List of HVDC projects

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This is a list of notable high-voltage direct-current power transmission projects.

HVDC projects for long-distance transmission have two (or rarely, more) converter stations and a transmission line interconnecting them. Generally overhead lines are used for interconnection, but an important class of HVDC projects use submarine power cables. A back-to-back station has no transmission line and connects two AC grids at different frequencies or phase counts. Historical HVDC systems used the Thury system of motor-generators but these have all been made obsolete by later developments such as mercury-arc valves, thyristors, and IGBT power transistors.

Legend

Line type:

Line status:

  Under construction
  Planned
  Decommissioned

Transmission lines

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Africa

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Cahora Bassa Mozambique - Songo
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 South Africa - Apollo
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1420
(0/1420)		 533 1920 1979 Thyr First HVDC with voltage above 500 kV
ABB refurb 2013-2014		 [1][2][3]
Inga-Shaba Democratic Republic of Congo - Kolwezi
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Democratic Republic of Congo - Inga
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1700
(0/1700)		 500 560 1982 Thyr Upgraded in 2014
Supplier: ABB, GE		 [1][4][5][6]
Caprivi Link Namibia - Gerus
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Namibia - Zambezi
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 950
(950/0)		 350 300 2010 IGBT Supplier: ABB [1][7]

Australia and Oceania

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)		 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
HVDC Inter-Island 1 New Zealand - Benmore
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 New Zealand - Haywards
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 611
(40/571)		 270 600 1965 Merc Built as 250 kV 600 MW link
Paralleled to operate at 270 kV as positive pole with HVDC Inter-Island 2 in 1992.
Partially decommissioned in 2007, fully decommissioned in August 2012.
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
HVDC Inter-Island 2 New Zealand - Benmore
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 New Zealand - Haywards
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 611
(40/571)		 350 700 1992 Thyr Negative pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 3 (previously HVDC Inter-Island 1)
Restricted to 500 MW due to cable rating.
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
HVDC Inter-Island 3 New Zealand - Benmore
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 New Zealand - Haywards
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 611
(40/571)		 350 735 2013 Thyr Positive pole, operates in bipole configuration with HVDC Inter-Island 2
Supplier: Siemens		 [8]
Terranora interconnector (Directlink) Australia - Mullumbimby
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Australia - Bungalora
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 59
(59/0)		 80 180 2000 IGBT Land cable
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
Murraylink Australia - Red Cliffs
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Australia - Berri
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 176
(176/0)		 150 200 2002 IGBT Underground XLPE cable
Supplier: ABB		 [1]
Basslink Australia - LoyYang, Vic
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Australia - GeorgeTown, Tas
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 370 (298/72) 400 500 2006 Thyr One of the longest HVDC cable in operation
Supplier: Siemens		 [1][9][10]

Asia

Name Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Hokkaido - Honshu Japan - Hakodate
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Japan - Kamikita
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 193
(44/149)		 250 300 1979 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Hitachi, Toshiba [1]
Zhou Shan China - Ningbo
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Gao Tongge
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 54
(12/42)		 100 50 1982 Thyr [1]
Gezhouba - Shanghai China - Gezhouba
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Nan Qiao
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1046
(0/1046)		 500 1200 1989 Thyr Power line shares pylons of HVDC Hubei - Shanghai in most part of its track

Supplier: ABB, Siemens

 [11]
Sileru-Barsoor India - Sileru
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 India - Barsoor
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 196
(0/196)		 200 100 1989 Thyr Supplier: BHEL [1]
Ekibastuz–Tambov Kazakhstan - Ekibastuz
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Russia - Tambov
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 2414
(0/2414)		 750 6000 (1990) Thyr Abandoned around 1990 owing to collapse of Soviet Union
Rihand-Delhi India - Rihand
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 India - Dadri
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 814
(0/814)		 500 1500 1990 Thyr Supplier: ABB, BHEL [12]
Haenam-Cheju South Korea - Haenam
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 South Korea - Jeju
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 101
(101/0)		 180 300 1996 Thyr Supplier: Alstom [1]
Chandrapur-Padghe India - Chandrapur
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 India - Padghe
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 752
(0/752)		 500 1500 1999 Thyr Supplier: ABB [13]
Leyte - Luzon Philippines - Ormoc, Leyte
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Philippines - Naga, Camarines Sur
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 451
(21/430)		 350 440 1998 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Marubeni [1]
Kii Channel Japan - Anan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Japan - Kihoku
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 100
(50/50)		 250 1400 2000 Thyr Supplier: Hitachi, Toshiba, Mitsubishi [1]
Tian-Guang China - Tianshengqiao
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Beijiao
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 960
(0/960)		 500 1800 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Talcher-Kolar India - Talcher, Orissa
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 India - Kolar, Karnataka
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1450
(0/1450)		 500 2000 2003 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Thailand-Malaysia Thailand - Khlong Ngae
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Malaysia - Gurun
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 110
(0/110)		 300 300 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Three Gorges - Changzhou China - Longquan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Zhengping
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 890
(0/890)		 500 3000 2003 Thyr From north bank of Three Gorges to Zhengping, 200 km from Shanghai in the East grid
Supplier: ABB, Siemens. Sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Hubei-Shanghai		 [1][14][15]
Three Gorges - Guangdong China - Jingzhou
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Huizhou
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 940
(0/940)		 500 3000 2004 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][16]
Three Gorges - Shanghai China - Yidu
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Shanghai
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1060
(0/1060)		 500 3000 2006 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][17]
Guizhou - Guangdong I China - Anshun, Guizhou
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Zhaoqing, Guangdong
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 980
(0/980)		 500 3000 2004 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Guizhou - Guangdong II China - Xingren
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Shenzhen
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1200
(0/1200)		 500 3000 2007 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Yunnan - Guangdong [1]
Ballia - Bhiwadi India - Ballia
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 India - Bhiwadi
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 800
(0/800)		 500 2500 2010 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai China - Fulong
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Fengxia
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1980
(0/1980)		 800 6400 2010 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][18]
Yunnan - Guangdong China - Yunnan province
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Zengcheng
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1418
(0/1418)		 800 5000 2010 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Sharing of grounding electrode at Linwu with HVDC Guizhou - Guangdong II [1]
Qinghai - Tibet China - Geermu
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Lhasa
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1038
(0/1038)		 400 1500 Scheduled 2012 Thyr Powerline reaches altitudes up to 5300 m above sea level
Supplier: CET, SGCC		 [1]
Ningdong - Shangdong China - Yinchuan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Qingdao
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1335
(0/1335)		 660 4000 2011 Thyr Supplier: Alstom [1]
Baoji - Denyang China - Baoji
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Denyang
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 500 3000 2010 Thyr  ???
Hulunbeir - Liaoning China - Hulunbeir
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Shenyang
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 920
(0/920)		 500 3000 2010 Thyr Supplier: ABB [1][19]
North Shaanxi - Nanjing China - North Shanxi
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Nanjing
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 2017 Thyr  ???
Hubei - Shanghai China - Jingmen
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Fenjing
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 970
(0/970)		 500 3000 2011 Thyr Power line shares pylons of HVDC Gezhouba - Shanghai in most part of its track, sharing of grounding electrode at Chujiahu with HVDC Shanghai-Changzhou  ???
Sumatera - Java Indonesia - Java Indonesia - Sumatera 700
(700/0)		 500 3000 Under construction 2013 Thyr [1]
Jindo - Jeju South Korea - Jindo
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 South Korea - Jeju
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 105
(105/0)		 250 400 2014 Thyr Supplier: Alstom (converter stations), LS Cable and System (cables). [1][20][21]
Nanhui Wind Farm Integration China China 8.4
(8.4/0)		 30 18 2011 IGBT [22]
Jinping - Sunan China - Jinping
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Suzhou
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 2090
(0/2090)		 800 7200 2013 Thyr Supplier: ABB [23]
Mundra - Haryana India - Mundra
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 India - Mohindergarh Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 960
(0/960)		 500 2500 Under construction 2012 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1]
Xiluodo - Guangdong China - Zhaotong
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Conghua
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1286
(0/1286)		 500 6400 2013 Thyr  ???
Dalian City Infeed China - Dalian North China - Dalian South 43
(43/0)		 320 1000 2013? Thy [24]
Xiluodo - West Zhejiang China - Xiluodu
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Jinghua
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1680 800 8000 2014 Thyr  ???
North-East Agra India - Agra
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 India - Biswanath
 1728
(0/1728)		 800 6000 Planned commissioning 2016 Thyr Will supply electricity to serve 90 million people
Bipole Ultra high voltage, multiterminal (intermediate converter station at Alipurdauar)
Supplier: ABB		 [25]
Champa-Kurukshetra India - Champa India - Kurukshetra 1365
(0/1365)		 800 2 x 3000 2016-2017 Thyr 2 Bipoles. Supplier: Alstom [26]
Nanao Multi-terminal VSC HVDC China China 32
(10/32)		 +/-160 200/100/50 2013 IEGT/IGBT SEPRI (Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power Grid) is technically responsible for the entire project. Multiple suppliers are involved: three different VSC HVDC valve suppliers, two different HVDC land/sea cable suppliers and three different control & protection system/equipment suppliers. [27]

[28]
Zhoushan Multi-terminal DC Interconnection China China 134
(134/0)		 200 400  ? IGBT [29]
Humeng - Shandong China China 800 6400 2015 Thyr  ???
Inner Mongolia - Linyi China - Shizhustan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Linyi
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 800 6400 2017 Thyr  ???
Irkutsk - Beijing Russia - Irkutsk China - Beijing 800 6400 2015 Thyr  ???
Nuozhadu - Guangdong China - Nuozhadu
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Jiangmen
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1413 800 6400 2013 Thyr  ???
Jinsha River II - East China China China 800 6400 2016 Thyr  ???
Xilin Hot - Taizhou China - Xilin Hot
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Taizhou
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 800 6400 2017 Thyr  ???
Goupitan - Guangdong China China 3000 2016 Thyr  ???
Jiuquan- Xiangtan China - Qiaowan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Xiangtan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 800 6400 2016 Thyr  ???
Yinchuan - Zhuji China - Yinchuan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Zhuji
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 800 6400 2017 Thyr  ???
Hami - Central China China-Hami
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China-Zhengzhou
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 2192 800 6400 2014 Thyr  ???
Jinsha River II - Fujian China China 800 6400 2018 Thyr  ???
Northwest Yunnan - Guangdong China - Xinsong
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Dongfang
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 800 6400 2017 Thyr  ???
Humeng - Liaoning China China 800 6400 2018 Thyr  ???
Bakun HVDC Malaysia - Similajau Malaysia - Bentong 1700
(670/1030)		 500  ?  ? Thyr Unfinished  ???
Xinjiang - Anhui China - Wuicaiwan
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 China - Anhui
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 3333 1100 10000 2017 Thyr  ???
Shanghai - Shensi Shanghai – China Shensi – China 123
(63/60)		 50  ?  ? Thyr  ???

Europe

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Miesbach-Munich Power Transmission Germany - Miesbach Germany - Munich 58
(0/58)		 2 0.0025 1882 Single machine Demonstration facility

Dismantled
Gorzente River - Genoa DC transmission scheme Italy - Gorzente River Italy - Genoa  ? 6  ? 1889 Thury Upgraded later to a voltage of 14 kV, power of 2.5 MW and a length of 120 km

Dismantled
La Chaux-de-Fonds DC transmission scheme Switzerland - ? Switzerland - ?  ? 14  ? 1897 Thury Dismantled
St. Maurice - Lausanne DC transmission scheme Switzerland - St. Maurice Switzerland - Lausanne  ? 22 3.7 1899 Thury Dismantled
Lyon-Moutiers DC transmission scheme France - Lyon France - Moutiers 200
(10/190)		 75 30 1906 Thury Dismantled in 1936
Wilesden-Ironbridge DC transmission scheme UK - Wilesden UK - Ironbridge  ? 100  ? 1910 Thury Dismantled
Chambéry DC transmission scheme France - ? France - ?  ? 150  ? 1925 Thury Dismantled in 1937
HVDC Zurich-Wettingen Switzerland - Wettingen Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Switzerland - Zurich 20
(0/20)		 50 0.5 1939 Merc Experimental facility built by BBC

Dismantled
HVDC Charlottenburg-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Moabit Germany - Berlin-Charlottenburg 4.6
(0/4.6)		 100 14 1942 Merc Experimental facility built by Siemens

Dismantled in 1945
Lehrte-Misburg HVDC Germany - Lehrte Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - Hannover/Misburg  ? 80 16 1944 Merc Experimental facility

Dismantled
Elbe-Project Germany, Vockerode Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - Berlin, Marienfelde Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 115
(115/0)		 200 60 1945 Merc Never placed in service

Dismantled
HVDC Trollhattan-Merud Sweden - Trollhattan Sweden - Merud 50
(0/50)		 45 6.5 1946 Merc Experimental facility built by ASEA

Dismantled
Moscow–Kashira Russia - Moscow Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Russia - Kashira 100
(100/0)		 200 30 1951 Merc Built of parts of HVDC Elbe-Project

Shut down

 [1]
Gotland 1 Sweden - Västervik Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Yigne Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 98
(98/0)		 200 20 1954 Merc World's first commercial HVDC link. Expanded by ABBin 1970, decommissioned in 1986 [1][30]
Cross-Channel France - Echingen Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. UK - Lydd Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 64
(64/0)		 100 160 1961 Merc Shut down in 1984 [1]
Volgograd-Donbass Russia - Volzhskaya Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Ukraine - Mikhailovskaya Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 475
(0/475)		 400 750 1965 Merc/Thyr Shut down in 2014 [1]
Konti-Skan 1 Denmark - Vester Hassing Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Stenkullen Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 176
(87/89)		 250 250 1965 Merc Replaced in August 2006 by modern converters using thyristors [1]
SACOI 1 Italy - Suvereto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.) France- Lucciana Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ; Codrongianos, Italy Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 483
(365/118)		 200 200 1965 Merc Replaced in 1986 by Thyr, multiterminal scheme [1]
Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. UK - London-Beddington Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 85
(85/0)		 266 320 1975 Merc Bipolar scheme

Supplier: English Electric Shut down in 1987

 [31]
Kingsnorth UK - Kingsnorth UK - London-Willesden Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 111
(111/0)		 266 320 1975 Merc Opposite pole of Kingsnorth - Beddington. Cable wholly underground except for Thames crossing - crossed on upstream side of Putney District line railway bridge
Skagerrak 1 + 2 Denmark - Tjele Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Norway - Kristiansand Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 230
(130/100)		 250 500 1977 Thyr   Supplier: STK(Nexans) Control system upgrade by ABB in 2007 [32][33][34]
Gotland 2 Sweden - Västervik Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Yigne Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 99.5
(92.9/6.6)		 150 130 1983 Thyr  
Interconnexion France Angleterre (new) France - Les Mandarins Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. UK - Sellindge Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 72
(72/0)		 270 2000 1986 Thyr 2 bipolar systems

Supplier: Alstom

 [1][35]
Gotland 3 Sweden - Västervik Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Yigne Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 98
(98/0)		 150 130 1987 Thyr  
Konti-Skan 2 Denmark - Vester, Hassing Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Lindome Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 147
(87/60)		 285 300 1988 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Fenno-Skan Finland - Rauma Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Dannebo Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 233
(200/33)		 400 500 1989 Thyr Supplier: ABB
SACOI 2 Italy - Suvereto Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ( before 1992: Italy - San Dalmazio Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.) France- Lucciana Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. ; Codrongianos, Italy Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 422
(118/304)		 200 300 1992 Thyr Multiterminal scheme

Supplier: Alstom
Skagerrak 3 Denmark - Tjele Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Norway - Kristiansand Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 230
(130/100)		 350 440 1993 Thyr Supplier: Nexans ABB [32]
Baltic Cable Germany - Lübeck- Herrenwyk Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Kruseberg Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 262
(250/12)		 450 600 1994 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Kontek Denmark - Bjæverskov Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - Bentwisch Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 170
(170/0)		 400 600 1996 Thyr Supplier: ABB
Hellsjön-Grängesberg Sweden - Hellsjön Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Grängesberg Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 10
(0/10)		 180 3 1997 IGBT Experimental HVDC

Supplier: ABB
Visby-Nas Sweden - Nas Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Visby Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 70
(70/0)		 80 50 1999 Thyr  
SwePol Poland - Wierzbięcin Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Stärnö Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 245
(245/0)		 450 600 2000 Thyr Supplier: ABB [36]
Tjæreborg Denmark - Tjæreborg/Enge Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Denmark - Tjæreborg/Substation Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 4.3
(4.3/0)		 9 7 2000 IGBT Interconnection to wind power generating stations
Italy-Greece Greece - Arachthos Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Italy - Galatina Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 310
(200/110)		 400 500 2001 Thyr  
Moyle UK - Auchencrosh Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. UK - N. Ireland- Ballycronan More Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 63.5
(63.5/0)		 250 2501 2001 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans [37]
HVDC Troll Norway - Kollsnes Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Norway - Offshore platform Troll A Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 70
(70/0)		 60 80 2004 IGBT Power supply for offshore gas compressor

Supplier: ABB

 [38]
Estlink Estonia - Harku Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Finland - Espoo Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 105
(105/0)		 150 350 2006 IGBT Supplier: ABB [38]
NorNed Netherlands - Eemshaven Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Norway - Feda Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 580
(580/0)		 450 700 2008 Thyr Supplier: ABB, Nexans [38]
Valhall HVDC Norway - Lista Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Norway - Valhall, Offshore platform 292
(292/0)		 150 78 2011 IGBT Supplier: ABB, Nexans   [39][40]
BritNed UK - Grain Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Netherlands - Maasvlakte Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 245
(245/0)		 450 1000 2010* Thyr Operational since April 2011. Supplier: Siemens [38][41]

[42][43]
StoreBælt Denmark - Fraugde Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Denmark - Herslev Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 56
(56/0)		 400 600 2010* Thyr Operational since August 2010. Supplier: Siemens [38]
Cometa Spain - Morvedre Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Spain - Santa Ponsa Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 247
(247/0)		 250 400 2011* Thyr Expected completion 2011

Supplier: Siemens (converter stations); Prysmian/Nexans (cables)

 [38]
SAPEI Italy - Latina Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Italy - Fiume Santo Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 435
(435/0)		 500 1000 2011 Thyr The largest HVDC link in the Mediterranean Sea. Supplier: ABB [38][44][45]
Fenno-Skan 2 Finland - Rauma Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Finnbole Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 303
(200/103)		 500 800 2011 Thyr  
BorWin1 Germany - Diele Germany - BorWin Alpha platform 200
(200/0)		 ±150 400 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [46][47][48]
BorWin2 Germany - Diele Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - BorWin Beta platform Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 200
(200/0)		 ±300 800 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [49]
East West Interconnector Ireland - Woodland Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. UK - Shotton, Wales Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 130
(130/0)		 ±200 500 2012 IGBT Supplier: ABB [50]
DolWin1 Germany - Heede Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - DolWin Alpha platform Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 165
(165/0)		 ±320 800 2015 IGBT Supplier:ABB [51]
HelWin1 Germany - Büttel Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - HelWin Alpha platform Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 130
(130/0)		 ±250 576 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [52]
Fenno-Skan 1 Upgrade Sweden - Finnböle Finland - Rauma 233
(200/33)		 400 500 2013 Thyr Upgrade

Supplier:ABB

 [53][54][55]
SylWin1 Germany - Büttel Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - SylWin Alpha platform Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 205
(205/0)		 ±320 864 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens [56]
Estlink 2 Estonia - Püssi Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Finland - Anttila Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 171
(157/14)		 450 650 2014 Thyr Supplier: Siemens, Nexans
fr (HVDC France–Spain) aka INELEF France - Baixas Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Spain - Santa Llogaia Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 64
(64/0)		 ±320 2000 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens, Cables: Prysmian [57]

[58][59]
Skagerrak 4 Denmark - Tjele Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Norway - Kristiansand Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 244
(244/0)		 500 700 2015 IGBT Suppliers: Nexans, ABB [60]
SydVästlänken Sweden - Barkeryd Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Sweden - Hurva Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 260
(197/63)		 ±300 2x720 2013-
2015		 IGBT Supplier: Alstom
LitPol Link HVDC is B2B Lithuania - Alytus Poland - Elk 160
(0/160)		 70 500 2016 8 [61] Thyr Supplier: ABB [62][63][64]
Åland - Finland Åland - Ytterby Finland - Naantali (sv:Nådendal) Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 158
(158/0)		 80 100 2016 IGBT Supplier: ABB [65][66][67]
Troll A 3&4 Norway - Kollsnes Norway - Troll A 3&4 platform 70
(70/0)		 66 100 2015 IGBT Supplier: ABB [68][69][70][71][72][73]
Western HVDC Link UK - Hunterston UK - Flintshire Bridge 422
(422/0)		 600 2200 ~2017 2 Thyr Supplier: Prysmian Group, Siemens
First subsea 600kV link		 [74]
HVDC NordBalt Sweden - Nybro Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Lithuania - Klaipėda Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 450
(450/0)		 300 700 2016 IGBT Supplier: ABB [75]
DolWin2 Germany - Heede Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - DolWin Beta platform Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 135
(135/0)		 ±320 900 2016 IGBT Supplier: ABB [76]
HelWin2 Germany - Büttel Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - HelWin Beta platform Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 130
(130/0)		 ±320 690 2015 IGBT Supplier: Siemens
DolWin3 Germany - Heede Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - DolWin Gamma platform Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 160
(160/0)		 ±320 900 2017 IGBT Supplier: Alstom [77]
BorWin3 Germany - Diele Germany - BorWin Gamma platform 200
(200/0)		 ±320 900 2019 IGBT Supplier: Siemens
HVDC MON.ITA Project Italy-Cepagatti Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Montenegro - Lastva Grbaljska Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 415
(415/0)		 ±500 1000 2017 IGBT Supplier: Toshiba (converter stations); Nexans (cables). [78][79][80]
Caithess Moray HVDC 4 UK - Spittal UK - Blackhillock 160 320 1200 2018 Supplier: ABB [81][82]
NORD.LINK Norway - Tonstad Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Germany - Wilster Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 623
(570/53)		 525 1400 2020 Thyr Supplier: ABB [83][84][85]
Nemo Link Belgium - near Bruges UK - Richborough Energy Park 140
(140/0)		 400 1000 2019 IGBT Converter stations: Siemens , cables: J-power systems [86] [87][88]
ALEGrO Belgium - Visé Germany - Aachen 100
(100/0)		 320 1000 2019-209 IGBT [89]
NSN Norway - Kvilldal UK - Blyth 730 515 1400 2020 IGBT Supplier: ABB, Prysmian Group, Nexans [90][91][92][93]
France-Italy via Fréjus Road Tunnel France, Grand-Île Italy, it:Piossasco 190 ±320 2x600 2019 IGBT Supplier: Alstom (converter stations); Prysmian (cables). [94][95][96][97]
COBRAcable Denmark - Endrup via Fanø Nederlands - Eemshaven 325 400 700 20195 [98][99][100]
ElecLink France - Les Mandarins UK - Sellindge 70 320 1000 2019 [101]
IFA2 France - Tourbe, Normandie UK -Pilling, Hampshire 240 400 1000 2020 [102][103][104]
FAB Link France - Menuel on Cherbourg Peninsula UK - Exeter via Alderney 1000/1400 2021 [105][106]
Western Isles HVDC UK - Arnish Point near Stornoway UK - Beauly 156 320 600 2021 6 [107]
Shetland HVDC Connection UK - Upper Kergord UK - near Staxigoe[108] 345
(345/0)		 300 550/600 20213 Thyr [109][110]
HVDC Italy-Croatia Italy - Candia Croatia - Konjsko  ? 2017 Thyr citation needed 7
Viking Link Denmark - Revsing UK - Bicker Fen 740 1000-1400 2022 [111][112]
NorthConnect Norway - Simadalen UK - Peterhead 650 1400 2022 [113]
EuroAsia Interconnector Israel via Cyprus and Crete Greece - Attica 1520 600 2000 2022 [114][115]
Eastern HVDC Link UK - Peterhead UK - Hawthorn 305 400 2000 2024 [116]

1 Moyle currently running at 250 MW but being restored to 450 MW in 2016.[37] National Grid says it will be 450 MW to Northern Ireland and 295 MW to Wales.[117]
2 [117] gives completion as 2017/18 see Chapter 3, section 3.4
3 2021 date is that quoted to support the Shetland Wind Farm that SSE is a part investor in.[118]
4 Caithness Moray HVDC will serve a number of renewable energy sources in the north of Scotland - see map [107]
5 Contracts due to be placed in 2016.
6 Decision on project expected in 2017 following consultation - see SSE PD reference.
7 Citation needed to show project is planned rather than just possible.
8 As of 9 December 2015, LitPol Link started trial operations.[119]
9 Elia says construction expected to start in late 2017.

North America

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
HVDC Mechanicville–Schenectady USA - Mechanicville,NY
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA - Schenectady, NY 37
(0/37)		 12 5 1932 Merc Experimental, frequency conversion 40 to 60 Hz

Dismantled after WW II

 [120]
Vancouver Island 1 Canada - Delta, BC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Canada - North Cowichan, BC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 75
(42/33)		 260 312 1968 Merc Supplier: ASEA [1]
Vancouver Island 2 Canada - Delta, BC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Canada - North Cowichan, BC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 75
(33/42)		 280 370 1977 Thyr Supplier: GE [1]
Pacific DC Intertie USA - Celilo, OR
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA - Sylmar, CA Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.,
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1362
(0/1362)		 500 3100 1970 Thyr Transmission voltage 400 kV until 1984
Maximum transmission power 1440 MW until 1982
From 1982 to 1984 1600 MW
From 1984 to 1989 2000 MW
Merc replaced by Thyr in 2004
Original supplier: ASEA, GE
In 1989 upgraded by ABB
In 2004 upgraded by ABB and Siemens		 [1][1][121][122]
Nelson River Bipole 1 Canada - Gillam, Manitoba
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1835
(940/895)		 463.5 1854 1971 Thyr Used the largest mercury arc rectifiers ever built
Poles converted to Thyr in 1993
Original supplier: English Electric, Alstom
In 1993 upgraded by Alstom
In 2004 upgraded by Siemens		 [1][123]
Nelson River Bipole 2 Canada - Sundance, Manitoba
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Canada - Rosser, Manitoba
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 940
(0/940)		 500 2000 1978-1985 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [1][123]
Square Butte USA - Center, ND (Young)
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA - Adolph, MN (Arrowhead)
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 749
(0/749)		 250 500 1977 Thyr Supplier: GE In 2004 Control system upgrade by ABB [1][124][125]
CU USA - Underwood, ND
(Coal Creek)
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA - Rockford, MN
(Dickinson)
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 687
(0/687)		 400 1000 1979 Thyr Supplier: ABB In 2004, control system upgrade by ABB [1][126]
Path 27 USA - Intermountain, UT
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA - Adelanto, CA
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 785
(0/785)		 500 1920 1986 Thyr  
Quebec - New England Transmission Canada - Radisson, QC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Canada - Nicolet, QC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.;
USA - Ayer, MA
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 1105
(5/1100)		 450 2250 1991 Thyr 3 terminals[dubious – discuss]
Converter stations near Windsor, QC and Monroe, NH were decommissioned in 2007.

Supplier: ABB

 [1]
Cross Sound Cable USA - New Haven, CT
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA - Shoreham, Long Island, NY
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 40
(40/0)		 150 330 2002 IGBT Buried underwater cable
Supplier: ABB		 [127]
Neptune Cable USA - Long Island (Hicksville) NY
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA -Sayreville, NJ
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 105
(105/0)		 500 660 2007 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [128]
Trans Bay Cable USA - Pittsburg, CA
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 USA - San Francisco, CA
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 85
(85/0)		 200 400 2010 IGBT First HVDC system using Modular Multi-Level Converter

Supplier: Siemens, Pirelli

 [129][130][131]
Western Alberta Transmission Line Canada – Genesee, AB Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Canada – Langdon, AB Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 350 (0/350) 500 1000 2015/2016 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [132][133]
Eastern Alberta Transmission Line Canada – Newell, AB Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Canada – Heathfield, AB Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 485 (0/485) 500 1000 2015/2016 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [132]
Labrador-Island Link Canada - Muskrat Falls, NL Canada - Soldiers Pond, NL 1135
(35/1100)		 350 900 ~2017 Thyr Drilling for cable landfall began in 2014.
Supplier: Alstom Grid		 [134][135]
Maritime Link Canada - Bottom Brook, NL Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Canada - Woodbine, NS
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 360
(170/190)		 200 500 ~2017 IGBT Right-of-way clearing began in 2014.
Supplier: ABB		 [136][137][138][139]
TransWest Express USA – Sinclair, WY USA – Boulder City, NV 1165
(0/1165)		 600 3000 Final EIS expected in April 2015. [140][141]
Rock Island Clean Line USA - O'Brien County, IA USA - Grundy County, IL 805
(0/805)		 600 3500 ~2017 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [142]
Plains & Eastern Clean Line USA - Texas County, OK USA - Shelby County, TN 1207
(0/1207)		 600 3500 ~2018 Thyr Approved March 2016 [143][144][145]
New England Clean Power Line USA - Alburgh, VT USA - Ludlow, VT 248
(248/0)		 320 1000 ~2019 [146][147]
Juan de Fuca Cable Project USA - Port Angeles, WA Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Canada - Victoria, BC Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 35
(35/0)		 150 550  ? IGBT Buried undersea (30.5 km) and underground (2.5 km at each end)
Supplier: ABB		 [148][149]

South America

Name
 Converter
station 1
 Converter
station 2
 Total Length (Cable/Pole)
(km)
 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Itaipu 1 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 785
(0/785)		 600 3150 1984 Thyr Supplier: ABB  [1]
Itaipu 2 Brazil - Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Brazil - São Roque, São Paulo
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 805
(0/805)		 600 3150 1987 Thyr Supplier: ABB  [1]
Rio Madeira Brazil, Porto Velho
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 Brazil, Araraquara
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 2375
(0/2375)		 600 7100 2013 Thyr The longest transmission link in the world
Suppliers: ABB, Alstom		 [150]

Back to back

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Name
 Location
 Volt (kV)
 Power (MW)
 Year
 Type
 Remarks
 Ref
Carnegie Steel Company B2B USA - Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  ?  ?  ? Merc built for an interconnection between 60 Hz-utility system and a 25 Hz System, dismantled [151]
Sakuma B2B Japan - Sakuma
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 125 300 1965 Merc replaced in 1993 by new converter using light-triggered thyristors
Eel River B2B Canada - Eel River, NB
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 80 320 1972 Thyr life extension project 2014  [152][153]
Shin Shinano B2B Japan - Shin Shinano
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 125 600 1977 Thyr Supplier: Toshiba, Hitachi
Acaray B2B Paraguay - Ciudad de Este
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 25.6 50 1981 Thyr  
Vyborg B2B Russia - Vyborg
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 ±85 1065 1982 Thyr extended up to 1420 MW in 2001
Dürnrohr B2B Austria - Dürnrohr
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 145 550 1983 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Artesia, New Mexico (Eddy County HVDC B2B) B2B USA - Artesia, NM
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 82 200 1983 Thyr  
Chateauguay B2B Canada – Châteauguay, QC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 140 1000 1984 Thyr  Control system upgrade by ABB in 2009 [154][155]
Oklaunion B2B USA - Oklaunion, TX
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 82 200 1984 Thyr ABB replacement in 2014 [156][157]

 ||
Blackwater, New Mexico B2B USA - Blackwater, NM
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 57 200 1984 Thyr  Valve cooling and control systems upgrade by ABB in 2009 [158][159]
Madawaska, Quebec B2B Canada - Dégelis, QC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 140 350 1985 Thyr  
Miles City, Montana B2B USA - Miles City, MT
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 82 200 1985 Thyr  
Highgate, VT B2B USA - Highgate, VT
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 56 200 1985 Thyr Refurbishment by ABB in 2012, [160] 
Uruguaiana B2B Brazil - Uruguaiana
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 17.9 53.9 1986 Thyr  
Broken Hill B2B Australia - Broken Hill
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 8.33 40 1986 Thyr  
Virginia Smith B2B USA - Sidney, NE
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 50 200 1988 Thyr   [161]
Vindhyachal B2B India - Vindhyachal
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 176 500 1989 Thyr  
McNeill B2B Canada - Mc Neill, AB
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 42 150 1989 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Wolmirstedt B2B Germany - Wolmirstedt
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 160 600 (1992) Thyr construction work was stopped after reunification, static inverter hall is today part of a recycling yard
Etzenricht B2B Germany - Etzenricht
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 160 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1995, dismantled in 2009
Vienna-Southeast B2B Austria - Vienna
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 142 600 1993 Thyr shut down in October 1996, dismantled in 2007
Chandrapur B2B India - Chandrapur
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 205 2x500 1998 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Welsh HVDC Converter Station B2B USA - Titus County, TX
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 162 600 1998 Thyr  
Garabi HVDC Brazil - Garabi
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 ±70 2200 1999 Thyr Brazil-Argentina Interconnection. Supplier: ABB In 2002, the second phase 'Garabi 2' was supplied by ABB . [162]
Vizag 1 India - Visakhapatnam Gazuwaka
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 205 500 1999 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Minami-Fukumitsu B2B Japan - Minami - Fukumitsu
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 125 300 1999 Thyr  
Rivera B2B Uruguay - Rivera
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 22 70 2000 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Eagle Pass, Texas B2B USA - Eagle Pass, TX
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 15.9 36 2000 IGBT  
Sasaram B2B India - Sasaram
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 205 500 2003 Thyr Supplier: Alstom
Rapid City DC Tie B2B USA - Rapid City, SD
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 13 200 2003 Thyr [163][164]
Vizag 2 India - Visakhapatnam
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 176 500 2005 Thyr   Installed at Gazuwaka. Supplier:ABB. This is similar in specs to Vizag I and connects the Eastern and Southern grids. [165]
Lingbao B2B China - Lingbao
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 168 360 2005 Thyr  Supplier: NR(Protection&Control), Extension project 2010:  Supplier: ABB [166][167]
Lamar Co., Colorado B2B USA - Lamar, CO
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 63.6 210 2005 Thyr Supplier: Siemens; Combination of B2B HVDC & Grid Power Flow Controller (GPFC) [168]
Higashi-Shimuzu B2B Japan - Shimuzu
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 125 300 2006 Thyr  
Sharyland B2B USA - Mission, TX
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 21 150 2007 Thyr  
Al Fadhili B2B Saudi Arabia - Al Fadhili
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 222 3x600 2008 Thyr Used mainly for Dynamic Reserve Power Sharing rather than economic energy transfer. Supplier: Alstom [169]
Outaouais B2B Canada - Buckingham, QC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 315 625 (2x) 2009 Thyr   Expected completion 2009. Supplier:ABB [38]
Heihe B2B China - Heihe
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 ±125 750 2011 Thyr  Supplier: NR(Protection&Control)[170]
Gaoling B2B China - Gaoling
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 ±500 1500 2008 Thyr
Shandong - East B2B China 1200 2011 Thyr
Melo B2B Uruguay - Melo
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 ±79 500 2011 Thyr Supplier:Alstom
North - Central B2B China 1000 2012 Thyr
Rio Madeira B2B Brazil – Porto Velho
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 100 800 2013 Thyr Supplier: ABB[171] [172][173][174][175]
Ridgefield B2B ( Hudson Project) USA - Ridgefield, NJ
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 185 660 2013 Thyr
Bheramara B2B Bangladesh – Bheramara Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 158 500 2013 Thyr
Akhaltsikhe B2B Georgia - Akhaltsikhe
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 96 700 2013 Thyr Supplier: Siemens [176]
Mackinac B2B USA - Saint Ignace, MI
~Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 70 200 2014 IGBT Supplier: ABB [177]
Railroad DC Tie USA - Mission, TX
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 21 150 2014 Thyr  
Alytus B2B Lithuania - Alytus
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 ±70 500 2015 Thyr [178]
Mogocha B2B Russia - Mogocha
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.		 ±32 2x100 2017 IGBT   [179]
Tres Amigas SuperStation USA - Clovis, NM  ? 5000  ? IGBT

Maps

Europe

File:HVDC Europe annotated.svg
  Existing
  Under construction
  Options under consideration
Medium to large HVDC interconnections in western Europe.
  1. Iceland – UK (option), 1.1 GW
  2. Moyle: Auchencrosh, UK – Ballycronan More, Northern Ireland, UK
  3. NSN Norway Kvilldal – UK Blyth, 1.4 GW under construction
  4. Viking cable (option): Germany – Norway, 600 MW but NORD.LINK 1.4 GW under construction
  5. Kattegat (option): Norway – Zealand, Denmark; or Norway – southern Sweden
  6. Fenno-Skan: Rauma, Finland – Dannebo, Sweden
  7. Vyborg
  8. Estlink: Harku, Estonia – Espoo, Finland
  9. NorNed: Feda, Norway – Eemshaven, Netherlands
  10. Skagerrak 1, 2, 3, and 4: Tjele, Denmark – Kristiansand, Norway
  11. Konti-Skan 1 and 2: VesterHassing, Denmark – Stenkullen, Sweden
  12. Gotland: Västervik, Sweden – Ygne, Sweden
  13. NordE.ON 1: Diele, Germany – Borkum 2 platform, Germany
  14. StoreBælt: Fyn, Denmark – Zealand, Denmark
  15. (purposely left blank)
  16. SwePol: Stärnö, Sweden – Wierzbięcin (Słupsk), Poland
  17. Baltic Cable: Lübeck- Herrenwyk, Germany – Kruseberg, Sweden
  18. Kontek: Bjæverskov, Denmark – Bentwisch, Germany
  19. East West Interconnector: Leinster, Ireland – Anglesey, Wales, UK. Operational since 2012
  20. BritNed: UK – Netherlands. Operational since April 2011.
  21. HVDC Cross-Channel: Les Mandarins, France – Sellindge, UK
  22. HVDC Italy–Corsica–Sardinia: "SACOI" – Codrongianos, Sardinia, Italy – Lucciana, Corsica, France – Suvereto, Italy (mainland)
  23. Sapei, Sardinia – Italian mainland
  24. Cometa: Valencia, Spain – Mallorca, Spain
    25 — 28 EuroMed options:
  25. Algeria – Spain
  26. Algeria – Sardinia
  27. Tunis – Sicily
  28. Tripoli – Sicily
  29. HVDC Italy-Greece: Arachthos, Greece – Galatina, Italy

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.43 1.44 1.45 1.46 1.47 1.48 HVDC Projects List, March 2012 - Existing or Under Construction (PDF), accessed in February 2014
  2. ↑ Cahora Bassa, accessed in February 2014
  3. ↑ ABB wins $50 million HVDC order in Mozambique, accessed in February 2014
  4. ↑ Inga-Kolwezi – One of the world's longest electric power transmissions, accessed in February 2014
  5. ↑ ABB wins $107 million power order in Africa, accessed in February 2014
  6. ↑ Report on Congo DRC – SOCIETE NATIONALE D'ELECTRICITE, accessed in February 2014
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  9. ↑ Basslink Homepage, accessed in February 2014
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Gezhouba - Shanghai, accessed in February 2014
  12. ↑ Rihand - Delhi, accessed in February 2014
  13. ↑ Chandrapur - Padghe – The first HVDC transmission to Mumbai., accessed in February 2014
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Three Gorges - Changzhou, accessed in February 2014
  16. ↑ Three Gorges - Guangdong, accessed in February 2014
  17. ↑ Three Gorges - Shanghai, accessed in February 2014
  18. ↑ Xiangjiaba - Shanghai, accessed in February 2014
  19. ↑ Hulunbeir - Liaoning, accessed in February 2014
  20. ↑ Grid energises Jeju Island in South Korea, Alstom Press Release, 7 July 2014.
  21. ↑ Project Overview, LS Cable and System.
  22. ↑ Nanhui Wind Farm Integration, accessed in February 2014 Archived July 2, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ↑ Jinping - Sunan: The most powerful transmission line in the world, accessed in January 2015
  24. ↑ Dalian City Infeed, accessed in February 2014 Archived July 2, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  25. ↑ North-East Agra, accessed in February 2014
  26. ↑ Champa ±800 kV UHVDC, Alstom publication, 2014.
  27. ↑ world’s first multi-terminal VSC HVDC transmission project , accessed in February 2014
  28. ↑ world’s first multi-terminal VSC HVDC transmission project , accessed in February 2014 Archived February 8, 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ Zhoushan Multi-terminal DC Interconnection, accessed in February 2014 Archived April 14, 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Kingsnorth Power Station brochure on the DC system (Kingsnorth to London HVDC power reinforcement scheme - dated 1975)
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  52. ↑ Wir bringen die Windenergie vom Meer an Land - TenneT TSO GmbH
  53. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  54. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  55. ↑ New Fenno-Skan 2 HVDC pole with an upgrade of the existing Fenno-Skan 1 pole
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  94. ↑ Alstom will supply converter stations to Italy-France interconnector , 7 September 2015.
  95. ↑ New strategic interconnection Italy-France for Terna R. I. and RTE, Prysmian Press Release, 26 March 2015.
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  120. ↑ James A. Besha, The historic Mechanicville Hydroelectric Station part 2, IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS MAGAZINE Mar/Apr 2007, page 8
  121. ↑ ABB Rededicates Sylmar Converter Station, 24 March 2005
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  123. ↑ 123.0 123.1 Siemens HVDC Reference List, accessed in February 2014.
  124. ↑ http://new.abb.com/systems/hvdc/references/square-butte Square Butte | References | ABB
  125. ↑ Square Butte annual report 2004
  126. ↑ CU HVDC Project, accessed in February 2014
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  129. ↑ Westerweller T., Friedrich, K., Armonies, U., Orini, A., Parquet, D., Wehn, S., Trans Bay cable – world's first HVDC system using multilevel voltage-sourced converter, CIGRÉ session, Paris, 2010, paper reference B4-101
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  142. ↑ Rock Island Clean Line Homepage, accessed in February 2014
  143. ↑ Plains & Eastern Clean Line Homepage, accessed in February 2014
  144. ↑ Wind Power Transmission Project in Plains Earns U.S. Approval
  145. ↑ http://www.rechargenews.com/wind/1427920/doe-approves-clean-line-wind-transmission
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  150. ↑ Rio Madeira – The longest transmission link in the world - 2,375 kilometers, accessed in February 2014
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  169. ↑ http://85.91.240.105/netprint/PDFfinal/areva/44883_Systems-L5-GCCIA-1839-V1-EN_loRes.pdf
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Sources

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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