Jurassic Coast
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Dorset and East Devon Coast | |
---|---|
Name as inscribed on the World Heritage List | |
The Jurassic Coast west of St Aldhelm's Head | |
Type | Natural |
Criteria | viii |
Reference | 1029 |
UNESCO region | Europe and North America |
Inscription history | |
Inscription | 2001 (25th Session) |
The Jurassic Coast is a World Heritage Site on the English Channel coast of southern England. It stretches from Orcombe Point near Exmouth in East Devon to Old Harry Rocks near Swanage in East Dorset, a distance of 96 miles (155 kilometres).[1] Chartered in 2001, the Jurassic coast was the second wholly natural World Heritage Site to be designated in the United Kingdom. Its entire length can be walked on the South West Coast Path.[2] The site was featured on the television programme Seven Natural Wonders as one of the wonders of the South West (of the UK), and in a 2005 poll of Radio Times readers, the Jurassic Coast was named as the fifth-greatest natural wonder in Britain.
Contents
Geology
The Jurassic Coast consists of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous cliffs, spanning the Mesozoic Era, documenting 180 million years of geological history.
The site shows excellent examples of landforms, including the natural arch at Durdle Door, the cove and limestone folding at Lulworth Cove and an island, the Isle of Portland. Chesil Beach is a fine example of both a tombolo (a deposition landform in which an island is attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar) and a storm beach (a beach affected by particularly fierce waves). The site has stretches of both concordant and discordant coastlines. Due to the quality of the varied geology, the site is the subject of international field studies. This area was home to Mary Anning, a palaeontologist who studied the fossils of the coastline around Lyme Regis and discovered the first complete Ichthyosaur fossil at the Spittles.
The highest point on the Jurassic Coast, and on the entire south coast of Britain, is Golden Cap at 191 metres (627 ft).
History
During World War II several sections of the Jurassic Coast became property of the Ministry of War. One of the Royal Navy's largest bases was at Portland Harbour, though it has since closed. A major army base at Bovington remains in use today, and large areas of land, including the coast between Lulworth Cove and Kimmeridge, including Tyneham ghost village, are still only partially accessible. Areas of the coast near Exmouth, The Fleet at Weymouth and the beaches at Studland have also been used for training for war, but have since been returned to civilian use.
Sea stacks, such as Old Harry's Rocks at Handfast Point, are an occasional feature of the coast.
Parts of the coast, especially around Portland, can be dangerous, and shipwrecks have been a feature of the coast. In January 2007 the coast experienced its most environmentally damaging wreck when the MSC Napoli, a 2,400 capacity container ship, was beached at Branscombe near Sidmouth, losing oil and cargo.[3]
Landslips and rockfalls are a continuing feature of the evolution of this coast. On May 6, 2008, a 400-metre (1,312 ft) section of the coast was dramatically re-shaped after a landslip that was described as the worst in 100 years.[4]
Management and access
The Jurassic Coast is largely an eroding landscape and management of the site aims to allow the natural processes involved while protecting people and property.[5]
Gateway towns
These are access points to the Jurassic Coast and provide a range of services which support conservation and the management of the World Heritage Site, as well as being destinations in their own right.
- Beer
- Bridport
- Budleigh Salterton
- Charmouth
- Exmouth
- Lyme Regis
- Portland
- Seaton
- Sidmouth
- Swanage
- Wareham
- West Bay, Dorset
- Weymouth
Visitor centres
Various visitor centres and museums provide an additional concentration of information and interpretations on or of the Jurassic Coast, particularly from a local perspective. The following museums and heritage centres are recommended by the World Heritage Site Management:
- Beer Quarry Caves
- Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre
- Chesil Beach Centre
- Dorset County Museum, Dorchester
- Dorset Wildlife Trust Fine Foundation Marine Centre, Kimmeridge
- Durlston Country Park
- Fairlynch Museum, Budleigh Salterton
- Fine Foundation Centre, Beer
- Lulworth Cove Heritage Centre
- Philpot Museum, Lyme Regis
- Portland Bill Visitor Centre
- Portland Museum
- Sidmouth Museum
- Studland Visitor Centre, Knoll Beach
- Swanage Heritage Centre
A World Heritage Coast Centre was to be built in Weymouth by 2011.[6]
Localities
To see the towns and localities along the coast from west to east see:
See also
- Mary Anning
- Blue Lias
- Geology of the United Kingdom
- Geology of Dorset
- UK coastline
- List of Dorset beaches
- List of fossil sites
References
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- ↑ BBC News, 2007. Stricken cargo ship run aground.
- ↑ BBC News, 2008. Landslip is 'worst in 100 years'.
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jurassic Coast. |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for [[Wikivoyage:Jurassic Coast#Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Jurassic Coast]]. |
- Jurassic Coast official website
- The South West Coast Path National Trail
- Jurassic Coast, UNESCO World Heritage site datasheet
- Protected Planet Website
- UNEP-WCMC page on the Jurassic Coast
- The Dorset Coast Forum
- South West Grid for Learning, Dorset Coast Forum, Countryside Agency and Dorset and Devon County Council joint Jurassic Coast site
- National Geographic article on the Jurassic Coast
- BBC article on the Jurassic Coast
- Geology of the Wessex Coast by Ian West, Southampton University