Jim Anderton

The Honourable Jim Anderton
File:Jim Anderton, 2010.jpg Hon. Jim Anderton in 2010
15th Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand
In office 5 December 1999 – 15 August 2002
Prime Minister	Helen Clark
Preceded by	Wyatt Creech
Succeeded by	Michael Cullen
Leader of Progressive Party
In office 2002–2012
Deputy	Matt Robson
Preceded by	Position Established
Succeeded by	Position Abolished
24th President of the Labour Party
In office 1979–1984
Preceded by	Arthur Faulkner
Succeeded by	Margaret Wilson
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Wigram (previously Sydenham)
In office 1984–2011
Preceded by	John Kirk
Succeeded by	Megan Woods
Majority	8,548
Personal details
Born	(1938-01-21) 21 January 1938 Auckland, New Zealand
Political party	Labour (1963–1989) NewLabour (1989–1991) Alliance (1991–2002) Progressive (2002-2011) Labour (2011-present)
Profession	Businessman
Signature	Jim Anderton's signature
Website	www.jimanderton.org.nz

James Patrick "Jim" Anderton (born 21 January 1938) is a New Zealand politician who led a succession of left wing parties after leaving the Labour Party in 1989. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1999 to 2002. In 2010, he ran unsuccessfully for the mayoralty of Christchurch. Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election.

Early life

Jim Anderton was born on 21 January 1938 in Auckland. He undertook all his education there, eventually graduating as a qualified teacher. He spent only two years in a teaching role (at St Peter's College, Auckland), however, before moving on to work as a child welfare officer. In 1960, he became involved in organisation for a Catholic youth movement, and later worked as the secretary for the Catholic diocese in Auckland.

He later moved into business, working as an export manager for a textiles company before establishing a manufacturing company with the name 'Anderton Holdings ltd' in 1971.

Entering politics

His political career began when he was elected to the Manukau City Council in 1965, and again in 1974. He joined the Auckland Regional Authority in 1977. At the same time, he worked his way up the internal hierarchy of the Labour Party, which he had joined in 1963. He became the party's president in 1979, a year before his term with the Auckland Regional Authority ended. He was also a long-standing member of the party's policy council.

Member of Parliament

Parliament of New Zealand
Years	Term	Electorate	List	Party
1984–1987	41st	Sydenham		Labour
1987–1989	42nd	Sydenham		Labour
1989–1990	Changed allegiance to:			NewLabour
1990–1991	43rd	Sydenham		NewLabour
1991–1993	Changed allegiance to:			Alliance
1993–1996	44th	Sydenham		Alliance
1996–1999	45th	Wigram	1	Alliance
1999–2002	46th	Wigram	1	Alliance
2002–2005	47th	Wigram	1	Progressive
2005–2008	48th	Wigram	1	Progressive
2008–2011	49th	Wigram	1	Progressive

In the 1984 general election, Anderton stood successfully as the Labour candidate for Sydenham in Christchurch, becoming a member of the Fourth Labour Government. He soon came into conflict with the party's leadership, and became one of the most outspoken critics of Minister of Finance Roger Douglas. Douglas and his allies, Richard Prebble and David Caygill, were determined to implement radical reforms of the country's economic system, known unofficially as "Rogernomics". This involved a monetarist approach to controlling inflation, the removal of tariffs and subsidies, and the privatisation of state assets, all of which were regarded by Anderton as a betrayal of the party's left-wing roots, and an abandonment of the party's election platform.

Anderton's severe criticism of Douglas and his reforms earned him the enmity of many within the party, including some of those who otherwise shared Anderton's frustration; his public comments were seen as damaging the party's public image.

1989 split from Labour

Although many ordinary members of the Labour Party (who were unhappy at the way the party's parliamentary wing was behaving) backed Anderton, he became increasingly isolated in parliament. When Anderton disobeyed party instructions to vote in favour of selling the Bank of New Zealand (which Labour had explicitly promised not to do), he was suspended from caucus. In April 1989, believing that Labour was beyond change, Anderton resigned from the party. He later said, "I did not leave the Labour Party; the Labour Party left me."

On 1 May, Anderton announced the creation of the NewLabour Party, intended to represent the "real" spirit of the original Labour Party. Its primary goals were state intervention in the economy, retention of public assets, and full employment. In the 1990 general election Anderton retained his Sydenham seat, ensuring that NewLabour (and Anderton's criticism) would not fade away. He was the first MP in New Zealand political history to leave an established party, found another and be re-elected to Parliament representing that new party. In parliament, Anderton attacked the policies of the new National Party government, particularly Ruth Richardson's continuation of Rogernomics.

Alliance

Anderton and NewLabour were at the centre of the Alliance Party established in 1991. He became leader of the new party and in the 1993 election, was joined in parliament by Alliance colleague Sandra Lee-Vercoe. He briefly stepped down as leader of the Alliance for family reasons in November 1994, but was persuaded to return in May 1995.

In the 1996 election, the first to be held under the Mixed Member Proportional system, the Alliance won 13 seats in Parliament. Anderton retained his constituency seat (the electorate was now renamed Wigram) and he was joined in Parliament by 12 List MPs.

Anderton was the most prominent critic of the rash of party-switching (sometimes called "waka jumping" in New Zealand) that characterised the 45th Parliament, although remained silent about his own past party-switching. When Alamein Kopu, a list MP from his party, declared herself an independent and supported the National-led coalition, Anderton blasted her, saying her behaviour "breached every standard of ethics that are known." He later started a "Go Now" petition calling on Kopu and every other party-switching MP to resign; like Anderton himself in 1989 they chose not to resign. When Kopu founded her own party, Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata in support of the government, Anderton suggested that the new party's creation smacked of corruption – as a party leader rather than a mere independent, Kopu received an additional $80,000 in funding.

Coalition Government

By the late 1990s, Labour under Helen Clark had largely purged itself of the influence of Roger Douglas. Realising that the cost of a split in the left-wing vote was a continued National government, the two parties agreed to form a coalition for the 1999 elections. Anderton became Deputy Prime Minister after National lost the election. He was also given the newly created post of Minister of Economic Development, which had an emphasis on job creation and regional development initiatives.

Towards the end of the parliamentary term Anderton came into conflict with the Alliance's administrative wing. Party president Matt McCarten and his allies claimed that the Alliance had become too close to Labour, and that it should take a less moderate path; Anderton replied that some moderation was required for the Alliance to accomplish any of its goals. There were complaints that Anderton was too dominant in the party's decision-making and over the fact that he supported the government's stance on the bombing of Afghanistan, while the executive and wider membership opposed it. Eventually, Anderton and three other MPs left the Alliance, establishing the Progressive Coalition, later renamed the Progressive Party. In order to get around the Electoral Integrity Act, which had been passed largely because of Anderton's complaints about waka jumping, Anderton technically remained the Alliance's parliamentary leader until the writ was dropped for the 2002 election.

In the election, Anderton was returned to Parliament, and the Progressives took the Alliance's place as Labour's coalition partner. Although Anderton won his electorate, the small amount of support the Progressives received (1.4% of the party vote) was enough for only one other Progressive – deputy leader Matt Robson – to enter Parliament. Anderton gave up the deputy prime minister's post to Minister of Finance and Labour deputy leader Michael Cullen. He remained Minister of Economic Development, and also held other ministerial portfolios. He ranked third in Cabinet, behind Clark and Cullen.

In the runup to the 2005 election Anderton renamed his party "Jim Anderton's Progressive Party". However, he was the only Progressive returned to Parliament by a narrow margin after many left-wing voters voted for Labour to prevent a National government from being elected due to a split on the left. He became Minister of Agriculture, Minister for Biosecurity, Minister of Fisheries, Minister of Forestry, Minister Responsible for the Public Trust, Associate Minister of Health, and Associate Minister for Tertiary Education.

The 2008 election saw a swing to the right, with National winning approximately 45% of the party vote to Labour's 34%. Anderton retained his seat but the Progressives' share of the party vote remained low, at less than one percent. In a move described as "unorthodox" by the New Zealand Herald, Anderton announced that he would remain in coalition with Labour in opposition. He said that a priority for the Progressives would be to support better access to dental care.

Mayoral candidacy

Anderton announced in May 2010 that he would contest the Christchurch mayoralty. He initially said that if elected to the mayoralty he would not give up his seat in Parliament because he didn't want to cause an expensive by-election. However, following the 2010 Canterbury earthquake Anderton announced he would stand down as MP for Wigram if elected mayor so he could fully focus on rebuilding the city. Anderton was leading the polls until the earthquake hit. He lost the election, taking 40.6% of the vote to incumbent mayor Bob Parker's 53.7% of the vote, with the rest of the vote split amongst numerous minor candidates.

Retirement

Anderton retired from Parliament at the 2011 election. The Progressive Party did not run candidates in that election. At the time, he held the unofficial title of Father of the House as the longest continuously serving MP. During the election campaign, Anderton endorsed Labour candidate and previously unsuccessful mayoral candidate Megan Woods to succeed him in his electorate. Woods was elected.

External links

• Jim Anderton's Progressives, archived site of Anderton's now-dissolved party
• Profile at New Zealand Parliament

New Zealand Parliament
Preceded by John Kirk	Member of Parliament for Sydenham 1984–1996	Constituency abolished
Vacant Constituency recreated after abolition in 1978 Title last held by Mick Connelly	Member of Parliament for Wigram 1996–2011	Succeeded by Megan Woods
Party political offices
Preceded by Arthur Faulkner	President of the Labour Party 1979–1984	Succeeded by Margaret Wilson
New political party	Leader of the NewLabour Party 1993–1994	Party merged into the Alliance party
	Leader of the Alliance 1993–1994 1995–2002	Succeeded by Sandra Lee-Vercoe
Preceded by Sandra Lee-Vercoe		Succeeded by Laila Harré
New political party	Leader of the Progressive Party 2002–2012	Party dissolved
Political offices
Preceded by Wyatt Creech	Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand 1999–2002	Succeeded by Michael Cullen
Preceded by Jim Sutton	Minister of Agriculture 2005–2008	Succeeded by David Carter