Indian Cricket League

Indian Cricket League

Sport	Cricket
Founded	2007
Ceased	2009
Divisions	9
No. of teams	9 city teams, 4 international teams
Country	India Pakistan Bangladesh World XI
Last champion(s)	Lahore Badshahs, 2008

The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was a private cricket league funded by Zee Entertainment Enterprises that operated between 2007 and 2009 in India. Its two seasons included tournaments between four international teams (World XI, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) and nine domestic teams notionally located in major Indian cities as well as the champions Lahore Badshahs who were based in Lahore, Pakistan and Dhaka Warriors based in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The matches were played in the Twenty20 format. There was also a planned domestic 50-over tournament, but this did not eventuate. While its establishment pre-dated the Indian Premier League, the ICL folded in 2009. Aside from commercial factors, the ICL lacked the support of the Board of Control for Cricket in India and International Cricket Council.

History

The second season, which added Ahmedabad as a venue, commenced in the last quarter of 2008, with the Lahore Badshahs from Pakistan winning. Many international cricketers played in it like Imran Nazir, Abdur Razzaq, Shane Bond, Inzamam ul haq and Moin Khan was coach of Lahore Badshahs.

League structure

Each team was coached by a former international cricketer and comprised four international, two Indian and eight budding domestic players. Essel Group also planned to set up cricket academies all over the country. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was assured that it was free to draw from ICL's talent pool. The league became active in November 2007 with matches in the Twenty20 format.

Former international cricketers including Anjingsora Risora, Tony Greig, Dean Jones and Kiran More were hired as board members of the Indian Cricket League. The board positions will be paid positions.

• Nine teams of private clubs :
  • Mumbai Champs
  • Chennai Superstars
  • Chandigarh Lions
  • Hyderabad Heroes
  • Royal Bengal Tigers (Kolkata)
  • Delhi Giants
  • Ahmedabad Rockets
  • Lahore Badshahs
  • Dhaka Warriors
• Each team had a paid mentor, media manager, psychologist and physiotherapist
• There was a US$1 million prize for the winning club team
• An Ombudsman is available to look into grievances of players

ICL World Teams

World XI

• John Emburey – Coach,
• Chris Cairns – Captain
• Ian Harvey,
• Jimmy Maher,
• Johan van der Wath,
• Lou Vincent (Wicketkeeper),
• Marvan Atapattu,
• Matthew Elliot,
• Michael Kasprowicz,
• Russel Arnold

India

• Steve Rixon – Coach
• Rajagopal Satish – Captain
• Abbas Ali,
• Abhishek Jhunjhunwala,
• Abu Nacheem,
• Ali Murtaza,
• Ambati Rayudu,
• Ganapathi Vignesh,
• Ibrahim Khaleel (Wicketkeeper),
• Love Ablish,
• Ravi Raj Patil,
• Rohan Gavaskar,
• Stuart Binny,
• Syed Mohammed,
• Thiru Kumaran,
• TP Sudhindra,
• Sarbjit Singh,
• Sumit Kumar(Wicketkeeper),
• Tejinder Pal Singh,
• V. Sarvanan
• A.Ansuman

Pakistan

• Moin Khan – Coach
• Inzamam-ul-Haq – Captain
• Azhar Mahmood
• Taufeeq Umar
• Imran Farhat
• Rana Naved-ul-Hasan
• Abdul Razzaq
• Naved Latif
• Humayun Farhat
• Shahid Nazir
• Hasan Raza
• Mohammad Sami
• Imran Nazir
• Riaz Afridi
• Shabbir Ahmed

Bangladesh

• Balwinder Sandhu – Coach
• Habibul Bashar – Captain
• Aftab Ahmed
• Alok Kapali
• Dhiman Ghosh
• Farhad Reza
• Manjural Islam
• Golam Mabud
• Mahbubul Karim
• Mohammad Rafique
• Mohammad Sharif
• Mosharraf Hossain
• Shahriar Nafees
• Tapash Baisya

ICL Domestic Teams

Main articles: Chandigarh Lions, Chennai Superstars, Delhi Giants, Hyderabad Heroes, Kolkata Tigers, Mumbai Champs, Ahmedabad Rockets, Lahore Badshahs, and Dhaka Warriors

Tournaments

First season

Main articles: ICL 20-20 Indian Championship 2007/08, ICL 50s 2007/08, ICL 20s Grand Championship 2007/08, and ICL 20s World Series 2007/08

Second season

Main articles: ICL 20-20 Indian Championship 2008/09 and ICL 20s World Series 2008/09

Reasons for creation

Several factors have played a role in formulation of a cricket league and which may run in parallel to the current official Indian cricket control body, BCCI.

The "Inverted Pyramid" cricket structure

There is wide disparity between the facilities enjoyed by the national team and the regional ones. This makes the regional players far from finished products when they are called to represent their country, preventing a huge country like India from having adequate reserve strength in the national squad when key players are injured or retire. Also, the regional cricket boards depend on the BCCI for hand-outs of funds for infrastructure and grassroots development. The players who are entrenched at the top have strong backing from sports management firms and also can afford the best in personal trainers, physiotherapists and technical consultants, which are well beyond the scope of the average player.

Zee Telefilms desire to create sports content

The Essel group has expressed a keen desire to help India develop cricketing talent, as well as provide lucrative sports programming for Zee Telefilms, which lost out on the rights to broadcast all BCCI-sanctioned cricket matches in India until 2011.

Essel Group had originally launched Zee Sports earlier with the anticipation of securing at least some of the BCCI telecast rights in 2006. This was followed by Zee acquiring 50 percent in TEN Sports in November 2006 for Rs. 2.57 billion (Rs. 2.57 billion). This gave the company a few international cricket rights – West Indies, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.

Cricket played in India generates Rs. 10 billion (Rs. 10 billion) in advertising and subscription revenue and Subhash Chandra has been acutely aware of his company missing out on this lucrative cricket pie.

During his battle with BCCI and ESPN Star Sports for the five-year telecast rights in August–September 2004 in the Bombay High Court, Chandra was present every day for the hearings. Despite Zee bidding the highest at $307 million, BCCI and its then president Jagmohan Dalmiya denied him the rights.

The pain of denial has been with Chandra since 2000 when the ICC World Cup rights were sold to NewsCorp's Global Cricket Corporation (GCC) for $550 million despite Zee bidding the highest at $650 million citing Zee's insufficient sports marketing experience.

In August 2005, Zee again emerged as a forerunner with a pitch of over $340 million while ESPN Star Sports, the other principal contender, is believed to have offered around $325 million. BCCI took the stance that Zee was not qualified as a specialist broadcaster and refused to consider Zee's proposal. The matter expectedly went to court and Doordarshan emerged the beneficiary.

Chandra then tried the political route too and supported Sharad Pawar's candidature as BCCI president against Dalmiya. Pawar emerged victorious but not Chandra. In the last round of bidding in February, last year, it was Nimbus who bagged BCCI's telecast rights till 2011 for $613 million with Zee trailing at $513 million.

Since there was a Zee-Nimbus alliance before the bidding, media pundits thought Nimbus' bid was a Zee front. But Nimbus chose to go its own way and launched its own sports network – NEO Sports.In 2012 stars ports bought broadcasting rights for international and domestic matches in India for more than $550 million.

Support for the league

The ICL received some support from unexpected quarters. There was a fear that lack of access to infrastructure, like the premier cricket stadiums, would limit the success of the operation of the league, but support from various government bodies boosted the league. Camps were held at Mayajaal in Chennai, a private resort with adequate cricket facilities. The then head of Indian Railways Lalu Prasad Yadav showed his backing by opening all the cricket stadiums controlled by the Indian Railways to the league. Describing the ICL as a "good initiative", Prasad issued a statement saying that the BCCI and ICL should each come up with a cricket team and play against each other to show who's the best. The state government of West Bengal also agreed to rent its cricket grounds, notably Eden Gardens, to the league. In Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation provided its Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium for matches.

Controversy

BCCI Response

The BCCI refused to recognise the ICL as a cricket league, and criticised Kiran More and Kapil Dev for joining the ICL. Kapil Dev's association with ICL was seen by the establishment as a conflict of interest as he was also the chairman of National Cricket Academy, a BCCI owned cricket facility. On 21 August 2007 Kapil Dev was sacked from his NCA post. Subhash Chandra had earlier stated that the ICL will go ahead regardless of the BCCI's stance. The International Cricket Council gave a statement through its chief executive, Malcolm Speed, that the ICC would not recognize the ICL unless the BCCI chooses to recognise it. The ICC looks at the ICL as an issue to be sorted out by the BCCI. On 25 July 2012 Kapil Dev informed BCCI that he had resigned from the ICL.

Faced with the threat of young players joining the ICL, the BCCI jacked up prize money for winners, runners-up and losing semi-finalists across all tournaments. An average domestic cricketer can hope to make around Rs 35,000 per match day from the season of 2007–08: more than double the Rs 16,000 they got in 2005–06. The BCCI has also planned to do away with honorary selectors, who will be paid professionals from September 2008 onwards.

The BCCI started its own international Twenty20 league. The official league, which launched in April 2008, is called the Indian Premier League Twenty20 cricket. The league model is based on the franchise model of the National Football League and Major League Baseball in the US.

ICL takes BCCI to court

In August 2007, the ICL filed a petition against the BCCI in the Delhi High Court accusing the BCCI of threatening and intimidating them and other state organisations, and asked the court to stop BCCI from interfering with its attempts to sign up players for its tournaments. It also petitioned that the BCCI stop trying to "out-hire" cricket stadiums in India that are owned by the state governments, in anti-competitive attempts to stop the ICL from using them to play matches.

On 27 August 2007, the Delhi High Court ruled in favour of the ICL. In its ruling, the Delhi High Court said that players should not suffer in the battle between corporate giants. The court has issued notices to all corporate sponsors, the state cricket associations & the BCCI against terminating valid contracts of players joining the ICL.

The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission (MRTPC) of India had asked its Director-General of Investigation to do an initial investigation into the BCCI's action against players who had joined the ICL. The investigation was based on media reports of the BCCI giving an open statement that it will ban players who join ICL. It was also reported in the media that all state associations, under direction from the BCCI, have cancelled contracts with players.

Pressure on Players from Other National Organisations

In considering rejoining the ICL former England wicketkeeper Paul Nixon was said to have put his career in jeopardy because any player that signs up with the ICL, which does not have official status from the International Cricket Council, risks losing their registration.

The addition of a new team from Dhaka in Bangladesh, consisting largely of Bangladesh internationals caused more controversy as the cricket board of that country banned the players for 10 years for joining the 'rebel' ICL. Faced with the departure of so many players the board appealed to other Bangladeshi players to reject the new ICL team, stay loyal to the board and embrace the opportunity to play for their country.

The Downfall of the ICL

The future of ICL has become dark when BCCI allowed ICL players to play international matches.Since then many ICL players have returned to their national team including famous players like Shane Bond (now retired) and Abdul Razzaq.

BCCI after seeing the success of ICL wanted to start their own league called "IPL". So, BCCI didn't miss any chance to stop the league by banning players and stadium associated with ICL.

Shortly before the conclusion of the inaugural tournament, the ICL announced its plans for expansion, which include a fifty over tournament in February 2008, and the expansion of the ICL Indian Championship to eight teams for the second tournament, due to be held in September and October 2008.

A similar initiative has been launched in United States by the PayAutoMata group but details have yet to emerge.

In October 2008, the promoters of the ICL, Zee and its parent company Essel Sports Pvt. Ltd, had applied for trademark registration of T20 under Class 28 of the Trade Mark Rules, 2002.

Transparency Issues

Independent analysts have had difficulty gauging the financial viability of the ICL due to the lack of transparency of the league's operations. Terms of contracts are hidden and advertising revenue from match telecasts – considered to be a major contributor to revenues – have never been disclosed. Because they are unsanctioned by the ICC, the teams do not have access to the best facilities across the whole country or access to the best players, limiting their ability to generate high gate revenues. This lack of transparency leads to questions regarding the overall viability of the ICL's business model.

The end of ICL

The ICL has now come to an end after all its players dropped out.This was because of the offer of amnesty given by BCCI to players choosing to leave the ICL.

Broadcasting of ICL

Since the ICL was conducted by Zee Telefilms, the ICL was broadcast in most domains on the Zee network.

Broadcaster	Regional Broadcast Rights
Zee Sports	Global Rights, India—Hindi, Bangladesh & US
Ten Sports	India—English, Bangladesh, Pakistan & Middle East
BTV	Bangladesh
ATN Bangla	Bangladesh
Gateway	North Africa
Telkom-Malaysia	Malaysia
Astro TVIQ	Malaysia
Fox Sports	Australia
Zee Music	UK
Zee Smile	Asia
Zee TV	Africa
Caribbean Media Corporation	Caribbean

Broadcasting Ban

In November 2008, the Bangladeshi government set a ban on the broadcasting of live matches of the ICL on the private held Diganta TV channel in the country. This would extend to the ICL World Series featuring the country's national team.

Other private cricket leagues

Most professional cricket around the world is run by the national cricket boards of the full members of the ICC, but there have been several previous attempts to create professional leagues outside the established system. Like the ICL, each of them came into conflict with the establishment:

• World Series Cricket was formed by Australian media tycoon Kerry Packer in the late 1970s, and played a major role in the development of limited overs cricket and commercialisation of the game.
• Pro Cricket League in USA formed by Kalpesh Patel. It started with eight teams on 2 July 2004 and expired the same year.
• Indian Cricket League (USA) formed in 2005 by PayAutoMata Group in the US state of Florida.
• Stanford 20/20 formed in 2006 by billionaire Sir Allen Stanford in the West Indies. It has since reconciled with the cricket establishment, gaining recognition by the West Indies Cricket Board.

External links

• The Official Site of the Indian Cricket League -
• Diktat ideas for BCCI to crush ICL