Hariphunchai

Hariphunchai
661–1292
1000 - 1100 AD Green: Haripunchai Light Blue: Lavo Kingdom Red: Khmer Empire Yellow: Champa Blue: Đại Việt Pink: Pagan Kingdom Light green: Srivijayan Empire
Capital		Lamphun
Government		Monarchy
King
•	661	Jamadevi (first)
•	c. 1200	Yip (last)
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Founding by Suthep	661
•	More probable, supposed founding	c. 750 A.D.
•	Besieged and captured by Kingdom of Lanna	1292
Succeeded by Lanna

Hariphunchai or Haribhunjaya (from Thai: หริภุญชัย, in turn from Pali: Haribhuñjaya) was a Mon kingdom in the north of present Thailand in the centuries before the Thais moved into the area. Its capital was at Lamphun, which at the time was also called Hariphunchai. In 1292 the city was besieged and captured by Mangrai of the Thai kingdom of Lanna.

Founding

According to the Camadevivamsa and Jinakalamali chronicles, the city was founded by a hermit named Suthep in 661 AD, and the Mon ruler of Lavo Kingdom (present-day Lopburi) sent his daughter Jamadevi to become its first queen. However, this date is now considered as too early, and the actual beginning is placed at around 750 AD. At that time, most of what is now central Thailand was under the rule of various Mon city states, known collectively as the Dvaravati kingdom. Queen Jamadevi gave birth to twins, the older succeeding her as the ruler of Lamphun, and the younger becoming ruler of neighboring Lampang.

Flourishing and downfall

File:Buddha Shakyamuni LACMA AC1993.210.2.jpg

A Hariphunchai statue of the Buddha Shakyamuni from the 12th-13th century CE

The kingdom under King Adityaraja, came into conflict with the Khmers in the twelfth century. Lamphun inscriptions from 1213, 1218, and 1219, mention King Sabbadhisiddhi endowing Buddhist monuments.

The chronicles say that the Khmer unsuccessfully besieged Hariphunchai several times during the 11th century. It is not clear if the chronicles describe actual or legendary events, but the other Dvaravati Mon kingdoms did in fact fall to the Khmers at this time. The early 13th century was a golden time for Hariphunchai, as the chronicles talk only about religious activities or constructing buildings, not about wars. Nevertheless, Hariphunchai was besieged in 1292 by the Lanna king Mangrai the Great, who incorporated it into his Lan Na ("One Million Rice Fields") kingdom.

List of rulers

Names of monarchs of the Hariphunchai kingdom according to Tamnan Hariphunchai (History of Kingdom of Hariphunchai):

1. Queen Jamadevi
2. Hanayos
3. Kumanjaraj
4. Rudantra
5. Sonamanjusaka
6. Samsara
7. Padumaraj
8. Kusadeva
9. Nokaraj
10. Dasaraj
11. Gutta
12. Sera
13. Yuvaraj
14. Brahmtarayo
15. Muksa
16. Traphaka
17. Uchitajakraphad king of Lavo
18. Kampol
19. Jakaphadiraj, King of Atikuyaburi
20. Vasudev
21. Yeyyala
22. Maharaj, King of Lampang
23. Sela
24. Kanjana
25. Chilanka
26. Phunthula
27. Ditta
28. Chettharaj
29. Jeyakaraj
30. Phatijjaraj
31. Thamikaraj
32. Ratharaj
33. Saphasith
34. Chettharaj
35. Jeyakaraj
36. Datvanyaraj
37. Ganga
38. Siribun
39. Uthen
40. Phanton
41. Atana
42. Havam
43. Trangal
44. Yotta
45. Yip

References

• 'Historic Lamphun: Capital of the Mon Kingdom of Haripunchai', in: Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, Ancient Chiang Mai Volume 4. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006J541LE
• Swearer, Donald K. and Sommai Premchit. The Legend of Queen Cama: Bodhiramsi's Camadevivamsa, a Translation and Commentary. New York: State University of New York Press, 1998.