Green Line D branch

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search
Green Line D branch
300px
An outbound train leaving Longwood station in 2022
Overview
Type Light rail
System Green Line (MBTA subway)
Locale Boston, Brookline, Cambridge, Newton, and Somerville, Massachusetts
Stations 25
Operation
Opened July 4, 1959[1]
Character Grade-separated surface right-of-way (Riverside–Fenway)
Underground (Fenway–North Station)
Technical
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Route map
Extension (2017)
Route 16(proposed)
College Avenue
opening
2020
Ball Square
opening
2020
Lowell Street
opening
2020
Gilman Square
opening
2020
Washington Street
opening
2020
Green Line "E" Branch
starting
2017
Lechmere
opening
2017
Green Line "E" Branch (current)
Lechmere Viaduct
Charles River
Science Park
starting
2017
Orange Line
North Station
starting
2017
MBTA.svgAmtrak Orange 
Haymarket
starting
2017
 Orange 
Orange Line
Government Center
reopening
2016
 Blue 
Park Street
 Red  Orange  Silver 
Boylston
Arlington
Copley
"E" Branch
Hynes Convention Center
Kenmore
"B" Branch
Fenway Incline
"C" Branch
Fenway
Longwood
Brookline Village
Brookline Hills
Beaconsfield
"C" Branch
Cleveland Circle | Reservoir
Chestnut Hill
Newton Centre
Newton Highlands
Eliot
Waban
Woodland
Riverside
Framingham/Worcester Line

The Green Line D branch (also referred to as the Highland branch or Riverside Line) is a light rail line in Boston, Brookline, Cambridge, Newton, and Somerville, Massachusetts, operating as part of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Green Line. The line runs on a grade separated surface right-of-way for 9 miles (14 km) from Riverside station to Fenway station. The line merges into the C branch tunnel west of Kenmore, then follows the Boylston Street subway and Tremont Street subway to North Station. It is the longest and busiest of the four Green Line branches. As of February 2022, service operates on 7-minute headways at weekday peak hours and 8 to 11-minute headways at other times, using 11 to 17 trains (22 to 34 LRVs).[2]

Unlike the other three Green Line branches, the D branch did not originate as a streetcar line running on city streets. The Boston and Albany Railroad Highland branch, built in segments from 1848 to 1886, operated as a commuter rail line until its 1958 closure. It was converted to a streetcar rapid transit line by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and reopened on July 4, 1959. Ownership passed to the MBTA in 1964; Tremont Street subway service was designated as the Green Line in 1965, with the Riverside Line becoming the D branch in 1967.

The line was substantially rebuilt in the mid-1970s, in 2007, and in 2018–2020. The downtown terminal was shifted between Park Street, Government Center, North Station, and Lechmere a number of times; it was extended to in September 2022 as part of the Green Line Extension project. Nine of the line's thirteen surface stations have been rebuilt for accessibility; the remaining four are scheduled for rebuilding in 2023–24.

History

Commuter rail

File:Newton Center station postcard.jpg
Newton Center station around 1910

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

Main article: Highland branch

What is now the surface section of the D branch was formerly the Highland branch of the Boston and Albany Railroad (B&A). The portion between Brookline Junction and Brookline Village was built by B&A predecessor Boston and Worcester Railroad in 1848.[3]:339 The Charles River Branch Railroad extended the line to Newton Upper Falls in 1852, and later to Woonsocket, Rhode Island.[3]:352 The B&A purchased the line between Brookline Village and Cook Street (in Newton Highlands) from the New York and New England Railroad (NY&NE) in 1883. A short extension from Cook Street to Riverside on the B&A mainline opened in 1886. The B&A instituted bidirectional "Newton Circuit" loop service via the Highland branch and mainline, while the NY&NE continued to use the branch east of Cook Street.[3]:343 NY&NE successor New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad began routing most NY&NE trains over a new cutoff from Needham Junction to West Roxbury in 1906.[3]:351 The remaining grade crossings on the line were eliminated in 1905–07.[4] Passenger service on the 1852-built line south of Cook Street ended in 1927. (A portion in Needham remains in use as part of the Needham Line).[3]:351 Passenger service on the line ended on May 31, 1958.[5]:4

Conversion to light rail

File:Reservoir station and loop, circa 1961.jpg
The new Reservoir station around 1961

Conversion of the Highland branch to a third-rail rapid transit line was proposed in 1913. That proposal called for trains to reach downtown Boston using the then-under-construction Boylston Street subway, which was built for streetcars but sized for rapid transit conversion, with a connection near Governor Square.[5]:17 In May 1924, the state legislature directed the Metropolitan District Commission to plan an expanded rapid transit system in Boston.[6] The plan, released in 1926, called for the existing streetcar subway to be converted into two rapid transit lines. A number of potential future extensions were listed; among them was conversion of most of the Highland branch to rapid transit, linking with a Huntington Avenue subway at Brookline Village.[7]

In 1943, the state legislature appointed a commission headed by Arthur W. Coolidge to plan for the future of transit in the Boston region. In 1945, a preliminary report from the Coolidge Commission recommended nine suburban rapid transit extensions – most similar to the 1926 plan – along existing railroad lines.[8][9] The Highland branch was to be converted to a rapid transit line, using low-floor trains that could operate in the existing streetcar subway. A branch would use the former Charles River Branch Railroad route to Needham Junction. Separately, two tracks of the B&A mainline would be converted to rapid transit, also terminating at Riverside.[10][8] The final report in 1947 did not recommend any changes to the Highland branch route, though it recommended extending the Needham Junction spur to Bird's Hill.[11][10]:18 Cost was estimated at $1.544 million in 1941 dollars (equivalent to $Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=US-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index. million in

  1. REDIRECT Template:Inflation/year


  • This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name. For more information follow the bold category link.) for the Riverside route, plus $424,000 (equivalent to $Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=US-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index. million in 2021) for the Needham spur.[10]:13

On June 20, 1957, the state legislature authorized the Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) to acquire the Highland branch and convert it to rapid transit at a cost not to exceed $9.2 million (equivalent to $Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=US-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index. million in 2021).[12] The project was approved by the MTA Advisory Board on October 1, 1957, and the state Department of Public Utilities on December 6. The Interstate Commerce Commission gave a certificate of abandonment early in 1958.[13] The B&A ran its last passenger trains on the branch on May 31, 1958.[14][5]:4 On June 9, the $7.0 million main construction contract (equivalent to $Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=US-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index. million in 2021) was awarded to the Perini Corporation.[15] The MTA acquired the line from the B&A at a cost of $600,000 (equivalent to $Error when using {{Inflation}}: |index=US-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index. million in 2021) on June 24.[5]:4[14]

File:MBTA 3275 leaving Riverside Terminal, September 1965.jpg
A train leaving Riverside in 1965

Work began with a groundbreaking ceremony on July 10, 1958.[5]:4 The work was done at relatively low cost by reusing the railroad infrastructure, including bridges and tracks; the only new right-of-way was a 1,100-foot (340 m) tunnel connecting Fenway station with the existing Beacon Street Line subway.[5]:14 Using trains of streetcars represented a substantial savings versus using third-rail rapid transit trains, which would have required significant work in the existing subway.[5]:2 Ten of the twelve existing station sites on the line were reused for new stations; two others, Riverside and Woodland, were relocated. An additional station, Fenway Park, was added at Park Drive. Small wooden shelters and new platforms were built at the stations; a larger brick waiting room was built at Riverside. All but three of the old station buildings were demolished for parking lots. These lots included a 1,960-space lot at Riverside, a 350-space lot at Woodland, and smaller lots at six other stations.[5]:8

A storage yard was built at Riverside, and a connection with the existing Reservoir Carhouse of the Beacon Street Line was made at Reservoir station. An overhead loop for short turns was also built at Reservoir.[5]:4 The line was electrified with 600 V DC overhead lines; a new substation was built at Cook Street to power the Riverside–Reservoir section, while the inner section was fed by existing substations.[5]:11–12 Three-aspect color light block signals, similar to those already used in the subway, were added. They were spaced to allow four-minute headways west of Reservoir and two-minute headways to the east.[5]:13–14 Train testing began on June 11, 1959.[13]

Streetcar operation began on the Highland branch on July 4, 1959.[5]:3 Trains operated with one to three PCC streetcars.[5]:15 By the end of 1959, the line carried 26,000 daily riders, versus 3,140 before conversion.[16] Initial plans called for every other train to short turn at Reservoir. However, the outer section of the line had higher ridership than expected, and soon all trains operated to Riverside.[5]:11 The yard at Riverside was expanded from June 1960 to January 12, 1961, with additional storage tracks and maintenance facilities to meet the additional demand.[13] The signals were also adjusted to allow for two-minute headways on the whole line.[5]:14, 15 Initial fares were 20 cents for all rides –substantially lower than the previous B&A fares. This was adjusted in 1961 as part of a systemwide fare change, with 40-cent fares west of Reservoir and 30-cent fares at Reservoir through Longwood.[5]:7 Riverside service initially ran to Park Street; it was extended to Lechmere (except on Sundays) on November 20, 1961.[1]

The MBTA takeover

The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) replaced the MTA in August 1964. The streetcar routes entering the Central Subway were designed as the Green Line on August 26, 1965. Sunday service was extended to Lechmere on September 10, 1966. In 1967, the five remaining Green Line branches were given letter designations; the Riverside Line became the D branch.[1]

File:MBTA 3425 at Eliot station 1984 postcard.jpg
A train of Boeing LRVs at Eliot station in 1984

The tracks were rebuilt in the mid-1970s to prepare for the new Boeing light rail vehicles. From September 8 to December 28, 1973, buses replaced streetcars between Newton Highlands and Riverside. A temporary loop was built at Cook Junction to turn the single-ended PCC streetcars.[17][1] (The loop track were later reused by the Seashore Trolley Museum.)[17][18][19] From June 8 to September 11, 1974, buses ran between Kenmore and Reservoir while the inner portion of the line was reconstructed. A temporary loop was used near Reservoir station, allowing D branch trains to use the C branch between Reservoir and Kenmore.[17][1][20] (On March 5, 1974, the downtown terminal had been cut back from Lechmere to North Station to accommodate the longer running times associated with this rerouting.)[1] From September 28, 1974 to September 20, 1975, single-tracking took place between Cook Junction and Reservoir.[17][1] Station platforms were also rebuilt during these shutdowns.[17] A new maintenance facility at Riverside was opened on July 12, 1976, to serve the new LRV fleet.[13]

The MBTA's first LRVs operated on the D branch on December 30, 1976. The downtown terminal was changed several times in 1976–77; PCCs and LRVs sometimes used different terminals (as LRVs could use stub-end tracks, while PCCs required a loop). On December 15, 1977, all D branch trains running with LRVs began using the newly rebuilt Canal Street surface terminal at North Station; the small number of PCCs continued to loop at Government Center.[1] Regular use of PCC cars on the D branch ended March 23, 1978, though later LRV shortages prompted the occasional return of PCC streetcars.[1] The downtown terminal was again changed several times from 1980 to 1984; after January 20, 1984, D branch trains terminated at Government Center at rush hours and Lechmere at other times. Rush hour service was cut back to Government Center on June 20, 1987.[1]

Riverside station on the D branch is located about Lua error in Module:Convert at line 452: attempt to index field 'titles' (a nil value). southeast of the station on the mainline, which saw commuter rail service until 1977. The tracks between the two stations were largely disused by the 1960s, though they were used for LRV deliveries in the 1970s. On October 20, 1996, flooding from the Muddy River inundated the Green Line subway. D branch trains only ran between Riverside and Brookline Village until October 27, when they were extended to Park Street.[1] Special commuter rail shuttle trains also ran between South Station and a temporary platform near the Riverside light rail station from October 23–25 to supplement Green Line service.[21] Weekend D branch service was extended to Lechmere on March 28, 1997; weekday service followed on June 21. It was cut back to Government Center on June 19, 2004, to accommodate the demolition of the Causeway Street elevated and the opening of the new underground North Station. Green Line service to Lechmere resumed on November 12, 2005, though the D branch continued to terminate at Government Center.[1]

21st century

File:Three-car train at Reservoir station, March 2011.jpg
A three-car train at Reservoir in 2011

The tracks were rehabilitated again in 2007 because new Type 8 LRVs did not operate reliably at the desired 40 to 50 mph (64–80 km/h) speeds. Unlike previous rolling stock, the D branch was the last to get the new LRvs due to the need to upgrade the tracks.[1] Shuttle buses replaced rail service between Riverside and Reservoir from June 23 to August 3, 2007, and between Reservoir and Fenway from August 4–31.[22][1] On May 28, 2008, two trains collided between Woodland and Waban stations, killing the operator of the rear train.[23][24] The National Transportation Safety Board investigation concluded that the operator likely had an episode of micro-sleep caused by sleep apnea.[25]

On October 25, 2010, the MBTA began operating some three-car trains on the D branch at peak hours. This was expanded on March 21, 2011, but was discontinued on March 21, 2016, in favor of operating two-car trains on more consistent headways.[1] On March 22, 2014, Government Center closed for reconstruction. D branch trains terminated at Park Street during peak hours and North Station at other times. All D branch trains resumed terminating at Government Center when it reopened on March 22, 2016.[1]

Work from 2018 to 2021 included a full modern signal system for the line between Beaconsfield and Riverside plus partial track replacements. Between October and December 2018, shuttle bus service replaced service between Brookline Hills and Reservoir every weekday evening and every weekend until after December 16. During 2019 and 2020, shuttle buses replaced service on 15 weekends and on all weeknights.[26] The Fenway Portal project was completed on November 23, 2020.[27] The track and signal work was completed in December 2021.[28] Three nine-day closures of the whole D branch took place between September 24 and October 28, 2022, to allow for work including installation of a train protection system and track replacement between Eliot and Riverside.[29][30]

Accessibility

File:Shelter at Newton Centre station, December 2015.JPG
Raised platforms at Newton Centre station, which were added around 2003

Riverside station was rebuilt in the late 1990s, with raised platforms to provide accessible boarding on the then-under-construction Type 8 LRVs. Reservoir and Brookline Village were temporarily fitted with portable lifts for accessibility, with Brookline Hills added by 2003.[31][32][33] Newton Centre, Reservoir, and Fenway were retrofitted with raised platforms around 2003.[32] Woodland was rebuilt for accessibility in 2006, followed by Longwood and Brookline Village in 2009.[34][35] Reconstruction of Brookline Hills station took place from September 2019 to January 2022 as part of the construction of an expansion of Brookline High School.[36] Temporary work to make Newton Highlands accessible was done in 2019–2020; a full reconstruction will begin in 2023.[37] In 2019, the MBTA indicated that the remaining four non-accessible stops (Beaconsfield, Chestnut Hill, Eliot, and Waban) were "Tier I" accessibility priorities.[38] A preliminary design contract for accessibility modifications at the four stations was issued in February 2021.[39] Design was completed in late 2022, with construction planned to begin in mid-2023.[37]

Green Line Extension

Original plans for the Green Line Extension called for the D branch to be extended through the rebuilt Lechmere station to Medford/Tufts station, with several intermediate stops.[40][41] However, in April 2021, the MBTA indicated that the D branch would instead be extended to , with the E branch running to Medford/Tufts.[42] The D and E branches were chosen for the extension because they serve the Longwood Medical Area; the D branch was assigned to the shorter Union Square Branch because its western leg is longer than that of the E branch.[43]

The D branch was temporarily extended to North Station on October 24, 2021, as part of changes in preparation for the opening of the extension.[44][43] The Union Square Branch opened on March 21, 2022.[45] It was initially served by the E branch rather than the D branch. The western portion of the E branch was closed from August 6–20, 2022, for track work; during that time, Union Square was served by C branch trains plus Reservoir short turns from the D branch.[1] All service was cut back to Government Center from August 22 to September 18, 2022, to allow for final integration of the Medford Branch and other work.[46] Upon reopening, most D branch service (plus E branch service) began running to Union Square, though some peak hour trains short turned at Government Center. E branch trains began non-revenue test service to Medford/Tufts on November 1, 2022, leaving only the D branch serving Union Square.[1]

In June 2023, the MBTA indicated the Union Square Branch would be closed from July 18 to August 28, 2023, due to urgent repairs to Squires Bridge, which carries the McGrath Highway over the tracks.[47][48] A week later, the closure was delayed to September 2023.[49]


Station listing

Location Station Opened Notes and connections
Somerville Handicapped/disabled access March 21, 2022 Bus transport MBTA bus: CT2, 85, 86, 87, 91
East Cambridge Handicapped/disabled access Lechmere Bus transport MBTA bus: 69
Bus transport EZRide
Original surface station was open from July 10, 1922, to May 23, 2020.
West End Handicapped/disabled access Science Park August 20, 1955
North End Handicapped/disabled access North Station June 28, 2004 BSicon SUBWAY.svg MBTA subway:  Orange 
MBTA.svg   MBTA Commuter Rail: Fitchburg, Lowell, Haverhill, Newburyport/Rockport
Bus transport MBTA bus: 4
Amtrak Amtrak: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Original surface station was open from September 3, 1898 to March 27, 1997. Elevated station was open from June 1, 1912 to June 24, 2004.
Handicapped/disabled access Haymarket September 3, 1898 BSicon SUBWAY.svg MBTA subway:  Orange 
Bus transport MBTA bus: 4
Downtown Boston Handicapped/disabled access Government Center BSicon SUBWAY.svg MBTA subway:  Blue 
Bus transport MBTA bus: 191
Handicapped/disabled access Park Street September 1, 1897 BSicon SUBWAY.svg MBTA subway:  Red   Silver  (SL5)
Bus transport MBTA bus: 43
At Downtown Crossing: BSicon SUBWAY.svg  Orange ; Bus transport 7
Boylston BSicon SUBWAY.svg MBTA subway:  Silver  (SL5)
Bus transport MBTA bus: 43
Back Bay Handicapped/disabled access November 13, 1921 Bus transport MBTA bus: 9
Handicapped/disabled access Copley October 3, 1914 Bus transport MBTA bus: 9
Hynes Convention Center Bus transport MBTA bus: 1
Fenway–Kenmore Handicapped/disabled access Kenmore October 23, 1932 Bus transport MBTA bus: 8
At Lansdowne: MBTA.svg   Framingham/Worcester
Handicapped/disabled access Fenway July 4, 1959 Bus transport MBTA bus: CT2
Brookline Handicapped/disabled access Longwood
Handicapped/disabled access Brookline Village Bus transport MBTA bus: 60
Handicapped/disabled access Brookline Hills Bus transport MBTA bus: 60
Beaconsfield
Handicapped/disabled access Reservoir Bus transport MBTA bus: 51
At Cleveland Circle: BSicon SUBWAY.svg  Green  (C)
Newton Chestnut Hill
Handicapped/disabled access Newton Centre Bus transport MBTA bus: 52
Handicapped/disabled access Newton Highlands Bus transport MBTA bus: 59
Eliot Waban
Handicapped/disabled access Woodland Bus transport MWRTA: 1, 8
Handicapped/disabled access Riverside Bus transport MBTA bus: 558

References

  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (second section, third page) open access publication - free to read
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  49. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Script error: No such module "Attached KML". Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Green_Line_D_branch&oldid=727060570"