Galium verum
| Lady's bedstraw yellow bedstraw |
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G. verum
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| Galium verum |
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Galium verum (lady's bedstraw[1] or yellow bedstraw) is a herbaceous perennial plant of the family Rubiaceae. It is widespread across most of Europe, North Africa, and temperate Asia from Palestine and Turkey to Japan and Kamchatka. It is naturalized in Tasmania, New Zealand, Canada, and the northern half of the United States. It is considered a noxious weed in some places.[2][3][4]
Galium verum is a low scrambling plant, with the stems growing to 60–120 centimetres (24–47 in) long, frequently rooting where they touch the ground. The leaves are 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) long and 2 millimetres (0.079 in) broad, shiny dark green, hairy underneath, borne in whorls of 8–12. The flowers are 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) in diameter, yellow, and produced in dense clusters. This species is sometimes confused with Galium odoratum, a species with traditional culinary uses.[5]
Uses
In the past, the dried plants were used to stuff mattresses, as the coumarin scent of the plants acts as a flea killer. The flowers were also used to coagulate milk in cheese manufacture and, in Gloucestershire, to colour the cheese double Gloucester.[6] The plant is also used to make red madder-like and yellow dyes. In Denmark, the plant (known locally as gul snerre) is traditionally used to infuse spirits, making the uniquely Danish drink bjæsk.
Mythology
Frigg was the goddess of married women, in Norse mythology. She helped women give birth to children, and as Scandinavians used the plant lady's bedstraw (Galium verum) as a sedative, they called it Frigg's grass.[7]
In Romanian folklore, it is called sânziana and it is linked to the Sânziene fairies and their festival on June 24.
Subspecies
Many varietal and subspecific names have been proposed, but only four are currently (May 2014) recognized:[2]
- Galium verum subsp. asiaticum (Nakai) T.Yamaz - China, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East (Primorye)
- Galium verum subsp. glabrescens Ehrend. - Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria
- Galium verum subsp. verum - most of species range
- Galium verum subsp. wirtgenii (F.W.Schultz) Oborny - Central and eastern Europe plus Western Siberia
See also
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Biota of North America Program
- ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana
- ↑ Flora of China, v 19 p 139, 蓬子菜 peng zi cai, Galium verum
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- line drawing from Flora of Pakistan
- photo of herbarium specimen at University of Missouri, collected in Missouri, Galium verum
- Plants for a Future
- US Department of Agriculture plants profile
- Botanical.com, a modern herbal by M. Grieve
- NaturGate, Luontoportti, Helsinki, Lady's Bedstraw, Galium verum
- Emorsgate seeds, wild seeds of the UK, Galium verum – Lady's Bedstraw
- Herbal Encounter, Lady’s Bedstraw (Galium Verum)
- Minnesota Wildflowers
- Wilde Planten in Nederland en Belgie, Geel walstro, Giel slyt, Lady's Bedstraw (Yellow Spring Bedstraw, Cheese Rennet, Fleaweed, Gallion, Ladys Bedstraw, Maidens Hair, Petty Mugget, Wirtgen's Bedstraw, Wirtgens Bedstraw), Gaillet jaune, Echtes Labkraut, Galium verum
- Altervista, Galium verum L. - Erba zolfina, Le piante e le erbe medicinali
Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
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