Editora Nacional
Editora Nacional was a state-owned Spanish publishing company organized in the midst of the civil war by the Franco administration and which lasted until the first years of the socialist government of Felipe González. In its early days, it was directed by Pedro Laín Entralgo. Its main objective was to disseminate national and foreign works of thought and literature, of public and informative interest, by classic and contemporary authors.
History
Background
The origin of Editora Nacional goes back to the Publishing Section of the Vice-Secretariat of Popular Education. As early as March 1938, Serrano Súñer entrusted Dionisio Ridruejo with the National Propaganda Service, which depended on the then Ministry of the Interior, and Pedro Laín Entralgo assumed the direction of the official editions. Laín was succeeded in 1941 by Darío Fernández Flórez.
It is also worth mentioning the magazine Jerarquía, subtitled as "Revista Negra de la Falange" or "Guía Nacionalsindicalista del Imperio", a publication founded during the Civil War by Fermín Izurdiaga Lorca and which would give rise to two collections of books: Ediciones Jerarquía and Ediciones Fe. In 1941, Ediciones Jerarquía was replaced by Editora Nacional, and Ediciones Fe soon followed. Editora Nacional probably existed in some fashion before this date.
On the other hand, on May 23, 1939, a Ministerial Order created the Spanish National Book Institute (INLE), an organization under the Undersecretariat of Press and Propaganda of the Ministry of the Interior, with clear interests in the internal and external publishing policy of the Spanish book. Since 1938, the Francoist side established a severe censorship, the so-called "Serrano Súñer law", a rule that provided for prior censorship.
Foundation
In January 1941, Pedro Laín Entralgo, after his time at the Publishing Section, took over the management of the newly created Editora Nacional. His collaborator, Rogelio Pérez Olivares, would bear the full weight of the administration as technical director.[1] In April 1942, Gabriel Arias-Salgado succeeded in having the Editora Nacional placed under the National Delegation of Press and Propaganda of FET y de las JONS, which was in his charge together with the Vice-Secretariat for Popular Education. The first print runs of books ranged from 2000 to 5000 copies and the royalties varied between 10% for anthologies and 20% for original works. The degree of similarity between its editorial collection and that of the Publishing Section directed by Fernández Flórez was high. The texts of José Antonio Primo de Rivera were the hallmark of the publishing house: Discursos, Obra completa, Escritos, Misión y revolución or Nuestra tarea: textos antimarxistas de José Antonio were reprinted several times.
Directors
- Pedro Laín Entralgo (1941–1945)
- Tomás Zamora Rodríguez (1975–1978)[2]
- Rafael Martínez Alés (1978–1982)
Notes
- ↑ Laín Entralgo, Pedro (1976). Descargo de conciencia (1930-1960). Barcelona: Barral, p. 272.
- ↑ Umbral, Francisco (8 de octubre de 1977). "La Editora Nacional," El País.
References
- Ruiz Bautista, Eduardo (2005). "La Editora Nacional (1941–1945): Primeros Pasos y Traspiés," Historia y Política, No. 13, pp. 99–120.
