Cleit
A cleit is a stone storage hut or bothy, uniquely found on the isles and stacs of St Kilda; whilst many are still to be found, they are slowly falling into disrepair.[1] There are known to be 1,260 cleitean on Hirta and a further 170 on the other group islands.[2]
The outlying island of Boreray has the Cleitean MacPhàidein, a "cleit village" of three small bothies used on a regular basis during fowling expeditions from Hirta.[3] As a result of a smallpox outbreak on Hirta in 1727, three men and eight boys were marooned on Stac an Armin, near to Boreray until the following May.[4]
Cleitean were used to store a wide variety of produce, such as:[5]
- cured fish
- eggs (which were buried in peat ash)
- feathers
- fishing gear
- grains such as wheat, barley and oats,
- hay
- manure
- peat[6]
- potatoes
- ropes
- salted lamb
- salted seabird carcasses
"The wind beats down upon the walls, lifting the thatch, prefiguring a storm. Crabs, fieldmice, Horniegolachs, creeping and crawling things seek shelter in the cleits, abandoned cottages and kirk." Norman Bissett, Leaving St Kilda, 1999
Contents
Construction
Typically the cleitean are found on hilly ground and therefore are typically laid out along the direction of the slope, with their front ends looking uphill and their rounded rear ends looking downhill. Occasionally the entrance is found in a side wall. Examples also exist of cleitean built perpendicularly to the direction of the slope, with the entrance in one of the narrower ends.
In order to be able to withstand any downward thrust, the end facing downhill is normally built in the shape of an apse with a strong support. Entrances are very rarely placed in the apsidal end, in order not to compromise its strength.[5]
In his book on St Kilda, David Quine says of the cleitean, "They come in many shapes and sizes, but all have dry stone walls to allow the wind to whistle through, and great stone slabs for roofs, capped with turf to absorb the water." [7]
In history
Whilst she was kidnapped by her husband James Erskine, Lord Grange in the 1730s, Rachel Chiesley, Lady Grange was forced for some time to live in a cleit at Hirta, on St Kilda. The cleit in the Village meadows is said to resemble "a giant Christmas pudding".[8] Some authorities believe that it was rebuilt on the site of a larger blackhouse where she also lived during her incarceration,[9] In 1838 the grandson of a St Kildan who had assisted her quoted the dimensions as being "20 feet by 10 feet" (7 metres by 3 metres), which is a common size for a cleit.
Pictures
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Village Bay St Kilda10.jpg
A cleit on Hirta
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St Kilda Cleit.jpg
A cleit in 1898
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Cleits seen from Mullach Bi - geograph.org.uk - 1291651.jpg
Cleits seen from Mullach Bi
References
- ↑ Kilda Org
- ↑ St Kilda - David Quine (Colin Baxter Island Guides) 1995
- ↑ Maclean (1977) page 28.
- ↑ Maclean (1977) pages 48–9
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pierreseche. Com
- ↑ J. B. Mackenzie, Antiquities and old customs in St. Kilda 1829–43
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Fleming (2005) p. 135
- ↑ "St Kilda, Hirta, Village Bay, Cleit 85". Canmore. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
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Hut dwelling designs and semi-permanent human shelters
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