Chordeumatida

Chordeumatida
File:Chordeumatida New Zealand.jpg
Two unidentified species from New Zealand
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Myriapoda
Class:	Diplopoda
Subclass:	Chilognatha
Infraclass:	Helminthomorpha
Superorder:	Nematophora
Order:	Chordeumatida Pocock, 1894
Suborders
Chordeumatidea Craspedosomatidea Heterochordeumatidea Striariidea
Diversity
c. 50 families, 1200 species
Synonyms
Ascospermophora Verhoeff, 1900 Craspedosomatida Jeekel, 1971

Chordeumatida (from the Greek word for "sausage") is a large order of millipedes containing some 1200 species with a nearly worldwide distribution. They possess around 30 body segments and reach about 25 mm (1 in) in length.

Description

Chordeumatidans are relatively short-bodied, with only 26-32 body segments behind the head. They range in length from 4–25 mm (0.16–1 in). A key feature is the presence of 6 large bristles (setae) on the dorsal surface each body segment. The first segment (collum) is relatively narrow, giving the appearance of a distinct "neck" in many species. The body tapers towards the rear, and the rearmost tip (telson) contains silk-producing organs (spinnerets). A dorsal groove runs down the length of the body, and some species possess paranota, lateral extensions of the exoskeleton. Paranota are also found in some other millipedes, notably Polydesmida, from which Chordeumatidans can be distinguished by having more than 20 body segments and a dorsal groove. Unlike most other helminthomorph (worm-like) millipedes, Chordeumatidans lack ozopores.

Distribution

Chordeumatidans have a large distribution, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. They are present in Madagascar but absent from sub-Saharan Africa and, aside from southern Chile, are largely absent from South America. They occur in the tropics of Central America, Southeast Asia, and Oceania, and as far south as Tasmania, New Zealand, and Chiloé Island, Chile. They are abundant in cold, rocky, mountainous areas of Europe and central Asia, and range northward to Scandinavia, Siberia, and in North America up into Canada and southwest Alaska.

Classification

The Chordeumatida contains approximately 1200 species, classified in four suborders and approximately 50 families, although several families contain only one to five genera.

Suborder Chordeumatidea Pocock 1894

• Superfamily Chordeumatoidea C. L. Koch, 1847
  • Chordeumatidae C. L. Koch, 1847
  • Speophilosomatidae Takakuwa, 1949

Suborder Craspedosomatidea Cook, 1895

• Superfamily Anthroleucosomatoidea Verhoeff 1899
  • Anthroleucosomatidae Verhoeff 1899
  • Haasiidae Hoffman, 1980
  • Origmatogonidae Verhoeff 1914
  • Vandeleumatidae Mauriès, 1970
• Superfamily Brannerioidea Cook, 1896
  • Brachychaeteumatidae Verhoeff, 1910
  • Branneriidae Cook, 1896
  • Chaemosomatidae Verhoeff, 1913
    File:Atractosoma meridionale- Fauna Bavarica.png

    Atractosoma (Craspedosomatidae) from Germany
    File:Craspedosoma.rawlinsi.jpg

    Craspedosoma (Craspedosomatidae) from Belgium
  • Golovatchiidae Shear, 1992
  • Heterolatzeliidae Verhoeff 1899
  • Kashmireumatidae Mauriès, 1982
  • Macrochaeteumatidae Verhoeff, 1914
  • Microlympiidae Shear & Leonard, 2003
  • Niponiosomatidae Verhoeff, 1941
  • Tingupidae Loomis,1966
  • Trachygonidae Cook, 1896
• Superfamily Cleidogonoidea Cook, 1896
  • Biokoviellidae Mrsic, 1992
  • Cleidogonidae Cook, 1896
  • Entomobielziidae Verhoeff, 1899
  • Lusitaniosomatidae Schubart, 1953
  • Opisthocheiridae Ribaut, 1913
  • Trichopetalidae Verhoeff, 1914
• Superfamily Craspedosomatoidea Gray in Jones, 1843
  • Attemsiidae Verhoeff, 1899
    File:Haasea flavescens Fauna Bavarica.png

    A pair of Haasea (Haaseidae) from Germany. The dorsal groove is visible
  • Craspedosomatidae Gray in Jones, 1843
  • Haplobainosomatidae Verhoeff, 1909
• Superfamily Haaseoidea Attems, 1899
  • Haaseidae Attems, 1899
• Superfamily Neoatractosomatoidea Verhoeff, 1901
  • Altajellidae Mikhaljova & Golovatch, 2001
  • Cyrnosomatidae Mauriès, 2003
  • Faginidae Attems, 1926
  • Hoffmaneumatidae Golovatch, 1978
  • Mastigophorophyllidae Verhoeff, 1899
  • Neoactractosomatidae Verhoeff, 1901
• Superfamily Verhoeffioidea Verhoeff, 1899
• Verhoeffiidae Verhoeff, 1899

Suborder Heterochordeumatidea Shear, 2000

• Superfamily Conotyloidea Cook, 1896
  • Adritylidae Shear, 1971
  • Conotylidae Cook, 1896

Superfamily Diplomaragnoidea Attems, 1907

File:Schedotrigona.jpg

Schedotrigona (Metopidiotrichidae) from New Zealand

• • Diplomaragnidae Attems, 1907

Superfamily Heterochordeumatoidea Pocock, 1894

• • Eudigonidae Verhoeff, 1914
  • Heterochordeumatidae Pocock, 1894
  • Megalotylidae Golovatch, 1978
  • Metopidiotrichidae Attems, 1907
  • Peterjohnsiidae Mauriès, 1987

Superfamily Pygmaeosomatoidea Carl, 1941

• • Lankasomatidae Mauriès 1978
  • Pygmaeosomatidae Carl, 1941

Suborder Striariidea Cook, 1896

• Superfamily Caseyoidea Verhoeff, 1909
  • Caseyidae Verhoeff, 1909
  • Urochordeumatidae Silvestri, 1909
• Superfamily Striarioidea Bollman, 1893
  • Apterouridae Loomis, 1966
  • Buotidae Shear, 2009
  • Rhiscosomididae Silvestri, 1909
  • Striariidae Bollman, 1893

External links

• Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Chordeumatida at Wikispecies
• Chordeumatida at the Encyclopedia of Life
• Chordeumatida of Tasmania
• North American Chordeumatida on BugGuide.net