China–Peru relations
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China–Peru relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Peru.
China–Peru relations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers--the Confucius Institute.[1]
China–Peru relations was established more than 160 years ago intertwined with local social imageries, power structure and narratives.It started with Coolie Trade and matured during the ‘Hundred Years weakness and poverty’ (Wang,1993) from the 1840s to 1949 of the impoverished Qing China followed by a republic divided by civil wars and invaded by Japan.[2]
The two countries signed a free trade agreement in April 2009. The agreement was officially ratified by both countries governments on December 6, 2009 and came into effect on March 1, 2010.[3][4][5]
See also
References
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- ↑ Jae Park(2013),Cultural artifact, ideology export or soft power? Confucius Institute in Peru, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 23(1), 1-16.
- ↑ Jae Park(2013),Cultural artifact, ideology export or soft power? Confucius Institute in Peru, International Studies in Sociology of Education, 23(1), 1-16.
- ↑ China-Peru free trade pact takes effect
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