Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond

The Duke of Richmond
Portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller
Born	(1672-07-29)29 July 1672 London, England
Died	Sussex, England
Title	Duke of Richmond
Tenure	9 August 1675 – 27 May 1723
Other titles	1st Duke of Lennox 1st Duke of Aubigny (France) 1st Earl of March 1st Earl of Darnley 1st Baron Settrington 1st Lord Torbolton Hereditary Constable of Inverness Castle
Successor	Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke
Spouse(s)	Anne Belasyse (née Brudenell)
Issue	Louisa Lennox Charles Lennox Anne Lennox
Parents	King Charles II Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth

Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Aubigny (29 July 1672 – 27 May 1723) was the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and his mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth.

Life

Lennox was created Duke of Richmond, Earl of March and Baron Settrington in the Peerage of England on 9 August 1675 and Duke of Lennox, Earl of Darnley and Lord Torbolton in the Peerage of Scotland on 9 September 1675, and was invested as a Knight of the Garter in 1681. He was appointed Lord High Admiral of Scotland, under reservation of the commission granted to James, Duke of Albany and York (later James VII), as Lord High Admiral for life. The appointment was therefore only effective between 1701 and 1705, when Lennox resigned all his Scottish lands and offices.

It appears that he was Master of a Lodge in Chichester in 1696, and so was one of the few known seventeenth century freemasons.

Family

He was married to Anne Brudenell (d. 9 December 1722), daughter of Francis, Baron Brudenell on 8 January 1692; with whom he had three children:

• Lady Louisa Lennox (24 December 1694 – 15 January 1716); married James Berkeley, 3rd Earl of Berkeley
• Charles Lennox, Earl of March, later 2nd Duke of Richmond and 2nd Duke of Lennox
• Lady Anne Lennox, later Countess of Albemarle

By his mistress Jacqueline de Mézières:

• Renée Lennox (1709–1774) mistress of her cousin Charles Beauclerk, 2nd Duke of St Albans.

He is an ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, and Sarah, Duchess of York.

Cricket

Richmond was a patron of cricket, then becoming a major professional sport, and did much to develop it in Sussex. It is almost certain that he was involved with the earliest known major cricket match which took place in the 1697 season and was the first to be reported by the press. The report was in the Foreign Post dated Wednesday, 7 July 1697:

"The middle of last week a great match at cricket was played in Sussex; there were eleven of a side, and they played for fifty guineas apiece".

The stakes on offer confirm the importance of the fixture and the fact that it was eleven a side suggests that two strong and well-balanced teams were assembled. No other details were given but the report provides real evidence to support the view that top class cricket in the form of "great matches" played for high stakes was in vogue at the time. It was possibly an inter-county match: i.e., a Sussex XI versus a Kent XI or a Surrey XI. Richmond sponsored a team in the 1702 season against an Arundel side. His son Charles, the 2nd Duke, inherited his interest in cricket and became the patron of both Sussex county cricket teams and Slindon Cricket Club.

Ancestry

Family of Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond

16. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley               8. James I of England                       17. Mary, Queen of Scots               4. Charles I of England                             18. Frederick II of Denmark               9. Anne of Denmark                       19. Sofie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin               2. Charles II of England                                   20. Antoine of Navarre               10. Henry IV of France                       21. Jeanne III of Navarre               5. Henrietta Maria of France                             22. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany               11. Marie de' Medici                       23. Johanna of Austria               1. Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond                                         24. Guillaume de Penancoët, Seigneur de Kérouaille               12. René de Penancoët, Seigneur de Kérouaille, de la Villeneuve, de Kerboronné, et du Chefbois                       25. Guillemette/Marie Barbier de Kerjean               6. Guillaume de Penancoët, Seigneur de Kérouaille                             13. Julienne Emery du Pont-l'Abbé, Dame du Chef du Bois                       3. Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth                                   28. Vincent de Ploeüc, Baron de Kergorlay, Seigneur de Kerriou               14. Sébastien de Ploeüc, Marquis de Timeur, Baron de Kergorlay, Vicomte de Coetqueon                       29. Suzanne de Coëtanezre, Dame de Pratmaria et du Granec               7. Marie de Ploeüc de Timeur                             30. René de Rieux, Seigneur de Sourdeac               15. Marie de Rieux                       31. Suzanne de Saint-Mélanie, Dame de Boulévêque

Further reading

• Late Baron di Bauvso, Malta. 1 January 2000.
• The Adami Collection – collection of Parish records of Marriages, legacy and nobility, National Library of Malta, vol 10, pp 1838.

Political offices
In commission Title last held by The Duke of Monmouth	Master of the Horse 1681–1685	Succeeded by The Lord Dartmouth
Preceded by King James VII	Lord High Admiral of Scotland 1701–1705	Succeeded by The Marquess of Montrose
Peerage of England
New creation	Duke of Richmond 3rd creation 1675–1723	Succeeded by Charles Lennox
Peerage of Scotland
New creation	Duke of Lennox 2nd creation 1675–1723	Succeeded by Charles Lennox
French nobility
New creation	Duke of Aubigny 1684–1723	Succeeded by Charles Lennox