Bufotoxin
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Bufotoxins are a family of toxic steroid lactones found in the parotoid glands, skin and venom of many toads (genus Bufo); other amphibians; and some plants and mushrooms.[1][2][3] The exact composition varies greatly with the specific source of the toxin. It can contain: 5-MeO-DMT, bufagins, bufalin, bufotalin, bufotenin, bufothionine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The term bufotoxin can also be used specifically to describe the conjugate of a bufagin with suberylargine.[4]
The toxic substances found in toads can be divided by chemical structure in two groups:
- bufadienolides which are cardiac glycosides (e.g. bufotalin, bufogenin)
- tryptamine related substances (e.g. bufotenin)
Toads known to secrete bufotoxin are:[citation needed]
- Bufo alvarius
- Bufo americanus
- Bufo arenarum
- Bufo asper
- Bufo blombergi
- Bufo boreas
- Bufo bufo
- Bufo bufo gargarizans
- Bufo formosus
- Bufo fowleri
- Bufo marinus
- Bufo melanostictus
- Bufo peltocephalus
- Bufo quercicus
- Bufo regularis
- Bufo valliceps
- Bufo viridis
- Bufo vulgaris
Extraction
Extract from the skin of certain Asian toads, such as Bufo bufo gargarizans, is often found in certain Chinese folk remedies.[citation needed]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[page needed]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- http://www.californiaherps.com/frogs/pages/b.b.boreas.html
- http://www.erowid.org/animals/toads/toads_health1.shtml
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