Baetic System
| Baetic System | |
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Mulhacén in the winter
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| Highest point | |
| Peak | Mulhacén |
| Elevation | Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). |
| Geography | |
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Schematic representation of the Baetic System of mountain ranges
Schematic representation of the Baetic System of mountain ranges
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| Country | Spain and little bit in Gibraltar (UK) |
| State/Province | mostly Andalusia, small parts in Murcia, Castile-La Mancha, Valencian Community and Gibraltar (only Rock) |
| Range coordinates | Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
| Parent range | Gibraltar Arc |
| Geology | |
| Orogeny | Alpine Orogeny |
The Baetic System (Spanish: Sistema Bético) is one of the main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. Located in the southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula, it is also known as the Baetic Cordillera, Baetic Ranges or Baetic Mountains. The name of the mountain system derives from the ancient Roman region of Baetica, one of the Imperial Roman provinces of ancient Hispania.
Contents
Geography
The Baetic System is made up of multiple mountain ranges that reach from western Andalusia to the Region of Murcia, southern Castile-La Mancha and the Land of Valencia. To the north, the Baetic Ranges are separated from the Meseta Central and the Sierra Morena by the basin of the Guadalquivir. The Iberian System rises north of the eastern part of the Prebaetic System, the northernmost prolongation of the Baetic System. Generally the mountain ranges that are part of this system are aligned in a southwest-northeast direction.[1]
The most well-known range of the Baetic System is the Sierra Nevada, where the Mulhacén, the highest mountain in continental Spain and in the Iberian Peninsula is found. The Rock of Gibraltar is also considered to be part of the Baetic System,[2] but not the Cabo de Gata area further east which includes rocks of volcanic origin.[3]
Geology
The Baetic System as a geological feature belongs to a larger orogen usually called the Gibraltar Arc, which represents the westernmost edge of the Alpine Orogeny. The geodynamic mechanisms responsible for its formation are so far relatively unknown.[4]
Geologically the Rif mountains in Morocco and the Serra de Tramuntana in the island of Majorca are extensions of the Baetic System.[5] The Gibraltar Arc geological region follows the Moroccan coast from Oujda in the east to Tanger in the west, then crosses the Strait of Gibraltar and goes east again from Cádiz to Valencia and the Balearic Islands.
Ecology
The Baetic System is home to a number of Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub plant communities, including shrublands, oak woodlands, broadleaf forests, and coniferous forests, which vary with elevation, soils, and topography.
The Baetic System, together with the Rif Mountains of Morocco, which face the Baetic Ranges across the Alboran Sea, is one of the Mediterranean basin's ten biodiversity hotspots, known to ecologists as the Baetic-Rifan complex. The Baetic mountains are home to a rich assemblage of Mediterranean plants, including a number of relict species from the ancient laurel forests, which covered much of the Mediterranean basin millions of years ago when it was more humid.
Subdivision
The Baetic System is divided into the following sub-chains:
Penibaetic System
The Penibaetic System includes the highest point in the peninsula, the 3,478 m high Mulhacén in the Sierra Nevada; other ranges and features are:
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- Serranía de Ronda
- Rock of Gibraltar
- Sierra de las Nieves
- Sierra Blanca
- Cordillera Antequerana
- Sierra de Tejeda
- Sierra de Almijara
- Sierra de Alhama
- Sierra Nevada
- Sierra de Lújar
- Sierra de la Contraviesa
- Sierra de Cogollos
- Sierra de Gádor
- Sierra de Baza
- Sierra de los Filabres
- Sierra de Alhamilla
- Sierra Espuña
- Sierra Cabrera
- Sierra de las Estancias
- The Surco Intrabético comprises a series of valleys and depressions separating the Penibaetic from the Subbaetic System
Subbaetic System
The Subbaetic System occupies a central position within the Baetic System. Highest point 2,027 m (6,650 ft) high Peña de la Cruz in Sierra Arana.
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- Sierra del Aljibe, includes the Alcornocales Natural Park
- Sierra de Grazalema
- Sierra de Gibalbín
- Sierras Subbéticas de Córdoba
- Sierra Elvira
- Sierra de Loja
- Sierra de Arana
- Sierra de Cogollos
- Sierra de la Alfaguara
- Sierra de Huétor
- Sierra Sur de Jaén overlapping with the Prebaetic System
Prebaetic System
The Prebaetic System is the northernmost feature of the whole Baetic System. Highest point 2,382 m high La Sagra.
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- Sierra Mágina
- Sierra de la Sagra
- Sierra de Cazorla
- Sierra de Segura
- Sierra de Alcaraz
- Sierra de Castril
- Sierra de la Sagra
- Sierra del Taibilla
- Sierra de María, overlapping with the Penibaetic System
- Serra Mariola
- Montgó Massif
- Sierra de Bernia
- Penyal d'Ifac
See also
References
- ↑ Granada Natural - Las Zonas Externas
- ↑ A Guide to the Upper Rock Nature Reserve
- ↑ European geoparks website
- ↑ Wes Gibbons & Teresa Moreno, The geology of Spain. Geological Society of London, 2003, ISBN 978-1-86239-110-9
- ↑ Dan Davis, Commercial Navigation in the Greek and Roman World
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sistemas Béticos. |
- Sierra Nevada Natural Park
- Sierra del Aljibe
- Parque Natural de la Sierra de los Filabres y comarca del Alto Almanzora
- Cuenca del Guadalquivir
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Subfields of physical geography
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- Pages using infobox map without location map
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles containing Spanish-language text
- Pages using div col with unknown parameters
- Commons category link is locally defined
- Baetic System
- Physiographic provinces
- Environment of the Mediterranean
- Mountain ranges of Andalusia
- Mountain ranges of the Region of Murcia
- Mountain ranges of Castilla-La Mancha
- Mountain ranges of the Valencian Community
