Alash Autonomy

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Alash Autonomy
  • Алаш Автономиясы (Kazakh)
  • Алашская автономия (Russian)
Unrecognized state
1917–1920
Motto
Оян, Қазақ!
Oyan, Qazaq!
Проснись, казах!
Wake up, Kazakh!
Location of Kazakhstan
Planned borders of the Alash Autonomy
Capital Alash-Qala
Languages Kazakh
Russian
Religion Secular[1]
Government Republic
Chairman
 •  1917-1920 Alikhan Bukeikhanov
Historical era Russian Civil War
Alash's Independence
 •  Established 13 September 1917
 •  Disestablished 17 August 1920
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Governor-Generalship of the Steppes
Russian Republic
Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–25) 20px
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 20px
Today part of Kazakhstan
Russia
Warning: Value not specified for "continent"

Alash Autonomy (Kazakh: Алаш Автономиясы, Alaş Avtonomiiasy; Russian: Алашская автономия, Alashskaya avtonomiya) was a Kazakh state that existed between 1917 and 1920, on approximately the territory of the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan. The capital city was Semey, then known as "Alash-qala" (City of Alash).

Named for the mythical Alash, from whom the three Kazakh tribal confederations claimed to descend, the Alash Autonomy was the first independent Kazakh state to exist since the annexation of the Kazakh Khanate by the Russian Empire in 1848.[2] The state was proclaimed during the Second All-Kazakh Congress held at Orenburg from 5–13 December 1917 OS (18-26 NS), with a provisional government being established under the oversight of Alikhan Bukeikhanov.[3] However, the nation's purported territory was still under the de facto control of the region's Russian-appointed governor, Vasily Balabanov, until 1919. In 1920, he fled the Russian Red Army for self-imposed exile in China, where he was recognised by the Chinese as Kazakhstan's legitimate ruler.[citation needed]

Following its proclamation in December 1917, Alash leaders established the Alash Orda, a Kazakh government which was aligned with the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War. In 1919, when the White forces were losing, the Alash Autonomous government began negotiations with the Bolsheviks. By 1920, the Bolsheviks had defeated the White Russian forces in the region and occupied Kazakhstan. On 17 August 1920, the Soviet government established the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which in 1925 changed its name to Kazak Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, and finally to Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936.[4]

Government

Alash Orda (Kazakh: Алаш Орда, Alash Orda, "Kazakh Horde") was the name of the provisional Kazakh government from 13 September 1917 to 1918. This provisional government consisted of twenty-five members: ten positions reserved for non-Kazakhs and fifteen for ethnic Kazakhs.[5] During their rule, the Alash Orda formed a special educational commission and established militia regiments as their armed forces. They issued a number of legislative resolutions; the first one.

Alongside the authority of the Alash Orda, there sprang up independent Bolshevik councils which opposed the body's rule and aligned themselves with Vladimir Lenin in the brewing Russian Civil War. By 1919, the legitimate government of the Alash Autonomy had been effectively dismantled by Soviet force, its territory being integrated into the nascent Soviet Union. On 17 August 1920, the Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was proclaimed by Lenin and Mikhail Kalinin; this would eventually become the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic and would remain the functioning authority in the region until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s.

Films

  1. 1994 «Алаш туралы сөз» "The Word of Alash" "Алаш туралы сөз" - "Алаш туралы сөз" (documentary) «Kazakhtelefilm» film director Kalila Umarov.
  2. 2009 «Алашорда» "Alashorda" "Алашорда" - "Алашорда" (documentary) «Kazakhfilm» film director Kalila Umarov.
  3. 2018 " Тар заман "- Tar zaman " Strait time" (serial) by Kazakhstan national channel- Қазақстан ұлттық арнасы

See also

References

  1. ↑ The Alash Movement and the Soviet Government: A Difference of Positions
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Galick, David. Responding to the Dual Threat to Kazakhness: The Rise of Alash Orda and its Uniquely Kazakh Path, Vestnik: The Journal of Russian and Asian Studies (March 29, 2014)

External links

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