9969 Braille

9969 Braille

9969 Braille, as imaged by Deep Space 1
Discovery
Discovered by	E. F. Helin & K. J. Lawrence
Discovery date	May 27, 1992
Designations
MPC designation	9969 Braille
Named after	Louis Braille
Alternative names	1992 KD
Orbital characteristics
Epoch April 10, 2007
Aphelion	3.355258248767612 AU
Perihelion	1.33334143409973 AU
Semi-major axis	2.34429984143367 AU
Eccentricity	0.431241085063454
Orbital period	1311.046707341689 d
Mean anomaly	53.44583107846355°
Inclination	28.8950758886474°
Longitude of ascending node	242.0860869040194°
Argument of perihelion	355.6230995683221°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	2.1 km × 1 km × 1 km
Mass	7.8×1015g
Mean density	3.9 g cm−3
Sidereal rotation period	226.4 h
Geometric albedo	0.34
Surface temp. min mean max Kelvin ~238 Celsius
Spectral type	Q-type asteroid
Absolute magnitude (H)	15.8

9969 Braille is a small Mars-crossing asteroid that orbits the Sun once every 3.58 years. It was discovered in 1992 by astronomers at Palomar observatory and later named after Louis Braille, the inventor of the writing system for the blind. It was photographed in closeup by the spacecraft Deep Space 1 in 1999, but a malfunction resulted in indistinct images.

Discovery and naming

Discovered on May 27, 1992, by E. F. Helin and K. J. Lawrence working at the Palomar observatory as part of NASA's Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey, it was given the provisional designation 1992 KD. Later, it was renamed Braille in honour of Louis Braille as suggested by Kennedy Space Center software engineer Kerry Babcock in The Planetary Society's contest titled "Name That Asteroid".

Orbit

Orbit of 9969 Braille (blue), planets (red) and the Sun (black). The outermost planet shown is Jupiter.

Braille has an unusually inclined orbit, and belongs to the somewhat rare class of asteroids known as Mars-crossing asteroids. Simulations of its orbit by scientists of the Deep Space 1 project predict that it will evolve into an Earth-crossing orbit in about 4000 years. Although its closest approach to the Sun is closer than Mars orbit, its highly elliptical orbit takes it almost half-way to Jupiter at its apoapsis, and as such its semi-major axis is too large for it to be classified as an Amor asteroid.

Physical characteristics

Braille is a Q-type asteroid, composed mostly of olivine and pyroxene. Early ground-based observations had suggested that it could have been a V-type asteroid with similarities of composition between it and the much larger 4 Vesta. The asteroid is irregularly shaped, measuring approximately 2.1 km × 1 km × 1 km.

Exploration

Detailed information about Braille comes primarily from the Deep Space 1 probe, which passed within 26 km of the asteroid on July 29, 1999, and from extensive ground based observations done in conjunction with the mission. By the time Deep Space 1 reached Braille, its ultraviolet spectrometer had failed, but it did return two CCD images of medium resolution and three infrared spectra during the encounter. However, although the probe came within 26 km of Braille, the images and spectra were taken from an approximate distance of 14 000 km, due to problems with the tracking system.

The main purpose of the Deep Space 1 mission was technology testing, but the encounter with Braille was of strong scientific value. No lone asteroid as small as Braille had previously been observed from such a short distance.

External links

• 9969 Braille at the JPL Small-Body Database

• Discovery · Orbit diagram · Orbital elements · Physical parameters