1960 Tour de France

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1960 Tour de France
Race details
Dates 26 June–17 July 1960
Stages 21 (22 including split stages)
Distance Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value).
Winning time 112h 08' 42"
Palmares
Winner  Gastone Nencini (Italy) (Italy)
Second  Graziano Battistini (Italy) (Italy)
Third  Jan Adriaensens (Belgium) (Belgium)
Points  Jean Graczyk (France) (France)
Mountains  Imerio Massignan (Italy) (Italy)
Team France
← 1959
1961 →

The 1960 Tour de France was the 47th Tour de France, taking place between 26 June and 17 July 1960. The race featured 128 riders, of which 81 finished. The Tour included 21 stages over 4173 km, of which one stage was split, and the winner had an average speed of 37.210 km/h.[1]

Because Jacques Anquetil was absent after winning the 1960 Giro d'Italia, Roger Rivière became the main favourite. Halfway the race, Rivière was in second place behind Nencini, and with his specialty the time trial remaining, he was still favourite for the victory. When Rivière had a career-ending crash in the fourteenth stage, this changed, and Nencini won the Tour easily.

Differences from the 1959 Tour de France

In previous years, the location of the stage finish and the next stage start had always been close together. In 1960, this changed, when cyclists had to take the train to get from Bordeaux to Mont de Marsan after the ninth stage.[2]

The German team, that had been away from the Tour since 1938, was allowed to join again.[3]

Participants

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Main article: List of teams and cyclists in the 1960 Tour de France

The 1960 Tour de France was run in the national team format. The four most important cycling nations of the time, Spain, Belgium, France and Italy, each sent a national team with fourteen cyclists. There were also five smaller national teams: a combined Luxembourg/Swiss team, a Dutch team, a German team, a British team, and a team of international cyclists, all with eight cyclists. Finally, there were five regional teams, also of eight cyclists each. Altogether, 128 cyclists started the race.[2]

Jacques Anquetil, the winner of the 1957 Tour de France, had won the 1960 Giro d'Italia earlier that year. Anquetil was tired, and skipped the Tour. This made Roger Rivière the French team leader, and the big favourite for the Tour victory.[4]

Race details

A group of cyclists passing through a city, watched by many spectators
The Tour de France passing a town in the third stage

The first stage was split in two parts. In the first part, a group of fourteen cyclists cleared from the rest, and won with a margin of over two minutes. In the second part, an individual time trial, Roger Rivière won. The lead in the general classification transferred to Nencini, who had been part of the group of fourteen cyclists.[4] Federico Bahamontes, winner of the 1959 Tour, became ill and left the race in the second stage.[5]

Nencini lost the lead in the third stage to Joseph Groussard. In the fourth stage, a group including Henri Anglade escaped, and Anglade became the new leader. Anglade had already finished in second placed in 1959, and expected to be the team leader now.[5]

In the sixth stage, Rivière attacked. Only Nencini, Hans Junkermann and Jan Adriaensens could follow. Anglade asked his team manager Marcel Bidot to instruct Rivière to stop his attack, because Nencini and Adriaensens were dangerous opponents. Rivière ignored this, and continued.[5] They beat the rest by almost fifteen minutes, and Adriaensens took over the lead in the general classification.[4] After the stage, Anglade said that the French team lost the Tour in that stage. Anglade knew that Rivière would try to stay close to Nencini in the mountains, and warned that Rivière would regret staying close to Nencini downhill.[5]

The first mountains were climbed in the tenth stage. Nencini won time in the descent from the Col de Aubisque, where Adriaensens could not follow.[4] After the Aubisque, Adriaensens worked together with his team mate Jef Planckaert to win back time, but Nencini was able to stay away from them, and became the new leader, with Rivière in second place, only 32 seconds behind.[4] Nencini gained one minute on Rivière in the eleventh stage, but Rivière knew he had the stronger team. Moreover, Rivière was at that moment the holder of the hour record, and knew he would win back enough time in the time trial in stage 19.[6]

A rock, encarved with an image of a man on a bicycle
The monument for Riviere, at the location where he fell

In the fourteenth stage, going down the Col de Perjuret, Nencini made the pace, and Rivière followed him. Rivière then missed a corner, and fell 20 meters down a ravine.[2][4] Rivière's life was never in danger, but he was never able to ride a bicycle again, so this meant the end of his career.[6]

Because of that, Jan Adriaensens climbed to the second place in the general classification, and he now was the main competitor for Nencini. Adriaensens lost time in the Pyrénées, and the Italians were able to put Graziano Battistini in second place.[5] In the last stages, there was no competition for the overall victory, because it was clear that Nencini's advantage was too large. Therefore, all cyclists put their energy to win the remaining stages.[4] For the points classification, Jean Graczyk had built a large lead, but the mountains classification was only clinched by Imerio Massignan in the final mountain stage.

In the twentieth stage, news came that Charles de Gaulle, the president, would be by the route at Colombey-les-deux-Églises, where he lived. The organisers, Jacques Goddet and Félix Lévitan asked the French national champion, Henry Anglade, if the riders would be willing to stop. Anglade agreed and the news was spread through the race. One rider, Pierre Beuffeuil had stopped to repair a tyre and knew nothing of the plan, being three minutes behind the race. When he reached Colombey, he found the race halted in front of him. He decided to pass all the waiting cyclists and continued alone, and won the stage alone on the boulevard Jules-Guesde by 49 seconds.[7] "I voted for de Gaulle", he said.[8]

Stages

The 1960 Tour de France started on 26 June in Mulhouse, and had one restday, in Millau.[9]

Stage results[2][10]
Stage Date Route Terrain Length Winner
1a 26 June Lille – Brussels Plain stage 108 km (67 mi)  Julien Schepens (BEL)
1b Brussels Individual time trial 27.8 km (17.3 mi)  Roger Rivière (FRA)
2 27 June Brussels – Malo-les-Bains Plain stage 206 km (128 mi)  René Privat (FRA)
3 28 June Malo-les-Bains – Dieppe Plain stage 209 km (130 mi)  Nino Defilippis (ITA)
4 29 June Dieppe – Caen Plain stage 211 km (131 mi)  Jean Graczyk (FRA)
5 30 June Caen – St. Malo Plain stage 189 km (117 mi)  André Darrigade (FRA)
6 1 July St. Malo – Lorient Plain stage 191 km (119 mi)  Roger Rivière (FRA)
7 2 July Lorient – Angers Plain stage 244 km (152 mi)  Graziano Battistini (ITA)
8 3 July Angers – Limoges Plain stage 240 km (150 mi)  Nino Defilippis (ITA)
9 4 July Limoges – Bordeaux Plain stage 225 km (140 mi)  Martin van Geneugden (BEL)
10 5 July Mont de Parsan – Pau Stage with mountain(s) 228 km (142 mi)  Roger Rivière (FRA)
11 6 July Pau – Luchon Stage with mountain(s) 161 km (100 mi)  Kurt Gimmi (SUI)
12 7 July Luchon – Toulouse Stage with mountain(s) 176 km (109 mi)  Jean Graczyk (FRA)
13 8 July Toulouse – Millau Plain stage 224 km (139 mi)  Louis Proost (FRA)
14 10 July Millau – Avignon Stage with mountain(s) 217 km (135 mi)  Martin van Geneugden (BEL)
15 11 July Avignon – Gap Stage with mountain(s) 187 km (116 mi)  Michel Van Aerde (BEL)
16 12 July Gap – Briançon Stage with mountain(s) 172 km (107 mi)  Graziano Battistini (ITA)
17 13 July Briançon – Aix-les-Bains Stage with mountain(s) 229 km (142 mi)  Jean Graczyk (FRA)
18 14 July Aix-les-Bains – Thonon-les-Bains Stage with mountain(s) 215 km (134 mi) 23x15px Fernando Manzaneque (ESP)
19 15 July Pontarlier – Besançon Individual time trial 83 km (52 mi)  Rolf Graf (SUI)
20 16 July Besançon – Troyes Plain stage 229 km (142 mi)  Pierre Beuffeuil (FRA)
21 17 July Troyes – Paris Plain stage 200 km (120 mi)  Jean Graczyk (FRA)

Classification leadership

Stage General classification
 Points classification
 Mountains classification Team classification
1a  Julien Schepens (BEL)  Julien Schepens (BEL) no award  Belgium
1b  Gastone Nencini (ITA) 3 cyclists[Tablenotes 1]
2 4 cyclists[Tablenotes 2]  France
3  Joseph Groussard (FRA) 5 cyclists[Tablenotes 3]
4  Henri Anglade (FRA)  Jean Graczyk (FRA)
5
6  Jan Adriaensens (BEL)
7
8
9
10  Gastone Nencini (ITA)  Graziano Battistini (ITA)
11  Gastone Nencini (ITA)
12
13
14
15
16  Marcel Rohrbach (FRA)
17
18  Imerio Massignan (ITA)
19
20
21
Final  Gastone Nencini (ITA)  Jean Graczyk (FRA)  Imerio Massignan (ITA)  France
Notes
  1. ↑ Gastone Nencini, Roger Rivière and Julien Schepens had equal points.
  2. ↑ René Privat, Gastone Nencini, Roger Rivière and Julien Schepens had equal points.
  3. ↑ Nino Defilippis, René Privat, Gastone Nencini, Roger Rivière and Julien Schepens had equal points.

Results

There were several classifications in the 1960 Tour de France, two of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification; it was calculated by adding for each cyclist he times that he required to finish each stage. If a cyclist had received a time bonus, it was subtracted from this total; all time penalties were added to this total. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey.

The points classification was calculated differently than in the years before. The top six cyclists of each stage received points; the winner 10 points, down to 1 point for the 6th cyclist.

Points given in each stage
Position 1 2 3 4 5 6
Points 10 6 4 3 2 1

Because only a few cyclists received points, in the first stages of the Tour de lead was shared by up to 5 cyclists. In stage 4, when Jean Graczyk won the stage, he took the leading, having finished second in the stage 2. Graczyk remained leader for the rest of the race. The leader of the points classification was identified by the green jersey.

The mountains classification was calculated by adding the points given to cyclists for reaching the highest point in a climb first. There was no jersey associated to this classification in 1960.

Finally, the team classification was calculated as the sum of the daily team classifications, and the daily team classification was calculated by adding the times in the stage result of the best three cyclists per team. It was won by the French team. For the smaller teams (made of 8 cyclists), a separate classification was made, here the Dutch team won.

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[2]
Rank Name Team Time
1  Gastone Nencini (ITA) Italy 112h 08' 42"
2  Graziano Battistini (ITA) Italy +5' 02"
3  Jan Adriaensens (BEL) Belgium +10' 24"
4  Hans Junkermann (FRG) West-Germany +11' 21"
5  Jozef Planckaert (BEL) Belgium +13' 02"
6  Raymond Mastrotto (FRA) France +16' 12"
7  Arnaldo Pambianco (ITA) Italy +17' 58"
8  Henry Anglade (FRA) France +19' 17"
9  Marcel Rohrbach (FRA) Centre-Midi +20' 02"
10  Imerio Massignan (ITA) Italy +23' 28"

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Points classification

Final points classification (1–10)[11]
Rank Rider Team Points
1  Jean Graczyk (FRA) France 74
2  Graziano Battistini (ITA) Italy 40
3  Gastone Nencini (ITA) Italy 36
4  Nino Defilippis (ITA) Italy 32
5  André Darrigade (FRA) France 22
6  Dino Bruni (ITA) Italy 19
7  Michel van Aerde (BEL) Belgium 17
8 23x15px Fernando Manzaneque (ESP) Spain 16
9  Pierre Beuffeuil (FRA) Centre-Midi 15
10  Bernard Viot (BEL) Paris/Nord 14
10  Martin van den Borgh (NED) Netherlands 14

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Mountains classification

Final mountains classification (1–11)[11]
Rank Rider Team Points
1  Imerio Massignan (ITA) Italy 56
2  Marcel Rohrbach (FRA) Centre-Midi 52
3  Graziano Battistini (ITA) Italy 44
4  Kurt Gimmi (SUI) Switzerland 36
4  Gastone Nencini (ITA) Italy 36
6 23x15px Fernando Manzaneque (ESP) Spain 28
7  Martin van den Borgh (NED) Netherlands 22
8 23x15px René Marigil (ESP) Spain 21
9  Jef Planckaert (BEL) Belgium 20
10  Arnaldo Pambianco (ITA) Italy 18

Team classification

Final team classification[11]
Rank Team Big/small Time
1 France Big 335h 43' 43"
2 Italy Big +13' 36"
3 Belgium Big +1h 03' 01"
4 Spain Big +1h 51' 55"
5 Netherland Small +2h 01' 56"
6 Paris/North Small +2h 57' 41"
7 Centre-Midi Small +3h 01' 01"
8 Germany Small +3h 52' 52"
9 West France Small +4h 08' 36"
10 Switzerland/Luxembourg Small +4h 31' 03"
11 East/South East Small +6h 17' 02"

The Great-Britain team and the Internationals did not finish with three cyclists, so were not included in the team classification.

Other classifications

The combativity award was given to Jean Graczyk.[1]

Aftermath

Rivière survived the crash, but his career as a professional cyclist was over. The drug palfium was found in his pockets, and it was thought that it had so numbed Riviere's fingers so that he couldn't feel the brake levers.[12] Nencini had his bouquet of flowers given to Rivière.[5]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ http://www.humanite.fr/2001-07-16_Sports_1960-Pierre-Beuffeuil-remercia-le-general
  8. ↑ http://archives.tdg.ch/TG/TG/-/article-2003-07-898/100-ans-du-touron-sait-que-la-naissance-du-tour-est-une-consequence-directe-de-l-une-des-plus
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons

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