1170s BC

Millennium:	2nd millennium BC
Centuries:	13th century BC – 12th century BC – 11th century BC
Decades:	1200s BC 1190s BC 1180s BC – 1170s BC – 1160s BC 1150s BC 1140s BC
Years:	1179 BC 1178 BC 1177 BC 1176 BC 1175 BC 1174 BC 1173 BC 1172 BC 1171 BC 1170 BC
1170s BC-related categories:

Events and trends

• Late Bronze Age collapse when between 1206 and 1150 BC, the cultural collapse of the Mycenaean kingdoms, the Hittite Empire in Anatolia and Syria, and the New Kingdom of Egypt in Syria and Canaan interrupted trade routes and severely reduced literacy. The Late Bronze Age was replaced, after a hiatus, by the isolated village cultures of the Greek Dark Ages (ca. 1100–800 BC).
• 1178 BC, April 16—A solar eclipse occurs. This may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom after the Trojan War. He discovers a number of suitors competing to marry his wife Penelope, whom they believe to be a widow, in order to succeed him on the throne. He organizes their slaying and re-establishes himself on the throne. The date is surmised from a passage in Homer's Odyssey, which reads, "The Sun has been obliterated from the sky, and an unlucky darkness invades the world." This happens in the context of a new moon and at noon, both necessary preconditions for a full solar eclipse. In 2008, to investigate, Dr Marcelo O. Magnasco, an astronomer at Rockefeller University, and Constantino Baikouzis, of the Observatorio Astrónomico de La Plata in Argentina, looked for more clues. Within the text, they interpreted three definitive astronomical events: there was a new moon on the day of the slaughter (as required for a solar eclipse); Venus was visible and high in the sky six days before; and the constellations Pleiades and Boötes were both visible at sunset 29 days before. Since these events recur at different intervals, this particular sequence should be unique: the doctors found only one occurrence of this sequence while searching between 1250 and 1115 BC, the 135-year spread around the putative date for the fall of Troy. It coincided with the eclipse of April 16, 1178 BC.
• 1180–1178 BC—Collapse of the Hittite Empire. Their capital, Hattusa, falls around or slightly after 1180 BC.
• Battle of the Delta, circa 1175 BCE when the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses III repulsed a major sea invasion by the Sea Peoples