Raymond Alvin Jackson

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Raymond Jackson
Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia
Incumbent
Assumed office November 22, 1993
Appointed by	Bill Clinton
Preceded by	Richard Leroy Williams
Personal details
Born	1949 (age 74–75) Sussex, Virginia, U.S.
Alma mater	Norfolk State University University of Virginia School of Law

Raymond Alvin Jackson (born 1949) is a United States federal judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.

Born in Sussex, Virginia, Jackson received a B.A. from Norfolk State University in 1970 and a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1973. He was in the United States Army Captain, JAG Corps from 1973 to 1977. U.S. Army Reserve Colonel, 1977–present. He was an assistant U.S. Attorney of the Eastern District of Virginia from 1977 to 1993. He was an Adjunct lecturer, College of William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, 1981-1991 in 1993.

Jackson is a federal judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. Jackson was nominated by President Bill Clinton on September 24, 1993, to a seat vacated by Richard Leroy Williams. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 20, 1993, and received his commission on November 22, 1993.

Important Cases

United States v. Kimbrough

Judge Jackson was the district court judge in the critical Supreme Court decision in Kimbrough v. United States (2007). Derrick Kimbrough was indicted in September 2004 on four drug-related counts: conspiracy to distribute both crack and powder cocaine; possession with intent to distribute more than 50 grams of crack cocaine; possession with intent to distribute powder cocaine; and possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking offense. Kimbrough pleaded guilty to all four counts. Under the statutes that define these respective crimes, Kimbrough faced a sentence of between 15 years and life in prison. Based on the facts, Kimbrough admitted at his change-of-plea hearing, as well as the fact that Kimbrough had testified falsely at a codefendant's trial, Judge Jackson computed the applicable range under the federal sentencing guidelines at 228 to 270 months in prison.

Kimbrough's Guidelines range was so high because his offense involved both crack and powder cocaine. Judge Jackson observed that if Kimbrough's crime had involved powder cocaine only, his sentencing range would have been 97 to 106 months. The mandatory minimum sentence, in turn, was 180 months in prison, and Judge Jackson imposed that sentence.

The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the sentence and remanded for further proceedings. Relying on a prior opinion, the appellate court stated that any sentence that fell outside the Guidelines range was per se unreasonable if that sentence was based on a policy disagreement with the fact that crack cocaine offenses are punished more harshly than powder cocaine offenses. The United States Supreme Court agreed to review the Fourth Circuit's reasoning in this case and reversed the Fourth Circuit's opinion, holding that the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for cocaine are advisory only, and a judge may consider the disparity between the Guidelines' treatment of crack and powder cocaine offenses when imposing a sentence sufficient, but not greater than necessary.

Legal offices
Preceded by Richard Leroy Williams	Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia 1993–present	Incumbent