Portal:Analytical chemistry

Topics Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Analytical chemistry is the study of the chemical composition of natural and artificial materials. Unlike other major sub disciplines of chemistry such as inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry, analytical chemistry is not restricted to any particular type of chemical compound or reaction. Properties studied in analytical chemistry include geometric features such as molecular morphologies and distributions of species, as well as features such as composition and species identity. The contributions made by analytical chemists have played critical roles in the sciences ranging from the development of concepts and theories (pure science) to a variety of practical applications, such as biomedical applications, environmental monitoring, quality control of industrial manufacturing and forensic science (applied science). Traditionally, analytical chemistry has been split into two main types, qualitative and quantitative: Qualitative inorganic analysis seeks to establish the presence of a given element or inorganic compound in a sample. Qualitative organic analysis seeks to establish the presence of a given functional group or organic compound in a sample. Quantitative analysis seeks to establish the amount of a given element or compound in a sample. Analytical chemists use a variety of different techniques to identify and measure the chemical species in a sample. Some techniques, such as titrations, use chemical reactions. Other techniques use the physical properties of the sample, such as the way it absorbs light, to identify compounds present. Nearly every technique relies on comparing the unknown substance to a similar substance (or solution) whose composition is known. This substance with a known composition is the standard or reference material. Animation of the dispersion of light as it travels through a triangular prism. Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between radiation (electromagnetic radiation, or light, as well as particle radiation) and matter. Spectrometry is the measurement of these interactions and an instrument which performs such measurements is a spectrometer or spectrograph. A plot of the interaction is referred to as a spectrum. Historically, spectroscopy referred to a branch of science in which visible light was used for the theoretical study of the structure of matter and for qualitative and quantitative analyses. Recently, however, the definition has broadened as new techniques have been developed that utilise not only visible light, but many other forms of radiation. 300px 300 MHz NMR Spectrometer Soxhlet extractor Franz Ritter von Soxhlet (January 12, 1848– May 5, 1926) was a German agricultural chemist from Brno. He invented the Soxhlet extractor in 1879 and in 1886 he proposed that pasteurization be applied to milk. A Soxhlet extractor is a piece of laboratory apparatus invented in 1879 by Franz von Soxhlet . It was originally designed for the extraction of a lipid from a solid material. However, a Soxhlet extractor is not limited to the extraction of lipids. Typically, a Soxhlet extraction is only required where the desired compound has only a limited solubility in a solvent, and the impurity is insoluble in that solvent. If the desired compound has a high solubility in a solvent then a simple filtration can be used to separate the compound from the insoluble substance. By Analytical Targets Bioanalytical chemistry Material analysis Chemical analysis Environmental analysis Forensics By Analytical Methods Traditional : Titration & Gravimetric analysis Spectroscopy: Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry Mass Spectrometry thermogravimetric analysis Separation process : such as Chromatography and Electrophoresis Crystallography Microscopy Electrochemistry Complete List and List of materials analysis methods or Combinations of the above techniques produce "hybrid" or "hyphenated" techniques : LC-MS (or HPLC-MS) HPLC/ESI-MS LC-DAD CE-MS CE-UV GC-MS Applications  Genomics - DNA sequencing and its related research. Genetic fingerprinting and DNA microarray are very popular tools and research fields. Proteomics - the analysis of protein concentrations and modifications, especially in response to various stressors, at various developmental stages, or in various parts of the body. Metabolomics - similar to proteomics, but dealing with metabolites. Transcriptomics- mRNA and its associated field Lipidomics - lipids and its associated field Peptidomics - peptides and its associated field Metalomics - similar to proteomics and metabolomics, but dealing with metal concentrations and especially with their binding to proteins and other molecules. ▼ Analytical chemistry ► Analytical reagents ► Analytical standards ► Complexometric indicators ► Crystallography ► Instrumental analysis ► PH indicators ► Redox indicators ► Titration List of materials analysis methods WikiProject Spectroscopy WikiProject Mass Spectrometry Titration Titer Assay Back titration Equivalence point Acid-base titration Amperometric titration Complexometric titration Karl Fischer titration Nonaqueous titration Redox titration PH indicator Thermometric Titration Sørensen formol titration Redox indicator Spectroscopy Absorption cross section Astronomical spectroscopy Atomic spectroscopy Coherent spectroscopy Cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Deep-level transient spectroscopy EPR spectroscopy Gamma spectroscopy Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) Metamerism (color) Rigid rotor Rotational spectroscopy Saturated spectroscopy Scanning tunneling spectroscopy Scattering theory Spectral power distributions Spectral reflectance Spectrophotometry Colorimeter Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Quantification of nucleic acids Spectroscopic notation Vibrational spectroscopy Joseph von Fraunhofer Robert Bunsen Gustav Kirchhoff Chromatography Column chromatography Paper chromatography Thin layer chromatography Gas chromatography Liquid Chromatography high performance liquid chromatography fast protein liquid chromatography Aqueous Normal Phase Chromatography Affinity chromatography Supercritical fluid chromatography Ion exchange chromatography Size exclusion chromatography Reversed-phase chromatography Two-dimensional chromatography Pyrolysis gas chromatography Fast protein liquid chromatography Countercurrent chromatography Aqueous Normal Phase Chromatography Multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) Chromatography in blood processing Electrophoresis Capillary electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis Protein electrophoresis Electrophoretogram Electrophoretic display Electrical mobility Iontophoresis Electrochromatography Isotachophoresis Comet assay Agarose gel electrophoresis Native Gel Electrophoresis Difference gel electrophoresis Dielectrophoresis Protein electrophoresis Serum protein electrophoresis Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis DNA electrophoresis DNA separation by silica adsorption DNA ladder Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism Mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry software Electron spectrometer Atom probe Calutron Helium mass spectrometer Ion attachment mass spectrometry MALDI imaging Membrane introduction mass spectrometry Secondary ionisation Taylor cone Crystallography Atomic packing factor Crystal Crystal engineering Crystal optics Crystal system Crystallite Crystallization processes Crystallographic group Diffraction Dynamical theory of diffraction Electron crystallography Molecular modelling Powder diffraction Symmetry group X-ray crystallography Chemistry Organic chemistry Physical chemistry What are portals? 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