Liège–Bastogne–Liège
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| Race details | |
|---|---|
| Date | Late April |
| Region | Wallonia, Ardennes, Belgium |
| English name | Liège–Bastogne–Liège |
| Local name(s) | Liège–Bastogne–Liège (French) |
| Nickname(s) | La Doyenne ("The Oldest") |
| Discipline | Road |
| Competition | UCI World Tour |
| Type | One-day Classic |
| Organiser | Amaury Sport Organisation |
| Race director | Christian Prudhomme |
| History | |
| First edition | 1892 |
| Editions | 101 (as of 2015) |
| First winner |  Léon Houa (BEL) |
| Most wins | Eddy Merckx (BEL) (5 wins) |
| Most recent |  Alejandro Valverde (ESP) |
Liège–Bastogne–Liège, often called La Doyenne ("The Oldest"),[1][2][3][4] is one of the five Monuments of the European professional road cycling calendar.[5] It is run in the Ardennes region of Belgium, from Liège to Bastogne and back.
Liège–Bastogne–Liège is part of the UCI World Tour competition. It is the concluding race of the Ardennes Classics series, which includes La Flèche Wallonne. Both are organised by Amaury Sport Organisation.
Contents
History
Spa-Bastogne-Spa
Like many of cycling's classics, Liège–Bastogne–Liège was first organized by a newspaper (L'Expresse). Because the paper was published in French, aimed at a French-Belgian audience, the route has always stayed in the southern, French-speaking part of Belgium.[6]
The race had its first running for amateurs in 1892, from Spa to Bastogne and back, over a 250 km distance.[2] As bicycles were expensive in the late 19th century, cycling was considered an exclusive sport for the wealthy, and the event was considered a "gentlemen's affair". 33 riders from the Liège cycling union and the Pesant Club Liégois, all Belgians and most of them from Liège, took the start. Only 17 finished. The course halfway turn point was the train station in Bastogne, chosen because of its convenience for race officials. Some tired riders abandoned the race in Bastogne and took the train back to Spa.[6] Léon Houa, a Liège native, won the race after 10 hours and 48 minutes on the bike. The second-place finisher, Léon Lhoest, came in at 22 minutes, the third, Louis Rasquinet, at 44 minutes.[7] Riders kept arriving for another five hours.
Houa won again the next year, over the same course, this time by a margin of a half hour. In 1894 the first race for professionals was held, and the average speed rose from 23.3 km/h (14.5 mph) to 25 km/h (16 mph). Houa concluded his third win, by seven minutes over Rasquinet. Frenchman Maurice Garin, who would later become the first winner of the Tour de France, finished fourth. After the inaugural three editions, the race was not organized for another 14 years, after which it was sometimes open only to amateurs and semi-professionals.
The race was resumed in 1908, with a start and finish in Liège for the first time. It was won by Frenchman André Trousselier. In 1909 the winner, Eugène Charlier, was disqualified because he had changed bikes. Victor Fastre was declared winner.[7] The event was cancelled during World War I but resumed in 1919. The race was mainly won by Belgians, but started to attract more riders from Flanders, the bike-crazed northern part of Belgium, who began to dominate the event. Fleming Alfons Schepers gained three victories in the Interwar period.
Ardennes Classic
Liège–Bastogne–Liège had some interruptions during World War II, but was again a calendar-fixture as from 1945 and began to attract some of the stars of European cycling. In 1951 the race was added to the Challenge Desgrange-Colombo, the competition that combined cycling's greatest races at the time. Swiss Ferdi Kübler won the race in 1951 and 1952. Belgian favourite Raymond Impanis became the race's eternal runner-up, with four second places but never a victory.
In the late 1950s Fred De Bruyne won the race three times in his first three participations, equalling the former record of Houa and Schepers. In 1957 two riders were declared winner. Germain Derijcke was first over the finish line, but he had crossed a closed trainrail crossing. Derijcke had won by a three-minute lead and judges felt he had not gained that much time from illegally crossing the railway, thereby not disqualifying him. Officials compromised to promote second-place rider Frans Schoubben to first as well.[8] In 1959 Liège–Bastogne–Liège became part of the Super Prestige, successor of the Desgrange-Colombo competition and early precursor of the UCI World Tour, making the Ardennes Classic one of the main cycling events of the year.
In 1969 began the era of cycling icon Eddy Merckx, who gained five victories, three of which consecutive, and a total of seven podium finishes. In 1971 the race was run in appalling conditions, with snow and cold ravaging the peloton. Merckx gained one of his most memorable victories. The Belgian attacked solo at 92 kilometers from the finish and soon had a five-minute advantage over his pursuiters. In a rare display, he suffered a sudden fatigue near the end and was joined by Georges Pintens. Pintens failed to distance a tired Merckx, and Merckx managed to outsprint his fellow Belgian to his second victory in the classic.[9] In 1972 the finish moved to Verviers, 15 km from Liège, but because of fans' protest, this was a one-year occasion. The edition was again won by Merckx. In 1975 The Cannibal sealed his fifth and final victory, making him the sole record-holder of La Doyenne.
French cycling greatness Bernard Hinault won the race twice, both times in harrowing weather conditions. In 1977 Hinault made a late escape from a six-strong group including a faltering Eddy Merckx; three years later he won the epic contest of 1980 under torrential snowfall (see below).[10]
In the 1980s, Italian classics specialist Moreno Argentin won the race four times, narrowly missing Merckx' record. Argentin also gained three victories in the sister classic La Flèche Wallonne, earning him the title of King of the Ardennes in his day.
Finish in Ans
In 1990 the Pesant Club Liégeois partnered with the Société du Tour de France, the organizer of cycling's flagships the Tour de France and Paris–Roubaix.[11] The partnership led to a more professional organization, resulting in a complete overhauling of the race course: the start and finish moved to different locations in Liège and five new climbs were included.[12]
In the late 1990s Italians Michele Bartoli and Paolo Bettini continued a tradition of Italian victories in La Doyenne, with two wins each. In 1997 Bartoli and Laurent Jalabert made a decisive breakaway on the climb of La Redoute, 40 km from the finish. Both riders worked together and Bartoli broke away from the Frenchman on the steep slopes in the final kilomter of the race. Jalabert, a specialist of the Ardennes races, finished second two years in a row but failed to win the Doyenne. In 1999 Bartoli sought a third consecutive win, but his effort was thwarted by young Belgian Frank vandenbroucke who controlled the race and stunned followers with his victory.[13]
In 2005 Kazakh Alexander Vinokourov and German Jens Voigt broke away from the peloton 80 km from the end. Although the escape seemed unlikely to stay away in modern cycling, the two riders made it to the finish ahead of the peloton, with Vinokourov beating Voigt in the sprint.[14][15]
Other memorable editions were the races of 2009 and 2010. In 2009 young Luxembourger Andy Schleck produced a solo breakaway to beat a strong field and win the race.[16] In 2010 Alexander Vinokourov concluded his second victory by outsprinting his breakaway companion Alexander Kolobnev.[17] The victory was controversial, not only because Vinokourov had recently returned to cycling after a doping ban, but also because it was suggested he had 'bought' the victory: Swiss magazine L'Illustré published e-mail correspondence between the winner and runner-up that suggests Vinokourov paid Kolobnev €100,000 not to contest the final sprint. Both riders were later charged with bribery by Belgian authorities.[18][19]
In recent years Spanish allrounder Alejandro Valverde won three times, all three sprint-victories of a select group at the finish. Valverde's third win in 2015 was also his seventh podium finish in La Doyenne, equalizing the total of Eddy Merckx.
Route
The route of Liège–Bastogne–Liège crosses the two eastern Walloon provinces, Liège (province) and Luxembourg, from north to south and back north. Its distance is more or less fixed at 250–260 km. The race starts in the center of Liège, after which the course follows a straightforward 95 km (59 mi) route southwards to Bastogne, and a winding 163 km (101 mi) route back to Liège. The second half contains most of the climbs, such as the Stockeu, Haute-Levée, La Redoute, and Saint-Nicolas before finishing in the Liège suburb of Ans. The many hills offer opportunities to attack.
Until 1991 the race finished in Liège's city center, with a flat run-in to the finish. In 1992 the finish moved to the industrial suburb of Ans, on the northwestern side of the city. The steep Côte de Saint Nicolas was added to the final kilometres, along with a final climb to the finish in Ans.[20] This implied profound changes to the character of the race, as climbers with a strong uphill-sprint in recent years often wait until the final stretches to launch their ultimate attack.
The most famous hill is probably the Côte de La Redoute, the 2.1 km climb in Aywaille at an average gradient of 8.4% with slopes of over 20%. For a long time in the 1980s and 1990s La Redoute, at ca. 40 km from the finish, was the breaking point of the race and often the place where decisive breakaways were launched. In recent years the climb seems to have lost that particular role, as many riders are able to keep up with the pace on the climb and race favourites often wait until the last stages of the race to make a break.
As in many cycling races, the decisive stretches have evolved towards the final climbs of the day. The Côte de Saint-Nicolas is the last categorized climb of the race, with the top at 6 km from the finish in Ans. It is a precipitous and atypical climb because it is not part of the forested hills in the Ardennes, but located in the middle of the industrial suburbs of Liège along the Meuse river. Because of the composition of its immigrant population, and the many Italian flags hanging out the windows, Saint-Nicolas is also nicknamed the "Italian hill".
Since 1992 the route usually has some minor changes every year, with some climbs being skipped and others included, but the traditional finale containing the Côte de La Redoute, Roche-aux-Faucons and Saint Nicolas has remained a fixture for the last 25 odd years. In the final 15 km of the race, the course makes a remarkable transition from the meadowy and agrarian landscapes in the Ardennes to the post-industrial scenery of Liège.
Climbs
Course changes are frequent from year to year. Climbs are sometimes cut or others included. These are the climbs in recent editions:[21]
| km mark | Name | Distance | Slope |
|---|---|---|---|
| 57.7 | Côte de Ny' | 1.8 km | 5.7% |
| 82.0 | Côte de la Roche-en-Ardenne | 2.8 km | 4.9% |
| 128.0 | Côte de Saint-Roch | 0.8 km | 12.0% |
| 172.0 | Côte de Wanne | 2.7 km | 7.0% |
| 178.5 | Côte de Stockeu | 1.1 km | 10.5% |
| 184.0 | Côte de la Haute-Levée | 3.4 km | 6.0% |
| 196.5 | Côte du Rosier | 4.0 km | 5.9% |
| 209.0 | Côte de la Vecquée | 3.1 km | 5.9% |
| 226.5 | Côte de la Redoute | 2.1 km | 8.4% |
| 241.5 | Côte de la Roche aux Faucons | 1.5 km | 9.9% |
| 255.5 | Côte de Saint-Nicolas | 1.0 km | 11.1% |
(Climbs in Liège–Bastogne–Liège 2009)
Race characteristics
Demands
Liège–Bastogne–Liège is one of the most arduous one-day races in the world because of its length and succession of steep climbs. The British magazine Cycling Weekly stated: "In purely physical terms, this is probably the toughest classic: the climbs are long, most of them are pretty steep as well, and they come up with depressing frequency in the final kilometers.[2]
Moreno Argentin said:
- Riders who win in Liège are what we call fondisti - men with a superior level of stamina. [The climb of] La Redoute is like the Mur de Huy in that it has to be tackled at pace, from the front of the peloton. The gradient is about 14 or 15 per cent, and it comes after 220 or 230 kilometers, so you don't have to be a genius to work out how tough it is. I remember that we used to go up with a maximum of 39 x 21 - it's not quite as steep as the Mur de Huy. A lot of riders mistakenly think you should attack on the hardest part, but in reality you hurt people on the slightly flatter section that comes after this.
- Liège is a race of trial by elimination, where it's very unlikely that a breakaway can go clear and decide the race before the final 100 km [62 mi]. You need to be strong and at the same time clever and calculating — in this sense it's a complete test of a cyclist's ability.[22]
Weather
The weather in April is often unpredictable and the race has repeatedly been affected by harsh weather conditions. In 1919, 1957 and 1980 there was severe snowfall.
The 1980 race
The edition of 1980 was exceptionally hard: snow fell from the start and temperatures were near freezing point, leading commentators to call it 'Neige-Bastogne-Neige' (Snow-Bastogne-Snow). Bernard Hinault attacked with 80 km (50 mi) to go and finished nearly 10 minutes ahead.
A feature published by the British magazine, Procycling in 2000, described the infamous race:
- A cold wind that blew across Belgium brought snow flakes and then a heavy fall within moments of the race starting. (...) Riders struggled on, with hands to faces to keep a view of the road. The race was an anonymous mass of plastic jackets and windcheaters. Spectators stood in goggles like upmarket snowmen, red-faced in the bitterness. Within the hour some teams had barely a man left on the road. They pulled out two dozen at a time, men like Gibi Baronchelli and Giuseppe Saronni, Lucien Van Impe and Jean-René Bernaudeau.[8]
Bernard Hinault, the winner, was one of just 21 riders to finish the race of 174 starters. It took three weeks for proper movement to return to two fingers of his right hand.[8]
The Ardennes Classics
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Liège-Bastogne-Liège is the concluding race of the Ardennes Classics series, which includes La Flèche Wallonne. Both are organised by ASO.
The Flèche Wallonne ("Walloon Arrow"), although younger than Liège–Bastogne–Liège, was longtime considered the more prestigious event of the two Ardennes Classics, showing how prestige and importance of a race can sometimes change over time. At one time, Flèche Wallonne and Liège–Bastogne–Liège were run on successive days known as Le Weekend Ardennais, with Liège–Bastogne–Liège organized on Saturday and the Flèche Wallonne on Sunday.
Only seven riders have won both races in the same year: Swiss Ferdi Kübler twice (in 1951 and 1952), Spaniard Alejandro Valverde twice (2006 & 2015), Belgians Stan Ockers (1955), Eddy Merckx (1972), and Philippe Gilbert (2011) and Italians Moreno Argentin (1991) and Davide Rebellin (2004).
In 2011 Belgian Philippe Gilbert won Liège–Bastogne–Liège, completing a unique streak of classics victories in a span of ten days. Gilbert had previously won the Brabantse Pijl, Amstel Gold Race and La Flèche Wallonne, thus achieving a historic quadruple of victories in the hilly classics of April. Gilbert beat Luxembourg brothers Fränck and Andy Schleck in a sprint of three.[23]
Winners
Multiple winners
Still active riders are in italic.
| Wins | Rider | Country | Years |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | Eddy Merckx | Belgium |
1969, 1971–1973, 1975 |
| 4 | Moreno Argentin |  Italy |
1985–1987, 1991 |
| 3 | Léon Houa | Belgium |
1892–1894 |
| Alfons Schepers | Belgium |
1929, 1931, 1935 | |
| Fred De Bruyne | Belgium |
1956, 1958–1959 | |
| Alejandro Valverde | Spain |
2006, 2008, 2015 | |
| 2 | Louis Mottiat | Belgium |
1921–1922 |
| René Vermandel | Belgium |
1923–1924 | |
| Richard Depoorter | Belgium |
1943, 1947 | |
| Prosper Depredomme | Belgium |
1946, 1950 | |
| Ferdi Kübler |  Switzerland |
1951–1952 | |
| Joseph Bruyère | Belgium |
1976, 1978 | |
| Bernard Hinault |  France |
1977, 1980 | |
| Seán Kelly |  Ireland |
1984, 1989 | |
| Michele Bartoli | Italy |
1997–1998 | |
| Paolo Bettini | Italy |
2000, 2002 | |
| Alexander Vinokourov |  Kazakhstan |
2005, 2010 |
Winners by nationality
There have been 101 editions as of 2015.
| Wins | Country |
|---|---|
| 59 | Belgium |
| 12 | Italy |
| 6 | Switzerland |
| 5 | France |
| 3 |  Netherlands Ireland Kazakhstan Spain |
| 2 |  Germany Luxembourg |
| 1 |  Denmark Russia United States Australia |
References
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- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cycling Weekly, UK, 13 March 1993
- ↑ Cycling Weekly, UK, 7 March 1992
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The title "monument" has no official significance; it is often used by the French daily, L'Équipe, to indicate a race's unchanging place on the calendar but the term has become more widespread because of television commentaries, especially in the USA
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cycling Weekly, UK, 13 April 2002
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Procycling, UK, May 2000
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- ↑ Procycling, UK, March 2001
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liège–Bastogne–Liège. |
- Official website
- Liège–Bastogne–Liège Palmares at Cycling ArchivesLua error in Module:WikidataCheck at line 28: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- Articles with French-language external links
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- Recurring sporting events established in 1892
- 1892 establishments in Belgium
- Classic cycle races
- Cycle races in Belgium
- UCI ProTour races
- UCI Road World Cup races
- UCI World Tour races
- Annual sporting events in Belgium
- Sport in Liège (province)
- Sport in Luxembourg (Belgium)
- Sport in Liège
- Ans
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