José Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba

José Álvarez de Toledo
Duke of Alba, Marquis of Villafranca (etc...)
The Duke of Alba by Francisco de Goya, 1795
Spouse(s)	María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva Alvarez de Toledo, 13th Duchess of Alba
Issue María de la Luz (Adopted)
Full name José María del Carmen Francisco Manuel Joaquín Pedro Juan Andrés Avelino Cayetano Venancio Francisco de Paula Gonzaga Javier Ramón Blas Tadeo Vicente Sebastián Rafael Melchior Gaspar Baltasar Luis Pedro de Alcántara Buenaventura Diego Andrés Apostol Isidro
Noble family	House of Toledo
Born	(1756-07-16)16 July 1756 Madrid, Spain
Died	Seville, Andalusia, Spain

Don José Álvarez de Toledo Osorio y Gonzaga, 11th Marquis of Villafranca, Grandee of Spain, jure uxoris Duke of Alba de Tormes, Grandee of Spain (16 July 1756 – 9 June 1796) was a patron of the artist Francisco Goya.

Biography

Álvarez de Toledo was born in 1756 in Madrid. He became chamberlain, at thirteen, to King Charles IV of Spain. He, originally Marquess of Villafranca, married his kinswoman Doña María del Pilar Teresa Cayetana de Silva y Álvarez de Toledo, 13th Duchess of Alba, who was the legendary "Duchess of Alba" in Goya's paintings, thus becoming de jure uxoris Duke of Alba. Their marriage made them the wealthiest couple in the kingdom; they competed against the Osuna family. A year after his marriage, he inherited the dukedom of Medina-Sidonia and joined two of the most important Houses of the Spanish nobility.

The failed attempt of his friend Alejandro Malaspina to oust Queen María Luisa's favourite Manuel de Godoy in favour of the Duke of Alba put an early end to the political career of the progressive aristocrat.

In 1796, Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga died on 9 June in Seville.

In a famous portrait by Goya, the duke is clad in elegant riding clothes. With an air of melancholy he looks up from the music book he is holding in his hands, including the "Four songs/with piano accompaniment/by Mr. Haydn". The duke commissioned several works from Joseph Haydn and was a gifted musician himself. In his painting, Goya subtly combines the symbols of his model's passion for music and equestrian skills (viola or violin, riding boots and riding hat) with the neoclassical interior of the ducal residence.

• María Antonia Gonzaga by Goya.jpg

  María Antonia Gonzaga, his mother.

• Goya alba2.jpg

  María del Pilar de Silva, Duchess of Alba, his wife.

• 14th Duke of Medina Sidonia.jpg

  The 14th Duke of Medina Sidonia, his cousin and predecessor.

• 16th Duke of Medina Sidonia by Goya.jpg

  The 12th Marquis of Villafranca, his brother and successor.

Ancestry

Family of José Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba

16. Fadrique de Toledo Osorio, 7th Marquis of Villafranca               8. José Fadrique de Toledo Osorio, 8th Marquis of Villafranca                       17. María Manuela Fernández de Córdoba y Pimentel               4. Fadrique Vicente de Toledo Osorio, 9th Marquis of Villafranca                             18. Fernando Moncada de Aragón, 8th Duke of Montalto               9. Catalina Moncada de Aragón, 9th Duchess of Montalto                       19. María Teresa Fajardo, 6th Marquise of los Vélez               2. Antonio Álvarez de Toledo, 10th Marquis of Villafranca                                   20. Juan Claros Pérez de Guzmán, 11th Duke of Medina Sidonia               10. Manuel Pérez de Guzmán, 12th Duke of Medina Sidonia                       21. María Teresa Pimentel y Benavides               5. Juana Pérez de Guzmán y Silva                             22. Gregorio de Silva, 9th Duke of the Infantado (es)               11. Luisa María de Silva y Haro                       23. María de Haro y Fernández de Córdoba               1. José María Álvarez de Toledo, 15th Duke of Medina Sidonia                                         24. Carlo Gonzaga, 2nd Prince of Castiglione               12. Ferdinando Gonzaga, 3rd Prince of Castiglione                       25. Isabella Lelio Martinengo               6. Francesco Gonzaga, 1st Duke of Solferino                             26. Alexander II Pico, Duke of Mirandola               13. Princess Laura Picco della Mirandola                       27. Princess Anna Beatrice d'Este of Modena               3. Princess Maria Antonia Gonzaga                                   28. Marino Caracciolo, 4th Prince of Santo Buono               14. Carmine Caracciolo, 5th Prince of Santo Buono                       29. Giovanna Caracciolo di Torella               7. Giulia Caracciolo di Santo Buono                             30. Francesco Ruffo, 4th Duke of Bagnara               15. Giovanna Ruffo di Bagnara                       31. Giovanna Lanza

Titles and styles

Titles

• 15th Duke of Medina Sidonia, Grandee of Spain
• 11th Marquis of Villafranca del Bierzo, Grandee of Spain
• 11th Marquis of los Vélez, Grandee of Spain
• 11th Duke of Montalto, Grandee of Spain
• 10th Duke of Bivona
• 8th Duke of Fernandina
• 8th Prince of Montalbán
• 14th Marquis of Molina
• 13th Marquis of Cazaza in Africa
• 8th Marquis of Martorell
• 6th Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza
• 22nd Count of Niebla
• 18th Count of Caltabellotta
• 17th Count of Adernò
• 17th Count of Golisano

Styles

• The Most Excellent The Duke of Fernandina (1756–1773)
• The Most Excellent The Marquis of Villafranca (1773–1776)
• The Most Excellent The Duke of Alba (1776–1779)

Spanish nobility
Preceded by Antonio Álvarez de Toledo	Duke of Fernandina 1756-1796	Succeeded by Francisco de Borja Álvarez de Toledo
	Marquis of Villafranca 1773-1796
Preceded by Pedro de Alcántara Alonso Pérez de Guzmán	Duke of Medina Sidonia 1779-1796
Vacant Title last held by María Teresa de Haro as Duchess of Alba	Duke consort of Alba 1776-1796	Vacant Title next held by Rosalia Ventimiglia as Duchess of Alba