The chart below shows how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Kurdish pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. The pronunciation is based primarily on Northern Kurdish, Central Kurdish and Southern Kurdish.
Consonants
IPA |
Latin letter |
Arabic letter |
Examples |
English approximation |
b |
b |
ب |
bira |
brother |
d͡ʒ |
c |
ج |
cerg |
joy |
t͡ʃ |
ç |
چ |
çav |
church |
d |
d |
د |
derga |
door |
f |
f |
ف |
firya |
family |
ɡ |
g |
گ |
gerdûn |
good |
h |
h |
ھ |
hermê |
house |
ʒ |
j |
ژ |
jûr |
pleasure |
k |
k |
ک |
kar |
kind |
l |
l |
ل |
lîmo |
lemon |
ɫ [1] |
ll, ł |
ڵ |
dił |
bull |
m |
m |
م |
mêr |
mother |
n |
n |
ن |
nîsk |
node |
ŋ [2] |
ng, ň |
|
maň |
long |
p |
p |
پ |
pepûle |
policy |
q |
q |
ق |
qazî |
No English equivalent |
ɾ [3] |
r |
ر |
karwan |
better in American English |
r [4] |
rr, ř |
ڕ |
piř |
No English equivalent; trill r as Spanish perro |
s |
s |
س |
sard |
cinema |
ʃ |
ş |
ش |
şîn |
sheep |
t |
t |
ت |
taze |
tea |
v |
v |
ڤ |
viyan |
vote |
w |
w |
و |
werz |
web |
x |
x |
خ |
xeyall |
loch in Scottish English |
j |
y |
ی |
yar |
year |
z |
z |
ز |
zîrek |
zoo |
Vowels
IPA |
Latin letter |
Arabic letter |
Examples |
English approximation |
aː ~ ɑː [5] |
a |
ا |
masî / ar |
hat / lava |
ɛ ~ a [6] |
e |
ە |
berx / esp |
bed / guide |
eː [7] |
ê |
ێ |
bêdeng |
beer |
ɪ |
i |
|
Kurdistan |
hill |
iː |
î |
ی |
bîr |
see |
o [8] |
o |
ۆ |
roj |
oracle |
ʏ̫ː [9] |
ö |
|
xö |
No English equivalent |
u |
u |
و |
gulan |
nuke |
uː |
û |
وو |
sûr |
root |
yː [10] |
ü |
ۊ |
kü |
choose in Scottish English |
Non-Native Consonants
IPA |
Latin letter |
Arabic letter |
Examples |
English approximation |
ħ |
ḥ |
ح |
ḥerf |
No English equivalent |
ʕ |
ʿ |
ع |
ʿezîz |
No English equivalent |
ɣ |
gh, ǧ |
غ |
ghesem |
No English equivalent |
|
See also
Notes
- ↑ Does not occur word-initially
- ↑ Used around the dialects that exists in Silêmanî, Seqiz, Sine and other areas. Others pronounce it like a normal [n] along with the letter [g] instead of a velar [ŋ], e.g. maň/mang.
- ↑ Does not occur word-initially
- ↑ All word-initial r’s are trilled, no matter how they are written.
- ↑ In Southern Kurdish pronunciation, it is a back [ɑː] instead of a front [aː].
- ↑ In Southern Kurdish pronunciation, it is a back [ɑ] instead of a mid front [ɛ].
- ↑ Does not exist in some Southern Kurdish sub-dialect pronunciation.
- ↑ Does not exist in some Southern Kurdish sub-dialect pronunciation.
- ↑ Exists mostly in Jafi pronunciation.
- ↑ Exists mostly in Southern Kurdish pronunciation.
External links
http://www.kurdishacademy.org/?q=node/3