Dipteryx alata
| Dipteryx alata | |
|---|---|
| File:Cumaru.JPG | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
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D. alata
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| Binomial name | |
| Dipteryx alata |
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| Synonyms | |
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Coumarouna alata (Vogel) Taub. |
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Dipteryx alata (Baru) is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. It is a large tree, usually referred to as "Baruzeiro" (Baru tree) in Portuguese and its fruits or almond-like beans are known as Baru. Other names besides Baru are Cumaru, Cumbaru, Barujo, Coco-feijão, Cumarurana, Emburena-brava, Feijão-coco, and Pau-cumaru.
It is found only in the Cerrado region of Brazil, and the Chiquitano region of eastern Bolivia, and is threatened by habitat loss. Historically it has been used as lumber, for charcoal production and for shade in pastures. The fruits are used as feed for cattle bovine and are also an important food source for small mammals, rodents, birds, bats, etc. They are also consumed by people.
The tree can measure up to 25 m in height, 0.7 m in diameter and have a useful lifespan of 60 years. A tree will produce about 150 kg of fruit per harvest.
Its brown fruits are either collected from the ground or picked from the tree when they are almost ripe. A fruit usually weighs 25g of which 30% is pulp, 65% is ligneous endocarp and 5% is seed (bean/almond).
Out of the fruit, the pulp is sweet and can be consumed fresh, but is also used to manufacture jams, jellies, and liquors; the beans (Baru almonds) are rich in flavor and are typically served after being roasted and salted or as a part of any number of dishes including bread, cakes, Pesto sauce and ice cream; additionally the oil extracted from the almonds may be used as a culinary ingredient or in many other varied forms. Baru is rich in proteins, fibers, magnesium, potassium and iron and has a high energy content.
The uses for the Baru fruit can be summarized as[citation needed]:
| Part of the Fruit | Product/Sub-Product | Uses |
|---|---|---|
| Pulp | Pulp in natura | Human food |
| Animal food | ||
| Medicinal/Pharmaceutical | ||
| Dehydrated Pulp | Human food | |
| Animal food | ||
| Medicinal/Pharmaceutical | ||
| Flour | Human food | |
| Alcohol/Liqueur | Human consumption | |
| Medicinal/Pharmaceutical | ||
| Cosmetics | ||
| Industrial | ||
| Residues | Farming (organic fertilizer) | |
| Almond | Raw almond | Human food |
| Animal food | ||
| Medicinal/Pharmaceutical | ||
| Agricultural (seeding) | ||
| Roasted Almond | Human Food | |
| Flour | Human Food | |
| Milk | Human Food | |
| Oil | Human food | |
| Medicinal/Pharmaceutical | ||
| Cosmetics | ||
| Industrial | ||
| Cake | Human food | |
| Medicinal/Pharmaceutical | ||
| Cosmetics | ||
| Industrial | ||
| Paste/Butter | Human food | |
| Ligneous endocarp | Charcoal | Fuel |
| Pyroligneous acid and tar | Industrial | |
| Ligneous Endocarp | Artisanry |
Additionally[citation needed]:
| Per 100 g | |
|---|---|
| Protein | 23.9 g |
| Total fat | 38.2 g |
| Saturated fat | 7.18 g |
| Unsaturated fat | 31.02 g |
| Total fiber | 13.4 g |
| Carbohydrates | 15.8 g |
| Calcium | 140 mg |
| Potassium | 827 mg |
| Phosphorus | 358 mg |
| Magnesium | 178 mg |
| Copper | 1.45 mg |
| Iron | 4.24 mg |
| Manganese | 4.9 mg |
| Zinc | 4.1 mg |
| Calories | 502 |
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Source
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Dipteryx alata. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.blavla Downloaded on 10 July 2007.
See also
Portuguese Wikipedia article on Baru
