Apolipoprotein D
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Apolipoprotein D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOD gene.[1][2][3] Unlike other lipoproteins, which are mainly produced in the liver, apolipoprotein D is mainly produced in the brain and testes.[4]
Function
Apolipoprotein D (Apo-D) is a component of high-density lipoprotein that has no marked similarity to other apolipoprotein sequences. It has a high degree of homology to plasma retinol-binding protein and other members of the alpha 2 microglobulin protein superfamily of carrier proteins, also known as lipocalins. It is a glycoprotein of estimated molecular weight 33 KDa. Apo-D is closely associated with the enzyme lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase - an enzyme involved in lipoprotein metabolism.[3]ApoD has also been shown to be an important link in the transient interaction between HDL and LDL particles and between HDL particles and cells.[5]
Clinical significance
APOD is a biomarker of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS). APOD is an androgen up-regulated gene in normal scrotal fibroblast cells in comparison to CAIS labia majora cells.[6]
APOD is associated with neurological disorders and nerve injury, especially related to myelin sheath. APOD was shown to be elevated in a rat model of stroke.[4] APOD is elevated in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and Alzheimer's disease.[4]
References
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Further reading
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External links
- Apolipoproteins D at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Applied Research on Apolipoproteins
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