Ajoene
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Identifiers | |
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92285-01-3 ![]() |
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ChEMBL | ChEMBL122890 ![]() |
ChemSpider | 4533332 ![]() |
Jmol 3D model | Interactive image |
PubChem | 5386591 |
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Properties | |
C9H14OS3 | |
Molar mass | 234.4 g/mol |
Vapor pressure | {{{value}}} |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references | |
Ajoene /ˈɑːhoʊ.iːn/ is an organosulfur compound found in garlic (Allium sativum). It is a colorless liquid that contains sulfoxide and disulfide functional groups. The name (and pronunciation) is derived from "ajo", the Spanish word for garlic. It is found as a mixture of up to four isomers, which differ in terms of the stereochemistry of central alkene (E- vs Z-) and the chirality of the sulfoxide.
History and biosynthesis
It was first isolated in 1983 by Rafael Apitz-Castro and Mahendra K. Jain (patent US4665088 [1][2]) Its basic organic chemistry has been extensively investigated.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Ajoene is formed from a chemical reaction involving two allicin molecules. The release of allicin occurs when a garlic clove is crushed or finely chopped. Subsequent formation of ajoene occurs when allicin is dissolved in various solvents including edible oils.[further explanation needed] Ajoene is also found in garlic extract. Ajoene is most stable and most abundant in macerate of garlic (chopped garlic in edible oil).
![](/w/images/thumb/a/af/R-allicin-2D-skeletal.png/220px-R-allicin-2D-skeletal.png)
Medicinal properties
Ajoene has medicinal uses. It functions as an antioxidant by inhibiting the release of superoxide. Ajoene also has antithrombotic (anti-clotting) properties, which helps prevent platelets in the blood from forming blood clots, potentially reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke in humans. Ajoene has shown potential virucidal properties against a number of viruses including vesicular stomatitis, vaccinia, human rhinovirus parainfluenza, and herpes simplex. In the infected cell system of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is shown to block the integrin-dependent processes.[7][8] Ajoene has broad-spectrum antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) properties,[9][10] Ajoene has been investigated as an anti-leukemia agent for acute myeloid leukemia therapy.[11] Ajoene has been found to decrease basal-cell carcinoma tumor size by inducing apoptosis[12] while it has also been shown effective in inhibiting tumor cell growth by targeting the microtubule cytoskeleton of such cells and by other mechanisms.[13] Ajoene inhibits genes controlled by quorum sensing.[14]
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References
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- Organic disulfides