Yahrzeit candle

Memorial candle that burns up to 26 hours

A yahrzeit candle lit in memory of a loved one on the anniversary (the "yahrtzeit") of the death

Special yellow Yizkor candle for Yom HaShoah

An electrical memorial candle with Hebrew inscription

A yahrzeit candle beside a grave, inside a box designed to protect the candle from the wind.

A yahrzeit candle on a grave, inside a box designed to protect the candle from the wind.

A yahrzeit candle also spelled yahrtzeit candle or called a memorial candle (Hebrew: נר נשמה‎, ner neshama, meaning "soul candle"; Yiddish: יאָרצײַט ליכט‎ yortsayt likht, meaning "anniversary candle") is a type of candle that is lit in memory of the dead in Judaism.

This kind of candle, that burns up to 26 hours, is also lit during the day of Yom Kippur or during Holocaust Remembrance Day ceremony (Yom HaShoah).

History

The use of a yahrzeit candle is a widely practiced custom, where mourners light a yahrzeit candle that burns for 24 hours, on the anniversary of the death on the Hebrew calendar. The word "yahrzeit" (Yiddish: יאָרצײַט‎ yortsayt ) itself means "anniversary" (or more specifically "anniversary [of a person's death]") in Yiddish, originating from German Jahr, year, and Zeit, time. It is customary to light the candle inside one's home, or near the grave of the deceased. The candle is also lit on Yom Kippur and there are also customs to light a yahrzeit candle on the dates when yizkor is said (Yom Kippur, Shemini Atzeret, final day of Pesach, and Shavuot). It is also customary to light the candle during the shiva, usually a larger one that lasts the entire seven days. The custom of lighting a yahrzeit candle comes from the Book of Proverbs 20:27 "The soul of man is a candle of the Lord."

The custom of lighting a yahrzeit candle for the deceased is very widespread and deeply ingrained in Jewish life. Many Jews who are otherwise unobservant follow this custom. Today, some people use an electric yahrzeit candle that plugs into the wall instead of an actual candle for safety reasons.

Usage

The yahrzeit candle is lit during the week of Shiva (mourning). It is also lit at sundown on the eve of the yahrzeit (anniversary of the death) and at sundown preceding the start of Yom Kippur and at sundown preceding the last day of Succot, Passover and Shavuot. These holidays all have yizkor (memorial) in synagogue as well. Many observant Jews light Yahrzeit candles at the start of holidays which last for two or three days in order to allow the lighting of candles on other days, since on holidays other Shabbat and Yom Kippur lighting of flames is prohibited, while transfer of fire is permitted. 48 hour and 72 hour candles have also been manufactured for these purposes.

In culture

• After Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated in 1995, the young people who came to mourn Rabin at the Kings of Israel Square where he was killed were dubbed the "Youth of the Candles" (נוער הנרות, noar hanerot) after the many yahrzeit candles they lit.
• Yahrzeit candles are often lit by many Jewish communities on Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) in remembrance of those who were killed in the Holocaust.

Gallery

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  The grave of David Ben-Gurion, the first Prime Minister of Israel, along with his wife. His tomb is covered in yahrzeit candles and stones.

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  The standard Israeli military graves of David Elazar, Jonathan Netanyahu, and others with a yahrzeit candle in a box for each grave.

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  The assassination site of Israeli Prime Minister Yitzchak Rabin. It is usually filled with yahrzeit candles and flowers.

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  Yahrzeit candles and signs entitled "You shall not murder" at a solidarity rally at Rabin Square for the victims of the 2009 Tel Aviv gay centre shooting.

See also

• Bereavement in Judaism
• Lychnapsia

Further reading

• "Jahrzeit Candle", Jewish Encyclopedia, Cyrus Adler and Judah David Eisenstein, 1901-1906