William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg

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William of Winchester
Lord of Lüneburg
William of Winchester.jpg
19th century portrait
Spouse(s) Helena of Denmark
Issue
Noble family House of Welf
Father Henry the Lion
Mother Matilda of England
Born (1184-04-11)11 April 1184
Winchester, England
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Lüneburg, Saxony

William of Winchester (11 April 1184 – 13 December 1213), also called William of Lüneburg (German: Wilhelm von Lüneburg) or William Longsword,[1] a member of the House of Welf, was heir to his family's allodial lands in the Duchy of Saxony after the deposition of his father, Duke Henry the Lion in 1180.

William was the fifth and youngest son of Henry the Lion and Matilda, the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England.[2] He was born in Winchester, England during his father's exile; he probably remained there when Henry returned to Saxony and was raised at King Richard's court.

After his unsuccessful uprising, Henry had submitted to the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1181 and though he had to leave Germany, he could retain the Welf possessions around Lüneburg, Braunschweig, and Haldensleben. He finally reconciled with Frederick's son and successor Emperor Henry VI in 1194 and surrendered his younger sons William and Otto as hostages for the payment of the ransom for the release of their uncle King Richard. William was extradited to Duke Leopold V of Austria and temporarily held in Hungary.

When Henry the Lion died in 1195, William, Otto and their elder brother Henry V inherited his Saxon allods. The Welf brothers entered into an agreement with the Cologne archbishop Adolf of Altena, who in 1198 crowned Otto King of the Romans during the throne quarrel with the Hohenstaufen heir Philip of Swabia. Upon the death of their maternal uncle King Richard in 1199, William and Henry again went to England in order to assert their inheritance claims against their cousin John Lackland, though to no avail.

After the Danish conquest of Holstein in 1201, William met Valdemar, the brother of King Canute VI of Denmark in Hamburg, where he arranged his marriage with the king's sister Helena.[1] Both entered into matrimony in spring 1202, accompanied by the provision of a significant dowry. Their only child was Otto (1204–1252),[1] who inherited his father's property and became the first Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235.

William's hopes to assume the rule in Holstein, however, were disappointed by the Danish court. In May 1202, the Welf brothers met at Paderborn, where they divided their father's heritage. William received the northern territories up to the Danish border around the town of Lüneburg, the territory of Lauenburg beyond the Elbe River, Hitzacker, Lüchow, and Dannenberg, as well as the lands around Haldensleben and in the eastern Harz mountain range including Blankenburg and Heimburg with Regenstein Castle. William concentrated on consolidating his rule, strongly relying on the salt trade around Lüneburg, which became his permanent residence.

Upon William's death in 1213, Otto IV acted as a guardian for his brother's son Otto the Child. As both Otto IV and his brother Henry V died without male heirs, Otto the Child became sole ruler of the Welf possessions and progenitor of all Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Ancestors

Family of William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Welf I, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Judith of Flanders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Henry X, Duke of Bavaria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. Magnus, Duke of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Wulfhilde of Saxony
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Sophia of Hungary
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Henry the Lion
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Gebhard of Supplinburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. Hedwig of Formbach
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Henry of Northeim, Margrave of Frisia
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. Richenza of Northeim
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. Gertrude of Brunswick
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. William of Winchester, Lord of Lüneburg
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. Fulk of Jerusalem
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. Ermengarde, Countess of Maine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Henry II of England
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. Henry I of England
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Matilda of England
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. Matilda of Scotland
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Matilda of England
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. William X, Duke of Aquitaine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Philippa, Countess of Toulouse
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. Eleanor of Aquitaine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. Aimery I de Châtellérault
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Aenor de Châtellerault
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard
 
 
 
 
 
 

References

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