Frederick Whitaker

For the civil engineer, see Frederick Arthur Whitaker.

The Honourable Sir Frederick Whitaker KCMG
File:Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s.jpg Frederick Whitaker, ca 1870s
5th Premier of New Zealand
In office 30 October 1863 – 24 November 1864 21 April 1882 – 25 September 1883
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	George Grey Arthur Hamilton-Gordon William Jervois
Preceded by	Alfred Domett (1863) John Hall (1882)
Succeeded by	Frederick Weld (1864) Harry Atkinson (1883)
Constituency	Legislative Council
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Parnell
In office 1866 – 1867
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Waikato
In office 1876 – 1879
2nd Speaker of the Legislative Council
In office 1855–1856
Preceded by	William Swainson
Succeeded by	Thomas Bartley
1st Attorney-General
In office 7 May 1856 – 20 May 1856
In office 2 June 1856 – 12 July 1861
Personal details
Born	(1812-04-23)23 April 1812 Bampton, Oxfordshire, England
Died	Auckland, New Zealand
Political party	Independent
Spouse(s)	Jane Augusta Griffith (m. 1843; d. 1884)
Relations	Alexander Shepherd (father-in-law)
Children	Eight, including: Frederick Alexander Whitaker
Religion	Anglican

Sir Frederick Whitaker KCMG (23 April 1812 – 4 December 1891) was an English-born New Zealand politician who served twice as the Prime Minister of New Zealand and six times as Attorney-General.

Early life

Whitaker was born at the Deanery Manor House, Bampton, Oxfordshire, England on 23 April 1812, the son of Frederick Whitaker and Susanna Whitaker (née Humfrey). Frederick junior undertook a legal education and became a solicitor and attorney at the age of 27. A year later he sailed to Australia and then New Zealand. He married Jane Augusta Griffith, stepdaughter of Alexander Shepherd (Colonial Treasurer) at St. Paul's Church in Auckland on 4 March 1843.

Whitaker lived in Auckland and was appointed a County Court judge until this position was abolished in 1844, at which time he returned to work as a lawyer. He was appointed to the General Legislative Council on 3 March 1845 until 22 December of that year. He was then appointed to the Legislative Council of New Ulster Province, but that Council had not met when the new Constitution arrived. He transferred to the new Legislative Council on 26 May 1853 and remained a member until his resignation on 19 December 1864. He was again appointed on 8 October 1879 and remained a member until his death 12 years later. He also served as a major in the militia.

He was elected onto the Auckland Provincial Council on 19 October 1854 for the Suburbs of Auckland electorate, and he served until 25 September 1855. He was appointed to the Auckland Executive Council from 14 March 1854 to 22 January 1855 and was the provincial law officer.

Attorney-General

Whitaker became the first Attorney-General of New Zealand in the Sewell Ministry led by Henry Sewell in 1856. He did not serve as Attorney-General in the subsequent Fox Ministry that was in power for a fortnight, but was again appointed to this position in the Stafford Ministry from 2 June 1856 onwards. He served as Attorney-General until the defeat of the Stafford Ministry on 12 July 1861 and went back to the law. In October 1863 Whitaker was called upon to form a government to replace Premier Domett following his defeat at a vote of no-confidence.

First Premiership

Whitaker's term as Premier lasted just over a year until November 1864. His term ended due to differences between himself and Governor Grey over the conduct of the New Zealand Wars. Whitaker also resigned as a member of the Legislative Council. He served briefly as the member of Parliament for Parnell from 1866 to 1867.

In October 1865 he was elected Superintendent of Auckland Province, which office he held until 1867. Then for nine years he stayed away from public office.

Second Premiership

Parliament of New Zealand
Years	Term	Electorate		Party
1866–1867	4th	Parnell		Independent
1876–1879	6th	Waikato		Independent

In 1876 he became MP for Waikato and later Attorney-General again in Atkinson's government; the Atkinson Ministry lasted until October 1877. Whitaker lost his seat in the House in 1879, when he was defeated for Eden. However, when Premier Hall wanted him to serve as Attorney-General again, he was appointed once more to the Legislative Council in 1879. When Hall resigned in April 1882, Whitaker became Premier for the second time, serving until September 1883.

Whitaker was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1884 and served again as Attorney-General, and as leader of the Legislative Council from 1887 to 1890. By then his health was failing, and he died in Auckland on 4 December 1891. He was buried at St Stephen's Cemetery in Parnell.

References

Government offices
Preceded by Alfred Domett	Premier of New Zealand 1863–1864	Succeeded by Frederick Weld
Political offices
Preceded by William Swainson	Speaker of the New Zealand Legislative Council 1855–1856	Succeeded by Thomas Bartley
New office	Attorney-General 1856 1856–1861 1863–1864 1876–1877 1882–1883 1887–1891	Succeeded by William Fox
Preceded by William Fox		Succeeded by William Fox
Preceded by Henry Sewell		Succeeded by Henry Sewell
Preceded by James Prendergast		Succeeded by Robert Stout
Preceded by Robert Stout		Succeeded by Henry Sewell
Preceded by Edward Conolly		Succeeded by Patrick Buckley
Preceded by Robert Graham	Superintendent of Auckland Province 1865–1867	Succeeded by John Williamson
New Zealand Parliament
Preceded by Robert Creighton	Member of Parliament for Parnell 1866–1867	Succeeded by Charles Heaphy
Preceded by William Jackson	Member of Parliament for Waikato 1876–1879	Succeeded by John Blair Whyte