Wayside cross

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File:WEGKREUZ.jpg
Stone wayside cross in Bonn
File:Beinwil Grod.JPG
Wayside cross near Grod, Beinwil (Freiamt), Switzerland

A wayside cross is a cross by a footpath, track or road, at an intersection, along the edge of a field or in a forest. It can be made of wood, stone or metal. Most wayside crosses are designed as crucifixes. Stone crosses may also be conciliation crosses. Often they serve as waymarks for walkers and pilgrims or designate dangerous places.[1] They are particularly common in Europe, for example in Germany, Galicia, Ireland and the Alps.

In Münsterland in north Germany, crosses called Hofkreuze ("farmyard crosses") may be found. They belong to farms and usually stand by a public right of way near the farm entrance. Votive crosses are erected by people in gratitude for being rescued from death, such as war, sickness, infection or other life-threatening danger. Other so-called "weather crosses" or "hail crosses" were set up to ward off natural disasters or extreme weather.

Description

Wayside crosses are especially common in Roman Catholic regions. Most of them were erected in previous centuries by the local population as a sign of their faith. Several of them were put up at places where an accident or a crime took places. The custom of placing an "accident cross" at spots on the roadside where people have been killed has, meanwhile, spread worldwide. Special forms of cross are the conciliation cross and the "plague cross". Many wayside crosses, however, simply act as waymarks to indicate difficult or dangerous spots or to mark intersections. On walking maps, wayside crosses and shrines are displayed in order to aid orientation. On many crosses there is an inscription which may indicate why the cross was erected and by whom.

In some regions, wayside crosses are mostly made of wood (e. g. in the Alps). They vary in size from small, inconspicuous crosses to great crosses hewn from stout beams. On many crosses, a skillfully carved figure of Jesus Christ is displayed. In many cases, when a wooden cross became rotten or dilapidated over the decades, it was restored or replaced with a new one on the same spot.

In many regions of Europe, wayside crosses are made of stone, however, and consequently last much longer. That said, many such stone crosses in the Rhineland region of Germany were lost during French occupation (1794–1814), because wayside crosses were banned in the wake of the strict secularisation that was imposed. Only a few crosses were able to be hidden by the local population and thus avoid destruction. Originally these stone crosses were short and stocky in shape and, with a height of about half a metre, considerably smaller than their wooden counterparts. In the 19th century (at least in the Rhineland) much larger stone crosses were put up.

By the North Loop of the Nürburgring racing circuit in Germany a centuries-old stone cross there was called the Schwedenkreuz ("Swedish Cross").

Gallery

  • Various wayside crosses
  • Wegekreuz zwischen Marburg-Bauerbach und Marburg-Schröck an der K35.JPG

    Wayside cross between Marburg-Bauerbach and Marburg-Schröck by the K35

  • Wegkreuz - Salten - South Tyrol.jpg

    Wayside cross on the Salten in Vöran, South Tyrol

  • Neualbenreuth Flurkreuz.jpg

    Oberpfälzisches wayside cross near Neualbenreuth made of stone and metal

  • Wegkreuz (Ausschnitt).jpg

    Wooden wayside cross between Olching and Gröbenzell (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.)

  • Wegkreuz St Kilian Oftersheim.JPG

    Wayside cross by the Catholic church of St. Kilian in Oftersheim

  • WegkreuzGaißach.JPG

    Bavarian marterl near Gaißach in the Isarwinkel

  • Heimberg wegkreuz.jpg

    Simple stone cross near Heimberg in Main-Tauber-Kreis

  • WegKreuzOrsbachFinkenhag.jpg

    Wooden wayside cross near Aachen

  • Wegekreuz.JPG

    Wayside cross in Oberbergischen Land

  • Steinernes Wegkreuz.jpg

    Stone wayside cross in Baden-Baden

  • Castro Barbudo, calvario.JPG

    Calvary at Castro Barbudo, Galicia

  • Cruceiro das Trece Cruces, Catoira.jpg

    Cruceiro at Catoira, Galicia

  • Negreira.A Ponte Maceira.Galiza.jpg

    A Ponte Maceira, Negreira, Galicia

  • Pastoriza, Arteixo -Casa Villariza 07.jpg

    A Pastoriza, Arteixo, Galicia

  • Vilanova de Arousa.Galicia.33.jpg

    Vilanova de Arousa, Galicia

  • Guitiriz, S. Pedro de Buriz, Calvario da Graña.JPG

    Cruceiro at Guitiriz, Galicia

  • Cruceiro e ábsida de S. Xoán de Portomarín.JPG

    Cruceiro at Portomarín, Galicia

  • Arma-Christi-Kreuz bei Appertshofen (Stammham).JPG

    Wayside cross with the Arma Christi near Stammham, Eichstätt

List of surviving wayside crosses

Germany

Baden-Württemberg

Hesse

North Rhine-Westphalia

Langenfeld area (Rhineland)
Nörvenich area

Schleswig-Holstein

See also

Literature

  • Ruth Hacker-de Graaff: Wegekreuze im Bonner Raum. Bouvier, Bonn 1991, ISBN 3-416-80671-9 (also: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 1989/90).
  • Andrea Löwer: Kreuze am Straßenrand – Moderne Erinnerungsriten für Verkehrstote, in: Der Tod. Zur Geschichte des Umgangs mit Sterben und Trauer. Ausstellungskatalog des Hessischen Landesmuseums Darmstadt, Volkskundliche Abteilung, ed. by Walter Stolle (Darmstadt 2001) ISBN 3-926527-60-9, pp. 166–171.
  • Georg Jakob Meyer, Klaus Freckmann: Wegekreuze und Bildstöcke in der Eifel, an der Mosel und im Hunsrück. In: Rheinisch-westfälische Zeitschrift für Volkskunde. Vol. XXIII, 1977, pp. 226–278.
  • Sigrid Metken (ed.): Die letzte Reise. Sterben, Tod und Trauersitten in Oberbayern. Hugendubel, München 1984, ISBN 3-88034-247-4.
  • Paul Werner: Flurdenkmale. Pannonia-Verlag, Freilassing 1982, ISBN 3-7897-0107-6 (Kleine Pannonia-Reihe 107).

External links

References

  1. ↑ Sakrale Kleinbauten: Flurkreuze / Wegkreuze(PDF; 256KB) Redaktion: ibid Altbau AG, CH-Merkblätter des Bundesamtes für Bevölkerungsschutz, Kulturgüterschutz
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