91st Division (United States)

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91st Infantry Division
91st Infantry Division
91st Infantry Division (Training)
US 91st Infantry Division.svg
91st Infantry Division shoulder sleeve insignia
Active 1917–19
1921–45
1946–2008
2010–present
Country  United States
Branch  United States Army
Type Infantry
Size Division
Garrison/HQ Fort Hunter Liggett[1]
Nickname(s) "Wild West Division"(special designation)[2]
"Powder River"[3]
Engagements World War I

World War II
Website 91st Training Division
Commanders
Current
commander		 BG Jon D. Lee
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia 91 Inf Div DUI.jpg

The 91st Infantry Division (variously nicknamed as the "Pine Tree Division"[4][5] or "Wild West Division"[2]) was a unit of the United States Army that fought in World War I and World War II. From 1946 until 2008, it was a part of the U.S. Army Reserve. It was briefly inactivated from 2008 until 2010 when it was elevated back to a division size element as the 91st Training Division (Operations).[1]

History

World War I and after

Constituted on 5 August 1917 at Camp Lewis, Washington, near Tacoma, the division soon thereafter departed for England in the summer of 1918. In September 1918, the division's first operation was in the St. Mihiel Offensive in France. Serving under the U.S. Army's V Corps, the division fought in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive and successfully helped to destroy the German First Guard Division and continued to smash through three successive enemy lines.[1][6]

Twelve days before the end of World War I, the division, as part of the VII Corps, helped drive the Germans east across the Escaut River. The division was awarded separate campaign streamers for its active role in the Lorraine, Meuse-Argonne and Ypres-Lys campaigns.[1][6]

In 1919, the 91st was inactivated at the Presidio of San Francisco. After being reconstituted in 1921 as part of the Organized Reserves, the division then served as an administrative control center for the next 21 years.[1][6]

The Division was composed of the following units: [7][8][9][10][11]

  • 91 Inf Div DUI.jpg Headquarters, 91st Division
  • 91 Inf Div DUI.jpg Headquarters, 181st Brigade
    • 361st Regiment Distinctive Unit Insignia.jpg 361st Infantry Regiment
    • 362nd Infantry Regiment DUI.jpg 362nd Infantry Regiment
    • 91 Inf Div DUI.jpg 347th Machine Gun Battalion [12]
  • 91 Inf Div DUI.jpg Headquarters, 182nd Brigade
    • 363rd Infantry Regiment
    • 364th Infantry Regiment
    • 348th Machine Gun Battalion
  • 91 Inf Div DUI.jpg 166th Field Artillery Brigade
    • 346th Field Artillery Regiment
    • 347th Field Artillery Regiment
    • 348th Field Artillery Regiment
    • 316th Trench Mortar Battery
  • 91 Inf Div DUI.jpg Divisional Troops
    • 348th Machine Gun Battalion
    • 316th Engineer Regiment
    • 316th Medical Regiment
    • 316th Ordnance Company
    • 91st Division Quartermaster Train

World War II

As the early battles of World War II involving the United States were being fought in 1942, the division was reactivated at Camp White, Oregon. After initial training at Camp White, the division participation in the Oregon Maneuver combat exercise in the fall of 1943.[13][14] Then, the division departed for the European Continent. There, on the Italian Front, the 361st Regimental Combat Team was detached to participate in the battles for Rome and the Arno River. It became the first formation of the U.S. Fifth Army to reach the river. In September 1944, the division crossed the Sieve River, outflanked the famous Gothic Line, and captured the Futa Pass. For its part in combat, the division was awarded the North Apennines, Po Valley and Rome-Arno campaign streamers. The division was inactivated at Camp Rucker, Alabama, in December 1945.[1][6] [15]

World War II statistics

Awards: MH-2 ; DSC-2 ; DSM-1 ; SS-528; LM-33; SM-43 ; BSM-4,152.

Theater:Mediterranean

Casualties: 8,744 (number of killed, wounded in action, captured, and missing)

Days of combat: 271

Campaign(s):

Rome-Arno (22 Jan 44 - 9 Sep 44)

North Apennines (10 Sep 44 - 4 April 45)

Po Valley (5 Apr 45 - 8 May 45)

Army Reserve

In December 1946, the 91st was reactivated at the Presidio of San Francisco as part of the U.S. Army Reserve. In 1959, the division was reorganized and redesignated as the 91st Division (Training). In 1993, the division was again reorganized and redesignated as the 91st Division (Exercise) and again in 1999 as the 91st Division (Training Support).[1][6]

Its previous headquarters were at Parks Reserve Forces Training Area (PRFTA), Dublin, California.[16]

In its 2005 Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommendations, the Department of Defense recommended relocating the 91st Division to Fort Hunter Liggett.[6]

The four brigades of the 91st Division were redesignated as separate brigades:

The 91st Division moved its headquarters to Fort Hunter Liggett on 1 May 2009.[1]

The 91st Division was reorganized and re-designated as the 91st Training Brigade (Operations) on 1 October 2009.[1]

The 91st Training Brigade (Operations) was re-designated as the 91st Training Division (Operations) on 1 October 2010.[1]

Notable members

  • William Borders, Army Catholic Chaplain, was awarded the Bronze Star for Valor, while serving with the 362 Infantry Regiment in bitter fighting in Italy. He later became the Archbishop of Baltimore.
  • Frederick Lippitt, politician and philanthropist.
  • Oscar Franklin Miller, Medal of Honor recipient.
  • Earl Warren, Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court [17]
  • Richard C. Oshlo, as Commanding Officer of the Division's 3rd Battalion, 361st Infantry Regiment, was the youngest Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Army in World War II at the age of 23. He was commanding officer of the 3rd Battalion when it won the Presidential Unit Citation for capturing Livergnano. Later he graduated 1st in his class at the Army's prestigious Command and General Staff College at Ft Leavenworth and was Mayor of Council Bluffs, Iowa, in 1964.

[18]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Story of the Powder River 91st Infantry Division
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ http://www.cgsc.edu/CARL/nafziger/918UKAA.pdf Nafziger collection
  8. ↑ The US Army Order of Battle from 1919-1941 p267
  9. ↑ http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/OrderOfBattle/OrderofBattle2.pdf The US Army Order of Battle from 1919-1941 p866]]
  10. ↑ http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/OrderOfBattle/OrderofBattle3.pdf p1734
  11. ↑ http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/OrderOfBattle/OrderofBattle4.pdf P1959, P2243
  12. ↑ http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073313650;view=1up;seq=10 History of the 347th Machine Gun Battalion, Retrieved 11 October 2015.
  13. ↑ Kramer, George, “Camp White”, The Oregon Encyclopedia, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, 23 October 2010.
  14. ↑ Brogan, Phil F., East of the Cascades (Third Edition), Binford & Mort, Portland, Oregon, 1965, pp. 272–275.
  15. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jt6MVRozp_A 91st Infantry Division Italy 1944 1945
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ White, G. Edward (1982). Earl Warren, a public life. ISBN 0-19-503121-0. By a leading scholar
  18. ↑ Hald, Chris (1994). Camp White Oregon (The 91st Infantry Division). ISBN 0-936738-09-X

External links

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