United States presidential election, 1904

"1904 presidential election" redirects here. For the election in Guatemala, see Guatemalan presidential election, 1904.

United States presidential election, 1904

November 8, 1904
All 476 electoral votes of the Electoral College 239 electoral votes needed to win
Nominee Theodore Roosevelt Alton B. Parker Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Charles W. Fairbanks Henry G. Davis Electoral vote 336 140 States carried 32 13 Popular vote 7,630,457 5,083,880 Percentage 56.4% 37.6%
Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Parker/Davis, Red denotes those won by Roosevelt/Fairbanks. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
President before election Theodore Roosevelt Republican Elected President Theodore Roosevelt Republican

The United States presidential election of 1904 was the 30th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1904. Incumbent President and Republican candidate Theodore Roosevelt, having succeeded to the presidency upon the assassination of William McKinley in September 1901, was elected to a term in his own right. During the election campaign, Republicans emphasized Roosevelt's success in foreign affairs and his record of firmness against monopolies. The nominee of the Democratic Party was Alton B. Parker, Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals. The Democrats argued the Roosevelt Presidency was "arbitrary" and "erratic."

Roosevelt easily defeated Parker, carrying every region in the nation except the South. In doing so he became the first incumbent President to win election to a term in his own right after having ascended to the Presidency (from the Vice-Presidency) upon the death of his predecessor. Since then, Presidents Coolidge (1924), Truman (1948), and Johnson (1964) have done so as well.

Nominations

Republican Party nomination

Main article: 1904 Republican National Convention

Republican candidates:

• 

  President
  Theodore Roosevelt

• 

  Senator Mark Hanna from Ohio (Died February 15, 1904)

Roosevelt/Fairbanks campaign poster

As Republicans convened in Chicago on June 21–23, 1904, President Theodore Roosevelt's nomination was assured. He had effectively maneuvered throughout 1902 and 1903 to gain control of the party to ensure it. A dump-Roosevelt movement had centered on the candidacy of conservative Senator Mark Hanna of Ohio, but Hanna's death in February 1904 had removed this obstacle. Roosevelt's nomination speech was delivered by former governor Frank S. Black of New York and seconded by Senator Albert J. Beveridge of Indiana. Roosevelt was nominated unanimously on the first ballot with 994 votes.

Since conservatives in the Republican Party denounced Theodore Roosevelt as a radical, they were allowed to choose the vice-presidential candidate. Senator Charles W. Fairbanks of Indiana was the obvious choice, since conservatives thought highly of him, yet he managed not to offend the party's more progressive elements. Roosevelt was far from pleased with the idea of Fairbanks for vice-president. He would have preferred Representative Robert R. Hitt of Illinois, but he did not consider the vice-presidential nomination worth a fight. With solid support from New York, Pennsylvania, and Indiana, Fairbanks was easily placed on the 1904 Republican ticket in order to appease the Old Guard.

The Republican platform insisted on maintenance of the protective tariff, called for increased foreign trade, pledged to uphold the gold standard, favored expansion of the merchant marine, promoted a strong navy, and praised in detail Roosevelt's foreign and domestic policy.

Presidential Ballot
Ballot	1st
Theodore Roosevelt	994

Source: US President - R Convention. Our Campaigns. (September 9, 2009).

Vice Presidential Ballot
Ballot	1st
Charles W. Fairbanks	994

Source: US Vice President - R Convention. Our Campaigns. (September 9, 2009).

Democratic Party nomination

Main article: 1904 Democratic National Convention

Democratic candidates:

• 

  Chief Judge
  Alton B. Parker
  from New York
• 

  Representative
  William R. Hearst
  from New York
• 

  Senator
  Francis Cockrell
  from Missouri
• 

  Richard Olney
  from Massachusetts
• 

  William J. Bryan
  from Nebraska
  (Declined - Jan 10)
• 

  Edward C. Wall
  from Wisconsin
• 

  George Gray
  from Delaware
• 

  Representative
  John Sharp Williams
  from Mississippi
• 

  Nelson A. Miles
  from Massachusetts

In 1904, both William Jennings Bryan and former President Grover Cleveland declined to run for president. Since the two Democratic nominees of the past 20 years did not seek the presidential nomination, Alton B. Parker, a Bourbon Democrat from New York, emerged as the frontrunner.

Parker was the Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals and was respected by both Democrats and Republicans in his state. On several occasions, the Republicans paid Parker the honor of running no one against him when he ran for various political positions. Parker refused to work actively for the nomination, but did nothing to restrain his conservative supporters, among them the sachems of Tammany Hall. Former President Grover Cleveland endorsed Parker.

The Democratic Convention that met in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 6–9, 1904, has been called "one of the most exciting and sensational in the history of the Democratic Party." The struggle inside the Democratic Party over the nomination was to prove as contentious as the election itself. Though Parker, out of active politics for twenty years, had neither enemies nor errors to make him unavailable, a bitter battle was waged against Parker by the more liberal wing of the party in the months before the convention.

Despite the fact that Parker had supported Bryan in 1896 and 1900, Bryan hated him for being a Gold Democrat. Bryan wanted the weakest man nominated, one who could not take the control of the party away from him. He denounced Judge Parker as a tool of Wall Street before he was nominated and declared that no self-respecting Democrat could vote for him.

Inheriting Bryan's support was publisher, now congressman, William Randolph Hearst of New York. Hearst owned eight newspapers, all of them friendly to labor, vigorous in their trust-busting activities, fighting the cause of "the people who worked for a living." Because of this liberalism, Hearst had the Illinois delegation pledged to him and the promise of several other states. Although Hearst's newspaper was the only major publication in the East to support William Jennings Bryan and Bimetallism in 1896, he found that his support for Bryan was not reciprocated. Instead, Bryan seconded the nomination of Francis Cockrell.

File:HenryGDavis.png

At 80, Davis was the oldest major party candidate ever nominated for national office.

The prospect of having Hearst for a candidate frightened conservative Democrats so much that they renewed their efforts to get Parker nominated on the first ballot. Parker received 658 votes on the first roll call, 9 short of the necessary two-thirds. Before the result could be announced, 21 more votes were transferred to Parker. As a result, Parker handily won the nomination on the first ballot with 679 votes to 181 for Hearst and the rest scattered.

After Parker's nomination, Bryan charged that it had been dictated by the trusts and secured by "crooked and indefensible methods." Bryan also said that labor had been betrayed in the convention and could look for nothing from the Democratic Party. Indeed, Parker was one of the judges on the New York Court of Appeals who declared the eight-hour law unconstitutional.

Before a vice-president could be nominated, Parker sprang into action when he learned that the Democratic platform pointedly omitted reference to the monetary issue. To make his position clear, Parker, after his nomination, informed the convention by letter that he supported the gold standard. The letter read, "I regard the gold standard as firmly and irrevocably established and shall act accordingly if the action of the convention today shall be ratified by the people. As the platform is silent on the subject, my view should be made known to the convention, and if it is proved to be unsatisfactory to the majority, I request you to decline the nomination for me at once, so that another may be nominated before adjournment."

It was the first time a candidate had made such a move. It was an act of daring that might have lost him the nomination and make him an outcast from the party he had served and believed in all his life.

Parker/Davis campaign poster

Former Senator Henry G. Davis of West Virginia was nominated for vice-president; at 80, he was the oldest major-party candidate ever nominated for national office. Davis had received the nomination because it was believed he could deliver his state for the Democrats. Davis had an honorable career in politics and was also a millionaire mine owner, railroad magnate, and banker.

Parker protested against "the rule of individual caprice," the presidential "usurpation of authority," and the "aggrandizement of personal power." But his more positive proposals were so backward-looking, such as his proposal to let state legislatures and the common law develop a remedy for the trust problem, that the New York World characterized the campaign as a struggle of "conservative and constitutional Democracy against radical and arbitrary Republicanism."

The Democratic platform called for reduction in government expenditures and a congressional investigation of the executive departments "already known to teem with corruption"; condemned monopolies; pledged an end to government contracts with companies violating antitrust laws; opposed imperialism; insisted upon independence for the Philippines; and opposed the protective tariff. It favored strict enforcement of the eight-hour work day; construction of a Panama Canal; the direct election of senators; statehood for the Western territories; the extermination of polygamy; reciprocal trade agreements; cuts in the army; and enforcement of the civil service laws. It condemned the Roosevelt administration in general as "spasmodic, erratic, sensational, spectacular, and arbitrary."

The Balloting

Presidential Ballot	1st (Before Shifts)	1st (After Shifts)	Unanimous	Vice Presidential Ballot	1st	Unanimous
Alton B. Parker	658	679	1,000	Henry G. Davis	654	1,000
William Randolph Hearst	200	181		James R. Williams	165
Francis Cockrell	42	42		George Turner	100
Richard Olney	38	38		William Alexander Harris	58
Edward C. Wall	27	27		Abstaining	23
George Gray	12	12
John Sharp Williams	8	8
Robert E. Pattison	4	4
George Brinton McClellan, Jr.	3	3
Nelson A. Miles	3	3
Charles A. Towne	2	2
Arthur Pue Gorman	2	-
Bird Sim Coler	1	1

Source: US President - D Convention. Our Campaigns. (March 10, 2011).

Socialist Party nomination

• 

  Union leader Eugene V. Debs from Indiana

Debs/Hanford campaign poster

The Election of 1904 was the first election in which the Socialist Party participated.

The Socialist Party of America was a highly factionalized coalition of local parties based in industrial cities and usually was rooted in ethnic communities, especially German and Finnish. It also had some support in old Populist rural and mining areas in the West.

Prominent socialist Eugene V. Debs was nominated for president and Benjamin Hanford was nominated for vice-president.

General Election

Campaign

Parker campaign button

The campaigning done by both parties was much less vigorous than it had been in 1896 and 1900. The campaign season was pervaded by goodwill, and it went a long way toward mending the damage done by the previous class-war elections. This was due to the fact that Parker and Roosevelt, with the exception of charisma, were so similar in political outlook.

So close were the two candidates that few differences could be detected. Both men were for the gold standard; though the Democrats were more outspokenly against imperialism, both believed in fair treatment for the Filipinos and eventual liberation; and both believed that labor unions had the same rights as individuals before the courts. The radicals in the Democratic Party denounced Parker as a conservative; the conservatives in the Republican Party denounced Theodore Roosevelt as a radical.

During the campaign, there were a couple of instances in which Roosevelt was seen as vulnerable. In the first place, Joseph Pulitzer's New York World carried a full page story about alleged corruption in the Bureau of Corporations. President Roosevelt admitted certain payments had been made, but denied any "blackmail." Secondly, in appointing George B. Cortelyou as his campaign manager, Roosevelt had purposely used his former Secretary of Commerce and Labor. This was of importance because Cortelyou, knowing the secrets of the corporations, could extract large contributions from them. The charge created quite a stir and in later years was proven to be sound. In 1907, it was disclosed that the insurance companies had contributed rather too heavily to the Roosevelt campaign. Only a week before the election, Roosevelt himself called E. H. Harriman, the railroad king, to Washington, D.C., for the purpose of raising funds to carry New York.

Insider money, however, was spent on both candidates. Parker received financial support from the Morgan banking interests, just as Bourbon Democrat Cleveland had before him. Thomas W. Lawson, the Boston millionaire, charged that New York state Senator Patrick Henry McCarren, who brought out Judge Parker for the nomination, was on the pay roll of Standard Oil as political master mechanic at twenty thousand dollars a year. He also claimed that Parker was the chosen tool of Standard Oil. Lawson offered Senator McCarren $100,000 if he would disprove the charge. According to one account, "No denial of the charge was ever made by the Senator." One paper even referred to McCarren as "the Standard Oil serpent of Brooklyn politics."

Results

"The Mysterious Stranger" – A political cartoon showing Missouri having left the Solid South by voting Republican.

Theodore Roosevelt won a landslide victory, taking every Northern and Western state. Roosevelt was the first Republican to carry the state of Missouri since 1868. In voting Republican, Missouri repositioned itself from being associated with the Solid South to being seen as a bellwether swing state throughout the 20th century. The vote in Maryland was extremely close. For the first time in that state's history, secret paper ballots, supplied at public expense, and without political symbols of any kind, were issued to each voter. Candidates for Electors were listed under the presidential and vice presidential candidates for each party (there were four parties recognized in the election, Democratic, Republican, Prohibition, and Socialist). Voters were free to mark their ballots for up to eight candidates of any party. While Roosevelt's victory nationally was quickly determined, the election in Maryland remained in doubt for several weeks. On November 30, Roosevelt was declared the statewide victor by just 51 votes. However, as voters had voted for individual presidential electors, only one Republican elector, Charles Bonaparte, survived the tally. The other seven top vote recipients were Democrats.

Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage for the winning candidate. Shades of red are for Roosevelt (Republican), shades of blue are for Parker (Democratic), and shades of green are for Watson (Populist).

Roosevelt won the election by more than 2½ million popular votes. No earlier president had won by so large a margin. Roosevelt won 56.4% of the popular vote; this percentage, along with his popular vote margin of 18.8%, was the largest recorded between James Monroe's uncontested re-election in 1820 and the election of Warren G. Harding in 1920. Of the 2,754 counties making returns, Roosevelt carried 1,611 (58.50%) and won a majority of votes in 1,538; he and Parker were tied in one county (0.04%).

Thomas Watson, the Populist candidate, received 117,183 votes and won 9 counties (0.33%) in his home state of Georgia. Watson had a majority in 5 of those counties. His vote total was double the Populist's showing in 1900, but less than one-eighth of the party's 1892 total.

Parker carried 1,133 counties (41.14%) and won a majority in 1,057. The distribution of the vote by counties reveals him to have been a weaker candidate than William Jennings Bryan, the party's nominee four years earlier, in every section of nation, except for the deep South, where Democratic dominance remained, due in large part to pervasive disfranchisement of blacks, remained strong. In 17 states, the Parker–Davis ticket failed to carry a single county, and outside the South carried only 84.

Presidential candidate	Party	Home state	Popular vote		Electoral vote	Running mate
			Count	Pct		Vice-presidential candidate	Home state	Elect. vote
Theodore Roosevelt (Incumbent)	Republican	New York	7,630,457	56.42%	336	Charles W. Fairbanks	Indiana	336
Alton B. Parker	Democratic	New York	5,083,880	37.59%	140	Henry G. Davis	West Virginia	140
Eugene V. Debs	Socialist	Indiana	402,810	2.98%	0	Benjamin Hanford	New York	0
Silas C. Swallow	Prohibition	Pennsylvania	259,102	1.92%	0	George W. Carroll	Texas	0
Thomas E. Watson	Populist	Georgia	114,070	0.84%	0	Thomas Tibbles	Nebraska	0
Charles Hunter Corregan	Socialist Labor	New York	33,454	0.25%	0	William Wesley Cox	Illinois	0
Other			1,229	0.01%	—	Other		—
Total			13,525,002	100%	476			476
Needed to win					239			239

Source (Popular Vote):

Source (Electoral Vote):

Popular vote
Roosevelt			56.42%
Parker			37.59%
Debs			2.98%
Swallow			1.92%
Watson			0.84%
Others			0.26%

Electoral vote
Roosevelt			70.59%
Parker			29.41%

• 

  Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

Results by state

States won by Roosevelt/Fairbanks

States won by Parker/Davis

		Theodore Roosevelt Republican			Alton B. Parker Democratic			Eugene V. Debs Socialist			Silas Swallow Prohibition			Thomas Watson Populist			Charles Corregan Socialist Labor			Margin		State Total
State	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	#
Alabama	11	22,472	20.66	-	79,797	73.35	11	853	0.78	-	612	0.56	-	5,051	4.64	-	-	-	-	-57,325	-52.70	108,785	AL
Arkansas	9	46,860	40.25	-	64,434	55.35	9	1,816	1.56	-	993	0.85	-	2,318	1.99	-	-	-	-	-17,574	-15.10	116,421	AR
California	10	205,226	61.84	10	89,404	26.94	-	29,535	8.90	-	7,380	2.22	-	2	0.00	-	-	-	-	115,822	34.90	331,878	CA
Colorado	5	134,661	55.26	5	100,105	41.08	-	4,304	1.77	-	3,438	1.41	-	824	0.34	-	335	0.14	-	34,556	14.18	243,667	CO
Connecticut	7	111,089	58.12	7	72,909	38.15	-	4,543	2.38	-	1,506	0.79	-	495	0.26	-	575	0.30	-	38,180	19.98	191,128	CT
Delaware	3	23,705	54.05	3	19,347	44.11	-	146	0.33	-	607	1.38	-	51	0.12	-	-	-	-	4,358	9.94	43,856	DE
Florida	5	8,314	21.48	-	26,449	68.33	5	2,337	6.04	-	-	-	-	1,605	4.15	-	-	-	-	-18,135	-46.85	38,705	FL
Georgia	13	24,004	18.33	-	83,466	63.72	13	196	0.15	-	685	0.52	-	22,635	17.28	-	-	-	-	-59,462	-45.40	130,986	GA
Idaho	3	47,783	65.84	3	18,480	25.46	-	4,949	6.82	-	1,013	1.40	-	353	0.49	-	-	-	-	29,303	40.37	72,578	ID
Illinois	27	632,645	58.77	27	327,606	30.43	-	69,225	6.43	-	34,770	3.23	-	6,725	0.62	-	4,698	0.44	-	305,039	28.34	1,076,499	IL
Indiana	15	368,289	53.99	15	274,345	40.22	-	12,013	1.76	-	23,496	3.44	-	2,444	0.36	-	1,598	0.23	-	93,944	13.77	682,185	IN
Iowa	13	308,158	63.39	13	149,276	30.71	-	14,849	3.05	-	11,603	2.39	-	2,207	0.45	-	-	-	-	158,882	32.69	486,093	IA
Kansas	10	212,955	64.81	10	86,174	26.23	-	15,869	4.83	-	7,306	2.22	-	6,257	1.90	-	-	-	-	126,781	38.59	328,561	KS
Kentucky	13	205,457	47.13	-	217,170	49.82	13	3,599	0.83	-	6,603	1.51	-	2,521	0.58	-	596	0.14	-	-11,713	-2.69	435,946	KY
Louisiana	9	5,205	9.66	-	47,708	88.50	9	995	1.85	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-42,503	-78.84	53,908	LA
Maine	6	65,432	67.44	6	27,642	28.49	-	2,102	2.17	-	1,510	1.56	-	337	0.35	-	-	-	-	37,790	38.95	97,023	ME
Maryland	8	109,497	48.83	1	109,446	48.81	7	2,247	1.00	-	3,034	1.35	-	1	0.00	-	-	-	-	51	0.02	224,229	MD
Massachusetts	16	257,822	57.92	16	165,746	37.24	-	13,604	3.06	-	4,279	0.96	-	1,294	0.29	-	2,359	0.53	-	92,076	20.69	445,109	MA
Michigan	14	364,957	69.51	14	135,392	25.79	-	9,042	1.72	-	13,441	2.56	-	1,159	0.22	-	1,036	0.20	-	229,565	43.72	525,027	MI
Minnesota	11	216,651	73.98	11	55,187	18.84	-	11,692	3.99	-	6,253	2.14	-	2,103	0.72	-	974	0.33	-	161,464	55.13	292,860	MN
Mississippi	10	3,280	5.59	-	53,480	91.07	10	462	0.79	-	-	-	-	1,499	2.55	-	-	-	-	-50,200	-85.49	58,721	MS
Missouri	18	321,449	49.93	18	296,312	46.02	-	13,009	2.02	-	7,191	1.12	-	4,226	0.66	-	1,674	0.26	-	25,137	3.90	643,861	MO
Montana	3	34,932	54.21	3	21,773	33.79	-	5,676	8.81	-	335	0.52	-	1,520	2.36	-	208	0.32	-	13,159	20.42	64,444	MT
Nebraska	8	138,558	61.38	8	52,921	23.44	-	7,412	3.28	-	6,323	2.80	-	20,518	9.09	-	-	-	-	85,637	37.94	225,732	NE
Nevada	3	6,864	56.66	3	3,982	32.87	-	925	7.64	-	-	-	-	344	2.84	-	-	-	-	2,882	23.79	12,115	NV
New Hampshire	4	54,163	60.07	4	34,074	37.79	-	1,090	1.21	-	750	0.83	-	83	0.09	-	-	-	-	20,089	22.28	90,161	NH
New Jersey	12	245,164	56.68	12	164,566	38.05	-	9,587	2.22	-	6,845	1.58	-	3,705	0.86	-	2,680	0.62	-	80,598	18.63	432,547	NJ
New York	39	859,533	53.13	39	683,981	42.28	-	36,883	2.28	-	20,787	1.28	-	7,459	0.46	-	9,127	0.56	-	175,552	10.85	1,617,770	NY
North Carolina	12	82,442	39.67	-	124,091	59.71	12	124	0.06	-	342	0.16	-	819	0.39	-	-	-	-	-41,649	-20.04	207,818	NC
North Dakota	4	52,595	75.12	4	14,273	20.39	-	2,009	2.87	-	1,137	1.62	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	38,322	54.73	70,014	ND
Ohio	23	600,095	59.75	23	344,674	34.32	-	36,260	3.61	-	19,339	1.93	-	1,392	0.14	-	2,633	0.26	-	255,421	25.43	1,004,393	OH
Oregon	4	60,455	67.06	4	17,521	19.43	-	7,619	8.45	-	3,806	4.22	-	753	0.84	-	-	-	-	42,934	47.62	90,154	OR
Pennsylvania	34	840,949	68.00	34	337,998	27.33	-	21,863	1.77	-	33,717	2.73	-	-	-	-	2,211	0.18	-	502,951	40.67	1,236,738	PA
Rhode Island	4	41,605	60.60	4	24,839	36.18	-	956	1.39	-	768	1.12	-	-	-	-	488	0.71	-	16,766	24.42	68,656	RI
South Carolina	9	2,554	4.63	-	52,563	95.36	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	0.00	-	-	-	-	-50,009	-90.73	55,118	SC
South Dakota	4	72,083	71.09	4	21,969	21.67	-	3,138	3.09	-	2,965	2.92	-	1,240	1.22	-	-	-	-	50,114	49.42	101,395	SD
Tennessee	12	105,363	43.40	-	131,653	54.23	12	1,354	0.56	-	1,889	0.78	-	2,491	1.03	-	-	-	-	-26,290	-10.83	242,750	TN
Texas	18	51,242	21.90	-	167,200	71.45	18	2,791	1.19	-	4,292	1.83	-	8,062	3.45	-	421	0.18	-	-115,958	-49.55	234,008	TX
Utah	3	62,446	61.42	3	33,413	32.86	-	5,767	5.67	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	29,033	28.56	101,672	UT
Vermont	4	40,459	77.97	4	9,777	18.84	-	859	1.66	-	792	1.53	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	30,682	59.13	51,888	VT
Virginia	12	48,180	36.95	-	80,649	61.84	12	202	0.15	-	1,379	1.06	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-32,469	-24.90	130,410	VA
Washington	5	101,540	69.95	5	28,098	19.36	-	10,023	6.91	-	3,229	2.22	-	669	0.46	-	1,592	1.10	-	73,442	50.60	145,151	WA
West Virginia	7	132,620	55.26	7	100,855	42.03	-	1,573	0.66	-	4,599	1.92	-	339	0.14	-	-	-	-	31,765	13.24	239,986	WV
Wisconsin	13	280,315	63.21	13	124,205	28.01	-	28,240	6.37	-	9,872	2.23	-	560	0.13	-	249	0.06	-	156,110	35.20	443,441	WI
Wyoming	3	20,489	66.72	3	8,930	29.08	-	1,072	3.49	-	217	0.71	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	11,559	37.64	30,708	WY
TOTALS:	476	7,630,557	56.42	336	5,083,880	37.59	140	402,810	2.98	-	259,103	1.92	-	114,062	0.84	-	33,454	0.25	-	2,546,677	18.83	13,525,095	US

Close states

Margin of victory less than 5% (39 electoral votes):

1. Maryland, 0.02%
2. Kentucky, 2.69%
3. Missouri, 3.90%

Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (3 electoral votes):

1. Delaware, 9.94%

Geography of Results

Cartographic Gallery

• 

  Map of presidential election results by county.

• 

  Map of Republican presidential election results by county.

• DemocraticPresidentialCounty1904Colorbrewer.gif

  Map of Democratic presidential election results by county.

• 

  Map of "other" presidential election results by county.

• CartogramPresidentialCounty1904Colorbrewer.gif

  Cartogram of presidential election results by county.

• CartogramRepublicanPresidentialCounty1904.gif

  Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county.

• CartogramDemocraticPresidentialCounty1904Colorbrewer.gif

  Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county.

• CartogramOtherPresidentialCounty1904.gif

  Cartogram of "other" presidential election results by county.

Statistics

Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican)

1. Keweenaw County, Michigan 94.55%
2. Mercer County, North Dakota 93.68%
3. Logan County, North Dakota 93.61%
4. McIntosh County, North Dakota 92.70%
5. Zapata County, Texas 92.48%

Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic)

1. Horry County, South Carolina 100.00%
2. Georgetown County, South Carolina 100.00%
3. Fairfield County, South Carolina 100.00%
4. Madison Parish, Louisiana 100.00%
5. Potter County, Texas 100.00%

Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Populist)

1. Glascock County, Georgia 69.38%
2. McDuffie County, Georgia 58.59%
3. McIntosh County, Georgia 56.55%
4. Jackson County, Georgia 55.29%
5. Johnson County, Georgia 53.05%

See also

• History of the United States (1865–1918)
• Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt

Further reading

• Doss, Richard B. "Democrats in the Doldrums: Virginia and the Democratic National Convention of 1904." Journal of Southern History (1954) 20#4 pp: 511-529. in JSTOR
• Biography of Roosevelt during the years 1901–1909.
• Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, and Fred L. Israel, eds. History of American presidential elections, 1789-1968. Vol. 3. (1971), history of the campaign by William Harbaugh, with primary documents

Primary sources

• Republican Campaign Text-book, 1904 (1904), handbook for Republican speakers and editorialists; full of arguments, speeches and statistics online free

External links

• Presidential Election of 1904: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
• 1904 popular vote by counties
• TheodoreRoosevelt.com
• How close was the 1904 election? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Newspaper Article about Judge Parker Nomination For President
• Newspaper Article about President Roosevelt Nomination For President
• Election of 1904 in Counting the Votes