Soyuz 36

Soyuz 36

Mission duration	65 days, 20 hours, 54 minutes, 23 seconds
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	Soyuz 7K-T
Manufacturer	NPO Energia
Launch mass	6,800 kilograms (15,000 lb)
Crew
Crew size	2
Launching	Valery Kubasov Bertalan Farkas
Landing	Viktor Gorbatko Pham Tuân
Callsign	Орион (Orion - "Orion")
Start of mission
Launch date	26 May 1980, 18:20:39 (1980-05-26UTC18:20:39Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz-U
Launch site	Baikonur 31/6
End of mission
Landing date	31 July 1980, 15:15:02 (1980-07-31UTC15:15:03Z) UTC
Landing site	140 kilometres (87 mi) SE of Dzhezkazgan
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	197.5 kilometres (122.7 mi)
Apogee	281.9 kilometres (175.2 mi)
Inclination	51.62 degrees
Period	89.0 minutes
Docking with Salyut 6
Soyuz programme (Manned missions) ← Soyuz 35 Soyuz T-2 →

Soyuz 36 (Russian: Союз 36, Union 36) was a 1980 Soviet manned space flight to the Salyut 6 space station. It was the 11th mission to and ninth successful docking at the orbiting facility. The Soyuz 36 crew were the first to visit the long-duration Soyuz 35 resident crew.

Soyuz 36 carried Valery Kubasov and Bertalan Farkas, the first Hungarian cosmonaut, into space. They swapped Soyuz craft with the long-duration crew and returned to earth in Soyuz 35; a later crew used their craft to return to Earth.

Crew

Position	Launching crew	Landing crew
Commander	Valery Kubasov Third spaceflight  Soviet Union	Viktor Gorbatko Third spaceflight  Soviet Union
Research Cosmonaut	Bertalan Farkas First spaceflight  Hungary	Pham Tuân First spaceflight  Vietnam

Backup crew

Position	Crew
Commander	Vladimir Dzhanibekov  Soviet Union
Research Cosmonaut	Béla Magyari  Hungary

Mission parameters

• Mass: 6,800 kg (15,000 lb)
• Perigee: 197.5 km (122.7 mi)
• Apogee: 281.9 km (175.2 mi)
• Inclination: 51.62°
• Period: 89.0 minutes

Mission highlights

Soyuz 36 was launched on 26 May 1980 with Valery Kubasov and Hungarian cosmonaut Bertalan Farkas, headed to the Salyut 6 space station where Leonid Popov and Valery Ryumin, launched aboard Soyuz 35, were resident. The flight was originally scheduled for 5 June 1979, but was cancelled due to the Soyuz 33 failure. They successfully docked at the aft port the day after launching. The flight was the fifth Intercosmos flight whereby guest cosmonauts from Soviet allied nations would visit the space station, typically for about a week. The flight was only the second time a Soviet mission had a civilian commander.

Upon boarding, the visiting crew carried out Hungarian experiments, so many that the visiting crew sometimes only got three hours of sleep. One experiment was Pille, which measured radiation doses received by the crew with miniature thermoluminescent devices attached to their clothing and to the walls of the station. Another three experiments studied the formation of interferon in human cells under weightless conditions. Earth resources work using the on-board cameras were carried out, in coordination with ground crews, airplanes and helicopters.

Farkas was said by the Hungarian press to have adjusted far quicker than Kubasov to the weightless conditions.

The Soyuz craft was used to boost the station's orbit on 29 May, then Kubasov and Farkas swapped Soyuz craft with the long-duration crew, exchanging seat liners, pressure suits and personal items, before departing the station in Soyuz 35 on 3 June and landed 140 km southeast of Dzhezkazgan. The Soyuz 36 spacecraft was later used to return the crew of Soyuz 37 to earth.