Robert Charles Winthrop

This article is about the lawyer and politician. For the banker, see Robert Winthrop (1833–1892).

Robert Charles Winthrop
18th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
In office December 6, 1847 – March 4, 1849
President	James K. Polk
Preceded by	John W. Davis
Succeeded by	Howell Cobb
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 1st district
In office November 9, 1840 – May 25, 1842 November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1850
Preceded by	Abbott Lawrence Nathan Appleton
Succeeded by	Nathan Appleton Samuel A. Eliot
United States Senator from Massachusetts
In office July 30, 1850 – February 1, 1851
Appointed by	George N. Briggs
Preceded by	Daniel Webster
Succeeded by	Robert Rantoul, Jr.
Personal details
Born	(1809-05-12)May 12, 1809 Boston, Massachusetts
Died	Boston, Massachusetts
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Elizabeth Cabot Blanchard Laura Derby Welles Adele Granger Thayer Winthrop
Alma mater	Harvard University
Profession	Lawyer, Politician, Philanthropist
Signature

Robert Charles Winthrop (May 12, 1809 – November 16, 1894) was an American lawyer and philanthropist and one time Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was a descendant of John Winthrop.

Life and career

Robert Charles Winthrop was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Thomas Lindall Winthrop (March 6, 1760 — February 22, 1841) and wife (m. July 25, 1786) Elizabeth Bowdoin Temple (October 23, 1769 — July 23, 1825). He attended the prestigious Boston Latin School, and graduated from Harvard University in 1828.

On March 12, 1832, he married Elizabeth Cabot Blanchard (May 27, 1809 — June 14, 1842), daughter of Francis Blanchard (baptised February 1, 1784 – age estimated 29 at death, June 26, 1813) and wife (m. August 29, 1808) Mary Ann Cabot (baptised May 9, 1784 — July 25, 1809), with whom he had three children. After Elizabeth's death, he married his second wife, Adele Granger Thayer (September 1820 — June 16, 1892), daughter of Francis Granger and Cornelia Rutson Van Rensselaer (1798 — December 29, 1823), on November 15, 1865.

After studying law with Daniel Webster he was admitted to the bar in 1831 and practiced in Boston. He served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives from 1835 to 1840, and served as Speaker of the House of that body from 1838 to 1840. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1838.

Winthrop was elected US Representative from Massachusetts as a Whig to the 26th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Abbott Lawrence; he was reelected to the 27th Congress and served from November 9, 1840, to May 25, 1842, when he resigned. He was subsequently elected to the 27th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of his successor, Nathan Appleton; he was reelected to the 28th and to the three succeeding Congresses and served from November 29, 1842 until to July 30, 1850, and served as the Speaker of the House during the 30th Congress. To date he is the last Speaker who was neither a Republican nor a Democrat. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849.

After Daniel Webster resigned from the United States Senate to become Secretary of State in 1850, Winthrop resigned from the House and was appointed by fellow Whig Governor George Briggs to fill the remainder of Webster's Senate term. Winthrop's views proved no more palatable to abolitionists than did Webster's, and he failed to win reelection by the state legislature to either of Massachusetts' Senate seats in 1851. He resigned without completing his term immediately following his election loss. Later that year, Winthrop actually won a popular plurality in the race for Massachusetts Governor but as the state Constitution required a majority, the election was thrown into the legislature. The same coalition of Democrats and Free Soilers defeated him again. His final venture into elected political office was as a presidential elector on the Whig ticket in 1852. Afterwards, Winthrop became an independent, unsuccessfully supporting Millard Fillmore, John Bell, and George McClellan.

With his political career over at the young age of 41, Winthrop spent the remainder of his life in literary, historical, and philanthropic pursuits. He was a major early patron of the Boston Public Library and president of the Massachusetts Historical Society from 1855 to 1885, during which time he wrote a biography of his ancestor John Winthrop. He served as the president of the Massachusetts Bible Society for several years where he advocated that Christian morality was the necessary condition of a free society. His most notable Christian philosophy for governing men, was as follows:

"Men, in a word, must necessarily be controlled either by a power within them or by a power without them; either by the Word of God or by the strong arm of man; either by the Bible or by the bayonet."

His most notable contributions came as permanent Chairman and President of the Peabody Education Fund Trustees, which he served from 1867 to his death. As well as steering the contributions of the Peabody Trust, Winthrop gave his own money to various Southern schools, the most long lasting of which was the $1500 of seed money provided to a teacher's college that renamed itself Winthrop University in gratitude. He became a noted orator, delivering the eulogy for George Peabody in 1870, and speaking at the ceremony that opened the Washington Monument in 1848.

He died in Boston in 1894, and is interred in Mount Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

One of his children was Robert Charles Winthrop, Jr. (December 7, 1834 — June 5, 1905), who married on June 1, 1869 Elizabeth Mason (October 1, 1844 — April 22, 1924), daughter of Robert Means Mason (September 25, 1810 — March 13, 1879) and wife (m. December 4, 1843) Sarah Ellen Francis (May 17, 1819—September 27, 1865) and paternal granddaughter of Jeremiah Mason and wife Mary Means. Robert Jr.'s daughter Margaret Tyndal Winthrop (February 23, 1880 — July 7, 1970) married at 10 Walnut St., on November 28, 1906 James Grant Forbes. James and Margaret were the parents of Rosemary Isabel Forbes. Rosemary married Richard John Kerry on February 8, 1941. Richard and Rosemary were the parents of United States Senator and 2004 Presidential candidate John Forbes Kerry.

External links

• Robert Charles Winthrop at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Robert C. Winthrop at Find A Grave
• Winthrop's role as Chairman of the PEF
• Robert Winthrop, "Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions," Little, Brown and Company, 1852 - 776 pages)
• The Ancestors of Senator John Forbes Kerry (b. 1943)
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Massachusetts House of Representatives
Preceded by Julius Rockwell	Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives 1838 — 1840	Succeeded by George Ashmun
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by Abbott Lawrence	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 1st congressional district November 9, 1840 – May 25, 1842	Succeeded by Nathan Appleton
Preceded by Nathan Appleton	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 1st congressional district November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1850	Succeeded by Samuel Atkins Eliot
Political offices
Preceded by John Wesley Davis	Speaker of the United States House of Representatives December 6, 1847 – March 4, 1849	Succeeded by Howell Cobb
United States Senate
Preceded by Daniel Webster	U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts July 30, 1850 – February 1, 1851 Served alongside: John Davis	Succeeded by Robert Rantoul, Jr.

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