Demographics of Italy

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Population 1960–2006. Number of inhabitants in thousands.
Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1 6,000,000 —    
500 4,500,000 −25.0%
1000 7,000,000 +55.6%
1500 11,000,000 +57.1%
1861 22,182,377 +101.7%
1871 27,303,509 +23.1%
1881 28,953,480 +6.0%
1901 32,965,504 +13.9%
1911 35,845,048 +8.7%
1921 39,943,528 +11.4%
1931 41,651,000 +4.3%
1936 42,943,602 +3.1%
1951 47,515,537 +10.6%
1961 50,623,569 +6.5%
1971 54,136,547 +6.9%
1981 56,556,911 +4.5%
1991 56,778,031 +0.4%
2001 56,995,744 +0.4%
2011 59,433,744 +4.3%
2015 60,795,612 +2.3%
Source: ISTAT

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Italy, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Italy has 60,808,000 inhabitants according to estimates current as of January 1, 2015 (ISTAT)[3] Its population density, at 201 inhabitants per square kilometre (520/sq mi), is higher than that of most Western European countries. However the distribution of the population is widely uneven. The most densely populated areas are the Po Valley (that accounts for almost half of the national population) and the metropolitan areas of Rome and Naples, while vast regions such as the Alps and Apennines highlands, the plateaus of Basilicata and the island of Sardinia are very sparsely populated.

The population of Italy almost doubled during the twentieth century, but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale internal migration from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North, a phenomenon which happened as a consequence of the Italian economic miracle of the 1950-60s. In addition, after centuries of net emigration, from the 1980s Italy has experienced large-scale immigration for the first time in modern history. According to the Italian government, there were an estimated 5,000,073 foreign nationals resident in Italy.[1]

High fertility and birth rates persisted until the 1970s, after which they started to dramatically decline, leading to rapid population aging. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, one in five Italians was over 65 years old.[2] However, as a result of the massive immigration of the last two decades, in recent years Italy experienced a significant growth in birth rates.[3] The total fertility rate has also climbed from an all-time low of 1.18 children per woman in 1995 to 1.41 in 2008.[4]

Since the 1984 Lateran Treaty, Italy has no official religion. However, it recognizes the role the Catholic Church plays in Italian society. 87.8% of the population identify as Catholic, 5.8% as non-believers or atheists, 2.6% as Muslims, and 3.8% adhere to other religions.

Urbanization

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See also: Metropolitan areas in Italy and List of cities in Italy by population
 
Largest cities or towns in Italy
ISTAT estimates for 31 December 2014
Rank Name Region Pop. Rank Name Region Pop.
Rome
Rome
Milan
Milan		 1 Rome Lazio 2,872,021 11 Venice Veneto 264,579 Naples
Naples
Turin
Turin
2 Milan Lombardy 1,337,155 12 Verona Veneto 260,125
3 Naples Campania 978,399 13 Messina Sicily 240,414
4 Turin Piedmont 896,773 14 Padua Veneto 211,210
5 Palermo Sicily 678,492 15 Trieste Friuli-Venezia Giulia 205,413
6 Genoa Liguria 592,507 16 Taranto Apulia 202,016
7 Bologna Emilia-Romagna 386,181 17 Brescia Lombardy 196,058
8 Florence Tuscany 381,037 18 Prato Tuscany 191,002
9 Bari Apulia 327,361 19 Parma Emilia-Romagna 190,284
10 Catania Sicily 315,601 20 Modena Emilia-Romagna 185,148

About 68% of Italian population is classified as urban,[5] a relatively low figure among developed countries. During the last two decades, Italy underwent a devolution process, that eventually led to the creation of administrative metropolitan areas, in order to give major cities and their metropolitan areas a provincial status (somehow similar to PRC's direct-controlled municipality). However, none of these new local authorities has yet become fully operative. According to OECD,[6] the largest conurbations are:

  • Milan – 7.4 million
  • Rome – 3.7 million
  • Naples – 3.1 million
  • Turin – 2.2 million

Ethnic groups

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Main article: Immigration to Italy
Little Italy in New York, ca.1900.

Italy used to be a country of mass emigration from the late 19th century until the 1970s. Between 1898 and 1914, the peak years of Italian diaspora, approximately 750,000 Italians emigrated each year.[7] Italian communities once thrived in the former African colonies of Eritrea (nearly 100,000 at the beginning of World War II),[8] Somalia and Libya (150,000 Italians settled in Libya, constituting about 18% of the total population).[9] All of Libya's Italians were expelled from the North African country in 1970.[10] In addition, after the annexation of Istria in 1945, up to 350,000 ethnic Italians left Titoist Yugoslavia.[11] Today, large numbers of people with full or significant Italian ancestry are found in Brazil (35 million),[12] Argentina (20 million),[13] US (17.8 million),[14] France (5 million),[15] Uruguay (1.5 million),[16] Canada (1.4 million),[17] Venezuela (900,000)[18] and Australia (800,000).[19]

As a result of the profound economic and social changes induced by postwar industrialization, including low birth rates, an aging population and thus a shrinking workforce, during the 1980s Italy became to attract rising flows of foreign immigrants. The present-day figure of about 5 million foreign residents, that make up some 9% of the total population, include 97,000 children born in Italy to foreign nationals (19% of total births in Italy) in 2014, but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian nationality; this applied to 106,000 people in 2014.[20][21] The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, the so-called clandestini, whose numbers are very difficult to determine. In May 2008 The Boston Globe quoted an estimate of 670,000 for this group.[22] Since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, the main waves of migration came from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). The second most important area of immigration to Italy has always been the neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from the Far East (notably, China[23] and the Philippines) and Latin America (Ecuador, Peru) have been recorded. Currently, circa one million Romanians (around one tenth of them being Roma[24]) are officially registered as living in Italy, representing thus the most important individual country of origin, followed by Albanians and Moroccans with about 500,000 people each. The number of unregistered Romanians is difficult to estimate, but the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network suggested that in 2007 that there might have been half a million or more.[25][note 1] Overall, at the end of the 2000s the foreign born population of Italy was from: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%) and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 84.9% of immigrants live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 15.1% live in the southern half of the peninsula.

Estimated foreign-born population by country of birth, 2006 figures.
Origin of the population[20][27]
Origin Population Percent
Italian 55,818,099 92.00%
Romanian 1,131,839 1.81%
North African 646,624 1.07%
Albanian 502,546 0.77%
Chinese 265,820 0.28%
Ukrainian 233,726 0.31%
Asian (non-Chinese) 499,013 0.83%
Sub-Saharan Africa 324,917 0.54%
Latin American 285,169 0.47%
Other 782,549 1.29%

Languages

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Main article: Languages of Italy
"Italophone" world. Dark blue:official language; green: secondary, widely spoken or understood; light blue: understood by some due to former colonisation.

Italy's official language is Italian. Ethnologue has estimated that there are about 55 million speakers of the language in Italy and a further 6.7 million outside of the country.[28] However, between 120 and 150 million people use Italian as a second or cultural language, worldwide.[29]

Italian, adopted by the state after the unification of Italy, is based on the Florentine variety of Tuscan and is somewhat intermediate between the Italo-Dalmatian languages and the Gallo-Romance languages. Its development was also influenced by the Germanic languages of the post-Roman invaders.

Italy has numerous dialects spoken all over the country. However, the establishment of a national education system has led to decrease in variation in the languages spoken across the country. Standardisation was further expanded in the 1950s and 1960s thanks to economic growth and the rise of mass media and television (the state broadcaster RAI helped set a standard Italian).

Several minority and regional languages are legally recognized and protected,[30] and they have co-official status alongside Italian in various parts of the country. French is co-official in the Valle d’Aosta—although in fact Franco-Provencal is more commonly spoken there. German has the same status in the province of South Tyrol as, in some parts of that province and in parts of the neighbouring Trentino, does Ladin. Slovene and Friulian are officially recognised in the provinces of Trieste, Gorizia and Udine in Venezia Giulia. Sardinian language was recognized as co-official in Sardinia.

In these regions official documents are bilingual (trilingual in Ladin communities), or available upon request in either Italian or the co-official language. Traffic signs are also multilingual, except in the Valle d’Aosta where—with the exception of Aosta itself which has retained its Latin form in Italian as in English—French toponyms are generally used, attempts to Italianise them during the Fascist period having been abandoned. Education is possible in minority languages where such schools are operating.

UNESCO and other authories recognize many other endangered languages, which are not protected by Italian government: Piedmontese, Venetian, Ligurian, Lombard, Emilian-Romagnolo, Neapolitan and Sicilian.

Historical data

Vital statistics since 1900[31][32][33]

Average population (x 1,000) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates
1900 32,377 1,067,376 768,917 298,459 33.0 23.7 9.2
1901 32,550 1,057,763 715,036 342,727 32.5 22.0 10.5
1902 32,787 1,093,074 727,181 365,893 33.3 22.2 11.2
1903 33,004 1,042,090 736,311 305,779 31.6 22.3 9.3
1904 33,237 1,085,431 698,604 386,827 32.7 21.0 11.6
1905 33,489 1,084,518 730,340 354,178 32.4 21.8 10.6
1906 33,718 1,070,978 696,875 374,103 31.8 20.7 11.1
1907 33,952 1,062,333 700,333 362,000 31.3 20.6 10.7
1908 34,198 1,138,813 770,054 368,759 33.3 22.5 10.8
1909 34,455 1,115,831 738,460 377,371 32.4 21.4 11.0
1910 34,751 1,144,410 682,459 461,951 32.9 19.6 13.3
1911 35,033 1,093,545 742,811 350,734 31.2 21.2 10.0
1912 35,246 1,133,985 635,788 498,197 32.2 18.0 14.1
1913 35,351 1,122,482 663,966 458,516 31.8 18.8 13.0
1914 35,701 1,114,091 643,355 470,736 31.2 18.0 13.2
1915 36,271 1,109,183 809,703 299,480 30.6 22.3 8.3
1916 36,481 881,626 854,703 26,923 24.2 23.4 0.7
1917 36,343 713,732 948,710 -234,978 19.6 26.1 -6.5
1918 35,922 655,353 1,268,290 -612,937 18.2 35.3 -17.1
1919 35,717 770,620 676,329 94,291 21.6 18.9 2.6
1920 35,960 1,158,041 681,749 476,292 32.2 19.0 13.2
1921 37,869 1,163,344 670,234 493,110 30.7 17.7 13.0
1922 38,196 1,175,834 690,054 485,780 30.8 18.1 12.7
1923 38,571 1,155,157 654,827 500,330 29.9 17.0 13.0
1924 38,927 1,124,650 663,077 461,573 28.9 17.0 11.9
1925 39,265 1,108,565 669,695 438,870 28.2 17.1 11.2
1926 39,590 1,094,666 680,274 414,392 27.7 17.2 10.5
1927 39,926 1,093,772 639,843 453,929 27.4 16.0 11.4
1928 40,281 1,072,316 645,654 426,662 26.6 16.0 10.6
1929 40,607 1,037,700 667,223 370,477 25.6 16.4 9.1
1930 40,956 1,092,678 576,751 515,927 26.7 14.1 12.6 3,38
1931 41,339 1,026,197 609,405 416,792 24.8 14.7 10.1 3,21
1932 41,584 990,995 610,646 380,349 23.8 14.7 9.1 3,06
1933 41,928 995,979 574,113 421,866 23.8 13.7 10.1 3,04
1934 42,277 992,966 563,339 429,627 23.5 13.3 10.2 3,00
1935 42,631 996,708 594,722 401,986 23.4 14.0 9.4 3,00
1936 42,965 962,686 593,380 369,306 22.4 13.8 8.6 2,87
1937 43,269 991,867 618,290 373,577 22.9 14.3 8.6 2,93
1938 43,596 1,037,180 614,988 422,192 23.8 14.1 9.7 3,05
1939 44,018 1,040,213 591,483 448,730 23.6 13.4 10.2 3,07
1940 44,467 1,046,479 606,907 439,572 23.5 13.6 9.9 3,07
1941 44,830 937,546 621,735 315,811 20.9 13.9 7.0 2,74
1942 45,098 926,063 643,607 282,456 20.5 14.3 6.3 2,69
1943 44,641 885,300 679,708 205,592 19.8 15.2 4.6 2,61
1944 44,794 817,704 685,171 132,533 18.3 15.3 3.0 2,39
1945 44,946 817,812 615,092 202,720 18.2 13.7 4.5 2,37
1946 45,253 1,039,432 547,952 491,480 23.0 12.1 10.9 3,01
1947 45,641 1,014,712 524,019 490,693 22.2 11.5 10.8 2,89
1948 46,381 1,009,299 490,450 518,849 21.8 10.6 11.2 2,83
1949 46,733 940,293 485,277 455,016 20.1 10.4 9.7 2,62
1950 47,104 911,805 455,169 456,636 19.4 9.7 9.7 2,50
1951 47,417 863,849 485,208 378,641 18.2 10.2 8.0 2,35
1952 47,666 847,354 477,894 369,460 17.8 10.0 7.8 2,33
1953 47,957 842,274 476,015 366,259 17.6 9.9 7.6 2,31
1954 48,299 870,689 441,897 428,792 18.0 9.1 8.9 2,35
1955 48,633 869,333 446,689 422,644 17.9 9.2 8.7 2,33
1956 48,920 873,608 497,550 376,058 17.9 10.2 7.7 2,33
1957 49,181 878,906 484,190 394,716 17.9 9.8 8.0 2,36
1958 49,475 870,468 457,690 412,778 17.6 9.3 8.3 2,31
1959 49,831 901,017 454,740 446,277 18.1 9.1 9.0 2,38
1960 50,198 910,192 480,932 429,260 18.1 9.6 8.6 2.37
1961 50,523 929,657 468,455 461,202 18.4 9.3 9.1 2.42
1962 50,843 937,257 509,174 428,083 18.4 10.0 8.4 2.44
1963 51,198 960,336 516,377 443,959 18.8 10.1 8.7 2.50
1964 51,600 1,016,120 490,050 526,070 19.7 9.5 10.2 2.65
1965 51,987 990,458 518,008 472,450 19.1 10.0 9.1 2.59
1966 52,332 979,940 496,281 483,659 18.7 9.5 9.2 2.57
1967 52,667 948,772 510,122 438,650 18.0 9.7 8.3 2.49
1968 52,987 930,172 532,571 397,601 17.6 10.1 7.5 2.49
1969 53,317 932,466 539,129 393,337 17.5 10.1 7.4 2.46
1970 53,661 901,472 521,096 380,376 16.8 9.7 7.1 2.38
1971 54,074 906,182 522,654 383,528 16.8 9.7 7.9 2.39
1972 54,381 888,203 523,828 364,375 16.3 9.6 6.7 2.34
1973 54,751 874,546 547,487 327,059 16.0 10.0 6.0 2.30
1974 55,111 868,882 532,052 336,830 15.8 9.7 6.1 2.28
1975 55,441 827,852 554,346 273,506 14.9 10.0 4.9 2.17
1976 55,718 781,638 550,565 231,073 14.0 9.9 4.1 2.04
1977 55,955 741,103 546,694 194,409 13.2 9.8 3.5 1.93
1978 56,155 709,043 540,671 168,372 12.6 9.6 3.0 1.84
1979 56,318 670,221 538,352 131,869 11.9 9.6 2.3 1.72
1980 56,434 640,401 554,510 85,891 11.3 9.8 1.5 1.64
1981 56,502 623,103 545,291 77,812 11.0 9.7 1.4 1.58
1982 56,544 617,507 522,332 95,175 10.9 9.2 1.7 1.56
1983 56,564 600,218 553,568 46,650 10.6 9.8 0.8 1.50
1984 56,577 587,871 534,676 53,195 10.4 9.5 0.9 1.45
1985 56,593 577,345 547,436 29,909 10.2 9.7 0.5 1.41
1986 56,596 554,845 537,453 17,392 9.8 9.5 0.3 1.35
1987 56,602 552,329 524,999 27,330 9.8 9.3 0.5 1.32
1988 56,629 569,698 539,426 30,272 10.1 9.5 0.5 1.36
1989 56,672 560,688 525,960 34,728 9.8 9.3 0.5 1.32
1990 56,719 563,019 543,708 19,311 9.9 9.5 0.5 1.33
1991 56,751 562,787 553,833 8,954 9.9 9.8 0.2 1.30
1992 56,797 575,216 545,038 30,178 10.1 9.6 0.5 1.30
1993 56,832 552,587 555,043 -2,456 9.7 9.8 -0.0 1.25
1994 56,843 536,665 557,513 -20,848 9.4 9.8 -0.4 1.21
1995 56,844 526,064 555,203 -29,139 9.3 9.8 -0.5 1.192
1996 56,860 536,740 557,756 -21,016 9.4 9.8 -0.4 1.19
1997 56,890 540,048 564,679 -24,631 9.5 9.9 -0.4 1.21
1998 56,907 532,843 576,911 -44,068 9.4 10.1 -0.8 1.21
1999 56,917 537,242 571,356 -34,114 9.4 10.0 -0.6 1.23
2000 56,942 543,039 560,241 -17,202 9.5 9.8 -0.3 1.25
2001 56,977 535,264 548,227 -12,963 9.4 9.6 -0.2 1.25
2002 57,158 538,198 557,393 -19,195 9.4 9.8 -0.3 1.27
2003 57,605 544,063 586,468 -42,405 9.4 10.2 -0.8 1.28
2004 58,175 562,599 546,658 15,941 9.7 9.4 0.3 1.34
2005 58,607 554,022 567,304 -13,282 9.5 9.7 -0.2 1.33
2006 58,942 560,010 557,892 2,118 9.6 9.5 0.1 1.37
2007 59,375 563,933 570,801 -6,868 9.5 9.7 -0.2 1.40
2008 59,832 576,659 585,126 -8,467 9.6 9.8 -0.2 1.44
2009 60,193 568,857 591 663 -22,806 9.5 9.8 -0.3 1.44
2010 60,626 561,944 587,488 -25,544 9.3 9.7 -0.4 1.45
2011 60,820 546,585 593,402 -46,817 9.1 9.7 -0.6 1.43
2012 59,478 534,186 612,883 -78,697 9.0 10.3 -1.3 1.42
2013 60,783 514,308 600,744 -86,436 8.6 10.1 -1.5 1.39
2014 60,808 502,596 598,364 -95,768 8.4 9.8 -1.4 1.39

Religion

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Main article: Religion in Italy
Religion in Italy
Religion Percent
Christianity
  
 91.6%
None
  
 5.8%
Islam
  
 1.9%
Buddhism
  
 0.3%
Hinduism
  
 0.2%
Sikhism
  
 0.12%
Judaism
  
 0.1%

Roman Catholicism is by far the largest religion in the country, although the Catholic Church is no longer officially the state religion. Fully 87.8% of Italy's population identified themselves as Roman Catholic,[34] although only about one-third of these described themselves as active members (36.8%).

Most Italians believe in God, or a form of a spiritual life force. According to the most recent Eurobarometer Poll 2005:[35] 74% of Italian citizens responded that 'they believe there is a God', 16% answered that 'they believe there is some sort of spirit or life force' and 6% answered that 'they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God, or life force'. This makes Italians much more theist than those of most other European countries, including France, Spain, and Germany.

Christianity

The Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral in Florence, which has the biggest brick dome in the world,[36][37] and is considered a masterpiece of Italian architecture.

The Italian Catholic Church is part of the global Roman Catholic Church, under the leadership of the Pope, curia in Rome, and the Conference of Italian Bishops. In addition to Italy, two other sovereign nations are included in Italian-based dioceses, San Marino and Vatican City. There are 225 dioceses in the Italian Catholic Church, see further in this article and in the article List of the Roman Catholic dioceses in Italy. Even though by law Vatican City is not part of Italy, it is in Rome, and along with Latin, Italian is the most spoken and second language of the Roman Curia.[38]

Italy has a rich Catholic culture, especially as numerous Catholic saints, martyrs and popes were Italian themselves. Roman Catholic art in Italy especially flourished during the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Baroque periods, with numerous Italian artists, such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Caravaggio, Fra Angelico, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Sandro Botticelli, Tintoretto, Titian, Raphael and Giotto. Roman Catholic architecture in Italy is equally as rich and impressive, with churches, basilicas and cathedrals such as St Peter's Basilica, Florence Cathedral and St Mark's Basilica. Roman Catholicism is the largest religion and denomination in Italy, with around 87.8% of Italians considering themselves Catholic. Italy is also home to the greatest number of cardinals in the world,[39] and is the country with the greatest number of Roman Catholic churches per capita.[40]

Even though the main Christian denomination in Italy is Roman Catholicism, there are some minorities of Protestant, Waldensian, Eastern Orthodox and other Christian churches.

In the 20th century, Jehovah's Witnesses, Pentecostalism, non-denominational Evangelicalism, and Mormonism were the fastest-growing Protestant churches. Immigration from Western, Central, and Eastern Africa at the beginning of the 21st century has increased the size of Baptist, Anglican, Pentecostal and Evangelical communities in Italy, while immigration from Eastern Europe has produced large Eastern Orthodox communities.

In 2006, Protestants made up 2.1% of Italy's population, and members of Eastern Orthodox churches comprised 1.2% or more than 700,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians including 180,000 Greek Orthodox,[41] 550,000 Pentecostals and Evangelists (0.8%), of whom 400,000 are members of the Assemblies of God, about 250,000 are Jehovah's Witnesses (0.4%),[42] 30,000 Waldensians,[43] 25,000 Seventh-day Adventists, 22,000 Mormons, 15,000 Baptists (plus some 5,000 Free Baptists), 7,000 Lutherans, 4,000 Methodists (affiliated with the Waldensian Church).[44]

Other religions

The longest-established religious faith in Italy is Judaism, Jews having been present in Ancient Rome before the birth of Christ. Italy has seen many influential Italian-Jews, such as Luigi Luzzatti, who took office in 1910, Ernesto Nathan served as mayor of Rome from 1907 to 1913 and Shabbethai Donnolo (died 982). During the Holocaust, Italy took in many Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. However, with the creation of the Nazi-backed puppet Italian Social Republic, about 15% of Italy's Jews were killed, despite the Fascist government's refusal to deport Jews to Nazi death camps[citation needed]. This, together with the emigration that preceded and followed the Second World War, has left only a small community of around 45,000 Jews in Italy today.

Due to immigration from around the world, there has been an increase in non-Christian religions. As of 2009, there were 1.0 million Muslims in Italy[45] forming 1.6 percent of population; independent estimates put the Islamic population in Italy anywhere from 0.8 million[46] to 1.5 million.[47] Only 50,000 Italian Muslims hold Italian citizenship.

There are more than 200,000 followers of faith originating in the Indian subcontinent, including some 70,000 Sikhs with 22 gurdwaras across the country,[48] 70,000 Hindus, and 50,000 Buddhists.[49] There are an estimated some 4,900 Bahá'ís in Italy in 2005.[50]

Demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from Italy's Istituto Nazionale di Statistica[51] and Cia World Factbook.

Population

61,482,297 (July 2013 est.)

Age structure

0-14 years: 13.5% (male 4,056,156/female 3,814,070)
15-64 years: 66.3% (male 19,530,696/female 18,981,084)
65 years and over: 20.2% (male 4,903,762/female 6,840,444) (2010 est.)

Median age

total: 44.2 years
male: 43.0 years
female: 45.3 years (2013 est.)

Population growth rate

0.34% (2013 est.)

Birth rate

8.94 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)[52]

Death rate

10.01 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Net migration rate

4.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2013 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 68% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female

(2013 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

4.0 deaths/100,000 live births (2010)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3.33 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 3.54 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.12 deaths/1,000 live births

(2013 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 81.95 years
male: 79.32 years
female: 84.73 years (2013)

Total fertility rate

1.39 children born/woman (Italian citizens)
1.91 children born/woman (Foreign citizens)
1.39 children born/woman (total citizens) (2014)[53]

Health expenditures

9.5% of total GDP (2010)

Physicians density

4.24 physicians/1,000 population (2008)

Hospital bed density

3.6 beds/1,000 population (2009)

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 0.3% (2009 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 140,000 (2009 est.)
Deaths: fewer than 1,000 (2009 est.)

Obesity – adult prevalence rate

19.8% (2008)

Nationality

noun: Italian(s)
adjective: Italian

Ethnic groups

Italian: 91%, other European (mostly Romanian, Albanian, Ukrainian and others) 5%, North African (mostly Moroccan) 1.5%, others 2.5%.[54]

Historically the ethnicity of the Italian people was mainly made of romanized autochthonous Italics and Gauls, with additions of Germanic populations (like Longobards) and -in very small amounts- of other bordering people (like Slovenes, Austrians, Albanians, etc..).

Religions

Roman Catholic: 87% (approximately; one half practicing), other Christians: 2%, Muslim: 1.8%, Atheist or Agnostic: 9%

Education expenditure

4.7% of total GDP (2009)

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98.6%
male:

(2003 est.)

Genetics

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See also: Genetic history of Italy
Genealogical tree of Y chromosome haplogroups with main Italian ones highlighted in green

Approximately half of Italian males belong to the Y-DNA haplogroup R1b which is standard amongst most west European populations. According to data found through different sources, samples, and studies by Eurpedia,[55] the percentages of Y-dna haplogroups observed were :

  • R1 (51.5% : 49% R1b and 2.5% R1a)
  • J (20% : 18% J2 and 2% J1)
  • E1b1b (11%)
  • G (7%)
  • I (6.5% : 2.5% I1, 3% I2 + I2a and 1% I2b)
  • T (4%)

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ According to Mitrica, an October 2005 Romanian report estimates that 1,061,400 Romanians are living in Italy, constituting 37% of 2.8 million immigrants in that country[26] but it is unclear how the estimate was made, and therefore whether it should be taken seriously.

References

  1. ↑ [1].
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ CIA World Factbook 2010
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Libya – Italian colonization. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.
  10. ↑ Libya cuts ties to mark Italy era.. BBC News. 27 October 2005.
  11. ↑ Election Opens Old Wounds In Trieste. The New York Times. 6 June 1987.
  12. ↑ Consulta Nazionale Emigrazione. Progetto ITENETs – “Gli italiani in Brasile”; pp. 11, 19 . Retrieved 10 September 2008.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ "The Cambridge survey of world migration". Robin Cohen (1995). Cambridge University Press. p. 143. ISBN 0-521-44405-5
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Santander Laya-Garrido, Alfonso. Los Italianos forjadores de la nacionalidad y del desarrollo economico en Venezuela. Editorial Vadell. Valencia, 1978
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "istat2014" defined multiple times with different content
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Elisabeth Rosenthal, "Italy cracks down on illegal immigration". The Boston Globe. 16 May 2008.
  23. ↑ "Milan police in Chinatown clash". BBC News. 13 April 2007.
  24. ↑ "EUROPE: Home to Roma, And No Place for Them". IPS ipsnews.net.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Mitrica, Mihai Un milion de romani s-au mutat in Italia ("One million Romanians have moved to Italy"). Evenimentul Zilei, 31 October 2005. Visited 11 April 2006.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Ethnologue report for language code:ita (Italy) - Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version
  29. ↑ Italian Language: Geographic Distribution Discovery Media'.' Retrieved 2010-05-16.
  30. ↑ [L.cost. 26 febbraio 1948, n. 4, Statuto speciale per la Valle d'Aosta; L.cost. 26 febbraio 1948, n. 5, Statuto speciale per il Trentino-Alto Adige; L.cost. 31 gennaio 1963, n. 1, Statuto speciale della Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia]
  31. ↑ B.R. Mitchell. European historical statistics, 1750-1975.
  32. ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1948%20DYB.pdf United nations. Demographic Yearbook 1948
  33. ↑ ISTAT
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ ReportDGResearchSocialValuesEN2.PDF
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Living cardinals arranged by country
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  41. ↑ The Holy Orthodox Archdiocese of Italy and Malta
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ (Italian) Waldensian Evangelical Church
  44. ↑ World Council of Churches Archived August 21, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ↑ Italy: Country's muslims raise funds to help quake victims - Adnkronos Religion
  46. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  47. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  48. ↑ NRI Sikhs in Italy
  49. ↑ Unione Buddhista Italiana - UBI: L'Ente
  50. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  51. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ http://www.istat.it/en/archive/149007
  54. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT
  55. ↑ [2]

External links

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