Peć

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"İpek" redirects here. For other uses, see Ipek (disambiguation) and Pec (disambiguation).

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Not to be confused with Pecs.
Pejë
City and municipality
Albanian: Peja, Pejë
Serbian: Пећ, Peć
Bosnian: Peć
Turkish: İpek
From top (left to right): Peja city center, Zenel Beg Tower (Kulla), Rugova Canyon, Ethnological Museum, Old Bazaar, Bistrica River, the Patriarchate of Peć and the train station of Peja.
From top (left to right):
Peja city center, Zenel Beg Tower (Kulla), Rugova Canyon, Ethnological Museum, Old Bazaar, Bistrica River, the Patriarchate of Peć and the train station of Peja.
Pejë is located in Kosovo
Pejë
Pejë
Location in Kosovo
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country Kosovo[a]
District District of Pejë
Government
 • Mayor Gazmend Muhaxheri [1]
Area
 • City and municipality 603 km2 (233 sq mi)
 • Urban 14,008 km2 (5,409 sq mi)
 • Metro 21 km2 (8 sq mi)
Elevation 550 m (1,800 ft)
Population (2014)
 • City and municipality 97,776
 • Density 160/km2 (420/sq mi)
 • Metro 60,000
  As of 2009[2]
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
ZIP code 30000
Area code(s) +381
Vehicle registration 03
Website Municipality of Pejë

Pejë (Albanian: Peja or Pejë) or Peć (Serbian: Пећ or Peć; Bosnian: Peć) is a city in western Kosovo,[lower-alpha 1] and the administrative centre of the homonymous district. The municipality covers an area of 602 km2 (232 sq mi), including the city of Pejë and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities. As of 2014, the whole municipality has a population of approximately 97,776, of which ca. 60,000 live in the city of Pejë.

Name

In Serbian, Peć means furnace or cave and its name is probably connected with nearby caves in the Rugova Canyon which served as hermit cells for Serbian Orthodox monks.[3] In medieval Ragusan documents, the Serbian name of the city (Peć, lit. "furnace") is sometimes translated as Forno, meaning furnace in Italian. During Ottoman rule, it was known as Ottoman Turkish ايپك (İpek). The Albanian name's definite form is Peja and the indefinite Pejë. Other names of the city include the Latin Pescium, the Greek Episkion (Επισκιον), the Ottoman Turkish ايپك (İpek), and the formerly used form Pentza.

Geography

Location

The city lies near the Rugova Canyon.

Administration

The municipality covers an area of 602 km2 (232 sq mi), including the city of Peć and 95 villages; it is divided into 28 territorial communities.[4] As of 2011, the whole municipality has a population of approximately 95,723,[4] of which ca. 60,000 live in the city of Peć.[5]

Climate

Climate data for Peć (1961-1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.4
(59.7)		 22.6
(72.7)		 25.0
(77)		 28.0
(82.4)		 31.5
(88.7)		 35.8
(96.4)		 38.2
(100.8)		 35.9
(96.6)		 34.1
(93.4)		 28.3
(82.9)		 22.9
(73.2)		 18.9
(66)		 38.2
(100.8)
Average high °C (°F) 2.8
(37)		 6.0
(42.8)		 10.9
(51.6)		 16.1
(61)		 20.9
(69.6)		 24.1
(75.4)		 26.5
(79.7)		 26.4
(79.5)		 22.7
(72.9)		 16.9
(62.4)		 10.1
(50.2)		 4.5
(40.1)		 15.7
(60.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −0.5
(31.1)		 2.1
(35.8)		 6.4
(43.5)		 11.2
(52.2)		 15.9
(60.6)		 19.0
(66.2)		 21.1
(70)		 20.8
(69.4)		 17.2
(63)		 11.8
(53.2)		 5.9
(42.6)		 1.2
(34.2)		 11.1
(52)
Average low °C (°F) −3.6
(25.5)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 2.0
(35.6)		 6.1
(43)		 10.3
(50.5)		 13.3
(55.9)		 15.0
(59)		 14.8
(58.6)		 11.5
(52.7)		 6.8
(44.2)		 2.3
(36.1)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 6.3
(43.3)
Record low °C (°F) −24.8
(−12.6)		 −19.3
(−2.7)		 −13.6
(7.5)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 0.6
(33.1)		 3.5
(38.3)		 6.7
(44.1)		 5.2
(41.4)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 −4.8
(23.4)		 −15.3
(4.5)		 −15.2
(4.6)		 −24.8
(−12.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 85.9
(3.382)		 71.5
(2.815)		 65.2
(2.567)		 67.2
(2.646)		 68.2
(2.685)		 53.0
(2.087)		 54.7
(2.154)		 48.0
(1.89)		 52.1
(2.051)		 75.3
(2.965)		 118.2
(4.654)		 91.4
(3.598)		 850.7
(33.492)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 12.0 12.3 11.3 11.5 13.0 13.2 9.9 8.7 8.1 9.5 12.3 13.3 135.1
Average relative humidity (%) 81 75 68 63 64 64 60 60 67 73 81 83 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 69.5 93.3 143.0 172.0 207.8 257.7 274.3 264.9 206.3 152.6 86.8 55.3 1,983.5
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia[6]

Rugova Mountains

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Main article: Rugova Mountains
The view of Rugova Mountains from Peć City

Rugova is a mountain region located in the North-West of the city of Peć. It is the third region of “Bjeshkët e Nemuna” (The Cursed Mountains), also known as The Albanian Alps. In 2013 it was announced as a National Park by the Parliament of Republic of Kosovo.

Rugova is an ethnographic region,[7] with a great importance for the literary branches such as lexicology, etymology and onomastics. Rugova is a suitable region for hiking, skiing, mountaineering, paragliding, picnics, etc.

It was ranked as the fourth most important center for winter sports by the International Ski Federation (ISF) with the base in Lucerne. Furthermore, in April 2013, Peć won the award of “Tourism for Tomorrow” for the project “Peaks of the Balkans”.

Rugova is rich with many landform elements such as caves, waterfalls, glacial lakes, high peaks, tunnels, etc. The highest peak is Hajla (2403 m), however "Qafa e Qyqes" (Cuchoo's Neck) also has an equal importance, because one can observe the whole city of Peć from it. From Guri i Kuq (1522 m) we can also observe places such as: Gjeravica, Boriqe (Three border region), Maja e Mariashit (Peak of Mariashi), Maja e Hekurave (Iron Peak), Shkëlzeni and the lake of Plava. Volujaku is also a high peak (2014 m).

History

Ancient and medieval history

The city is located in a strategic position on the Pećka Bistrica river, a tributary of the White Drin to the east of the Prokletije. The medieval city was possibly built on the ruins of Siparant(um), a Roman municipium (town or city).[8] It was mentioned by Ptolemy in his Geography as Siparantum.

Patriarchate of Peć.

Between 1180 and 1190, Serbian Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja conquered Peć with its surrounding župa (district) of Hvosno from the Byzantine Empire, thus establishing Serbian rule over the city of Peć for next 300 years.[9] The Kosovo region had long been a frontier region between the Serbs and Byzantines. In 1220, Serbian King Stefan Nemanjić donated Peć and several surrounding villages to his newly founded monastery of Žiča.[10] As Žiča was the seat of a Serbian archbishop, Peć came under direct rule of Serbian archbishops and later patriarchs who built their residences and numerous churches in the city starting with the church of Holy Apostles built by archbishop Saint Arsenije I Sremac. After the Žiča monastery was burned by the Cumans (between 1276 and 1292) the seat of Serbian archbishop was transferred to a more secure location in Peć where it remained until the abolition of the Serbian Patriarchate in 1766.

The city became a major religious center of medieval Serbia under the Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan, who made it the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church in 1346. It retained this status until 1766, when the Patriarchate of Peć was abolished. Today, Peć holds the Patriarchate of Serbia. The city and its surrounding area are still revered by adherents of Serbian Orthodoxy; the city is the site of the patriarchal monastery, which stands above the city and consists of four fresco-decorated churches, a library, and a treasury. The 14th century Visoki Dečani monastery, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies about 19 km (12 mi) south, in nearby Dečani.

Ottoman era

Zallç Bridge from the era

Peć was captured by the Ottomans in 1455,[11] and underwent major changes under their rule, including a change of name to Ipek. After the Ottoman Empire captured Peć the Sanjak of İpek was established with Mahmut Pasha Dukagjini as its first sanjakbey (lord).[12] The Sanjak of Dukagjin had four kazas: Peć, Gjakova, Gusinje and Berane.[13] The city was settled by a large number of Turks, many of whose descendants still live in the area, and took on a distinctly oriental character with narrow streets and old-style Turkish houses. It also gained an Islamic character with the construction of a number of mosques, many of which still remain. One of these is the Bajrakli Mosque, built by the Ottomans in the 15th century and located in the center of the city.

The city increased its political importance through the League of Peja, established in 1899 by Albanian patriots led by Haxhi Zeka. The League inherited the traditions and character of the League of Prizren to defend the rights of the Albanians and give them autonomous status within the Ottoman Empire. After an armed conflict with the Ottoman forces in 1900 the League ended its operations.[14]

Contemporary

Ottoman rule came to an end in the First Balkan War of 1912-13, when Montenegro took control of the city in 28 October 1912. In the 8 January 1916, during World War I, Austria-Hungary took the city. Peć was retaken in October 1918. After World War I, the city became part of Yugoslavia (at first officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). Between 1931 and 1941 the city was part of Zeta Banovina. During the World War II Peć was occupied by Albania. After the war, Peć again became part of Yugoslavia as part of Kosovo and Metohija, an autonomous province within the People's Republic of Serbia.

Relations between Serbs and Albanians, who were the majority population, were often tense during the 20th century. They came to a head in the Kosovo War of 1999, during which the city suffered heavy damage and mass killings.[15] More than 80 percent of the total 5280 houses in the city were heavily damaged (1590) or destroyed (2774).[16] It suffered further damage in violent inter-ethnic unrest in 2004.

Education

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Main article: Education in Peć

Education in Peć is a system with no tuition fees, mandatory for all children between the ages of 6-18. It consists of a nine-year basic comprehensive school (starting at age six and ending at the age of fifteen) secondary general and professional education commonly known as high school and higher education at Haxhi Zeka University of Peć. It also includes non-mandatory daycare programmes for babies and toddlers and a one-year "preschool". The school year runs from early September to late June of the following year. Winter break runs from late December to early January, dividing the school year into two semesters. Peć is the only city in Kosovo that offers high school education in arts and there is a school for the visually impaired.

Culture

Architecture

Home of Tahir Beg in Peja, today an ethnological museum

The architecture in Peć show different architectural cultures, such as medieval Serbian, Ottoman, Yugoslav, and contemporary architecture. Because of this there are many churches, mosques, buildings which are attraction points in the city and were built by the aforementioned influences.

Notable architectural traits of Peć include:

Events and festivals

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Main article: Events and festivals in Peć

Tourism

Rugova Canyon near Peć

Peć has undeveloped tourist areas such as the Rugova Canyon and Rugova Mountains. Skiing is possible in the mountains nearby. Peć Bath is a township located in the municipality of Istog, Kosovo. To many people it is known with the name Ilixhe. It is a touristic-health center with services in Istog and in the region, offering quality for inhabitation, highly developed infrastructure and every service needed for living.[17]

Sport

Peja is one of the more successful cities in Kosovan sport leagues. Its premier football team is KF Besa, its basketball teams is KB Peja. KB Peja is the older and more established basketball team. Additionally the city is host to a handball team, KH Besa Famiglia, a volleyball team KV BESA, a judo team Ippon, an athletic team Besa as well as a women's basketball team KB Penza. Since June 2008 Peć has also a Taekwondo Team: Tae Kwon Do Club Peja (Klubi i Tae Kwon Do-së Peja).[18]

Paragliding

Peja paragliding 01

Peja has its aeroclub called "Aeroklubi Peja", whom was founded in 1948. Last years this club is part of contests in a lot of countries. In June 2013 it was the organizer of "second Paragliding event" which included paragliders from Kosovo and Albania[19] In 2014 it was the organizer of an international contest called "Peja open PARAGLIDING CUP 2014".[20]

Demographics

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Main article: Demographics of Peć
Ethnic Composition in the municipality
Year/Population Albanians  % Serbs  % Montenegrins  % Roma (Ashkali, Egyptians)  % Bosniaks  % Others  % Total
1961 Census 41,532 62.35 8,852 13.28 12,701 19.05 728 1.09 1,397 2.1 66,656
1971 Census 63,193 70.12 9,298 10.31 11,306 12.54 433 0.48 5,203 5.77 90,124
1981 Census 79,965 71.99 7,995 7.2 9,796 8.82 3,844 3.46 8,739 7.86 111,071
1991 Census 96,441 75.5 7,815 6.11 6,960 5.44 4,442 3.5 9,875 7.72 127,796
January 1999 ~104,600 ~92 n/a n/a n/a n/a ~3,500–4,000 ~3.3 n/a n/a ~4,000–4,200 ~3.6 ~113,000
2011 census 87,975 91.2 332 0.4 3,836 3.9 3,786 3.9 521 0.5 96,450
Source: Yugoslav Population Censuses for data through 1991, OSCE estimates for data from 1999, and 2011 census from Kosovo Republic.[21][22]

According to the 1981 census, the city had a population of 54,497; according to the 1991 census it had grown to 68,163.[5] In 2003 the city had a population of 81,800.[citation needed] According to the 2011 census, around 49,000 people live in the city of Peć.[5]

The vast majority of the inhabitants are Kosovo Albanians. Most Kosovo Serbs live in the village enclaves of Goraždevac, Belo Polje and Ljevoša. There is also a large Bosniak community in the city of Peć and in Vitomirica, while significant Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities reside in urban and rural areas.[22]

International relations

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Kosovo

Peć is twinned with Gjilan which is also in Kosovo; Tobolsk in Russia and Nilüfer in Turkey.

Notable people

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Gallery

  • Peć from Veljak Peak - 2014

  • Old Baazar

  • Old Mill

  • Peć from above

  • Long Baazar

  • Town center

  • Town

  • Peja Kosovo 1.jpg
  • Peje1.jpg
  • Streets in Peć 001.jpg
  • Streets in Peć 003.jpg
  • Streets in Peć 004.jpg
  • PeckaPCrkva.jpg
  • Streets in Peć 005.jpg
  • Streets in Peć 006.jpg

Notes

  1. ↑ Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the Brussels Agreement. Kosovo has been recognised as an independent state by 108 out of 193 United Nations member states.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ [1][dead link]
  3. ↑ [2][dead link]
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 [3][dead link]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 World Gazetteer: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. – Retrieved on 12 May 2011.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ [4][dead link]
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Bep Jubani et al., Historia e popullit shqiptar: për shkollat e mesme (Libri Shkollor: Pristina, 2002) 182-185.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ [5][dead link]
  19. ↑ [6][dead link]
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 [7][dead link]

External links

 
Largest cities or towns in Kosovo
2014 estimate
Rank Name Districts Pop. Rank Name Districts Pop.
Pristina
Pristina
Prizren
Prizren		 1 Pristina Pristina 208,230 11 Glogovac (Drenas) Pristina 60,687 Ferizaj (Uroševac)
Ferizaj (Uroševac)
Peć
Peć
2 Prizren Prizren 183,810 12 Lipljan Pristina 59,773
3 Ferizaj (Uroševac) Ferizaj (Uroševac) 112,657 13 Orahovac Gjakova 58,259
4 Peć Peć 98,603 14 Mališevo Prizren 57,136
5 Gjakova Gjakova 97,127 15 Skenderaj (Srbica) Mitrovica 52,175
6 Gjilan Gjilan 92,369 16 Vitina Gjilan 48,288
7 Podujevo Pristina 90,568 17 Deçan Peć 40,954
8 Mitrovica Mitrovica 84,949 18 Istok Peć 40,388
9 Vučitrn Mitrovica 71,977 19 Klina Peć 39,943
10 Suva Reka Prizren 61,976 20 Kamenica Gjilan 35,931
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