There have been a vast number of designs of steam boiler, particularly towards the end of the 19th century when the technology was evolving rapidly. A great many of these took the names of their originators or primary manufacturers, rather than a more descriptive name. Some large manufacturers also made boilers of several types. Accordingly, it is difficult to identify their technical aspects from merely their name. This list presents these known, notable names and a brief description of their main characteristics.
See also
A
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- Admiralty three-drum boiler: the Royal Navy's standardised pattern of three-drum boiler.
- annular fire-tube boiler: a vertical fire-tube boiler with the tubes arranged radially,[1] such as the Robertson.
- annular water-tube boiler: a vertical water-tube boiler with the tubes arranged radially, such as the Straker with horizontal tubes, or near-vertically and conically[2] as used by Thornycroft for steam wagons.
- auxiliary boiler: An auxiliary boiler, on a steam ship, supplies steam that is not used for main propulsion, but is necessary for some part of the essential machinery.[3]
See also donkey boiler.
A small boiler may be used as an auxiliary boiler when at sea, or a donkey boiler in port. A composite auxiliary boiler does this, using waste heat from the main engines when at sea, or is separately fired when acting as a donkey boiler.
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B
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Brotan-Defner boiler firebox
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C
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- The term is also applied to vertical boilers with other arrangements of tubes, such as those with horizontal fire-tubes.
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D
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- De Poray boiler: patented French designs with a secondary combustion chamber to improve combustion efficiency. A vertical form of this uses field-tubes.
- Doble steam-car boiler:
- donkey boiler: A donkey boiler is used to supply non-essential steam to a ship for 'hotel' services such as heating or lighting when the main boilers are not in steam, for example, when in port.[3] Donkey boilers were also used by the last sailing ships for working winches and anchor capstans.
See also auxiliary boiler.
- du Temple boiler: An early naval water-tube boiler, patented in 1876.[5][8][19]
- Dublin "economic" boiler: a vertical multitubular return fire-tube design, for model engineering-scale uses.[15]
- Dürr boiler An early naval water-tube boiler, developed and mostly used in Germany, but also trialled in the British HMS Medusa (1888)[20]
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E
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F
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G
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- Galloway boiler: a Lancashire boiler fitted with Galloway tubes. Originally these fused the Lancashire boiler's original two flues into a single kidney-shaped flue, with the tubes mounted in the joined section. Later boilers kept the cylindrical flues separate and placed the tubes within them.
- gothic boiler: an early locomotive boiler, where the outer firebox was particularly large and served as the steam dome, often highly decorated with polished brass. These were popular for early railway locomotives, from 1830 to 1850.[24]
- This is another form of boiler frequently described as a "haystack".
- gunboat boiler: similar to the commonly known locomotive boiler, from steam locomotives.
A horizontal boiler drum contains multiple fire-tubes and a separate furnace. However the furnace in a gunboat boiler has no opening at the bottom of the furnace to allow dumping of ash, the furnace is completely water cooled, similar to a scotch boiler furnace. These boilers were used in early torpedo boats and gunboats, having low height for protection from enemy gunfire.
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H
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I
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J
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- Johnson boiler: one of the first "modern" classes of high-pressure marine oil-fired water-tube boilers. They have a single steam drum above a single water drum. Their small-diameter water-tubes curve outwards on each side to form a cylindrical furnace. As there is no grate or ashpan beneath, firing must be by oil. Return circulation is by external downcomers. Early versions also used water-walls at each end of the furnace, later ones had plain firebrick walls.[4]
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K
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- Kier: (sometimes Keeve or Kieve) an un-fired boiler, a pressure vessel heated by an external steam supply, used for bleaching in dyeworks and processing paper pulp. In use they were continuously rotated by an engine, steam being supplied through a rotating joint in the axle. They were usually spherical, sometimes cylindrical, and some were recycled from old boiler shells.[29]
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L
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- Sometimes small return-tube boilers of just this form are also described as "launch-type".
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M
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monotube boiler (White steam car)
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N
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- Also known as the "haystack", although not the usual, and even earlier, haystack boiler.[39]
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O
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- One Atmosphere Boiler: A compact boiler capable of producing superheated steam to over 1000C at one atmosphere's pressure.[43]
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P
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R
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S
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- Schmidt boiler: a high-pressure locomotive boiler, as used for the experimental LMS 6399 Fury. To avoid the usual problems of scale formation in a highly stressed firebox, the Schmidt system uses a separate primary circuit filled with distilled water.[47]
- Scotch marine boiler
- Scott boiler:[48]
- Sentinel boiler
- Sentinel-Cammel boiler
- Sentinel-Doble boiler
- Shand & Mason:[49]
- shell boiler:
- small-tube water-tube boiler: water-tube boilers with small-diameter tubes, 2 inch or less, rather than the older large-tube designs, with tubes of 3 inch and above. Also termed Express or Speedy boilers.
- Smithies boiler: A development of the pot boiler with added watertubes, used for model steam locomotives.[50] The boiler was invented by F. Smithies in 1900 and developed by Greenly. It consists of a cylindrical water drum hidden inside a larger drum that forms the visible part of the model. Long slightly-sloping water-tubes are mounted beneath this water drum. The advantage of the boiler over similar model boilers is the use of almost the entire water drum surface for heating, although this also tends to scorch any paintwork on the outer drum, unless this is insulated.[51] In a later development by Greenly, the backhead of the boiler becomes a double-walled water space and straight water-tubes are led into this at an angle.
- Spanner boiler: a vertical multitubular fire-tube boiler, notable for its use of "Swirlyflo" fire-tubes.[52] Spanner boilers were also known for their use as train-heating boilers.
- spherical boiler:[53]
- Stanley steam-car boiler: an extremely compact vertical multitubular fire-tube boiler, used in the Stanley steam car.
- Steam generator: modern boilers, with very small volume in relation to their heating area. Boiling is thus almost instantaneous and the volume of heated, but unboiled, water is minimal.[54]
- Stirling boiler: an early large-water-tube boiler, used in large stationary installations.
- Stone-Vapor: a monotube forced-circulation steam generator formed of a single helical water-tube.[54]
- Straker boiler: a vertical water-tube boiler for the Straker steam wagon.
- submerged multi-tube boiler: a vertical multi-tubular fire-tube boiler, with the boiler shell extended upwards in an annular ring, so as to always maintain the whole length of the tubes submerged. Used in steam wagons and similar, where the water-level may be disturbed as the vehicle climbs a hill.[2]
- Sulzer boiler: a monotube "once-through" steam generator.[55]
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T
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V
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W
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Y
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References
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 56-57
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Harris, Model Boilers, p. 55 Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 111-115
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 144-145
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Brown 1997, p. 140
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Kennedy, Modern Engines, Vol VI
- ↑ Clarkson Thimble Tube Boiler Co
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 58-60 Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Kennedy, Modern Engines, Vol V
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 119–137 Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Brown 1997, p. 165
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 52-53
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 138-145
- ↑ Hewison, Boiler Explosions, p. 12
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 158-160
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 58-59
- ↑ Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, p. 59
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 47
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 60-61
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 138-141
- ↑ 32.0 32.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 1501-151
- ↑ 34.0 34.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 138-141
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 56-58
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 54
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 63,65
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 63-64
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ McEwen, Historic Steam Boiler Explosions
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 167-168
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 57
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 169-171
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 130-132
- ↑ Hills, Power from Steam, pp. 130-131
- ↑ 54.0 54.1 Naval Marine Engineering Practice 1971, pp. 8–10
- ↑ Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 143-144
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.steamindex.com/manlocos/sentinel.htm
- ↑ Britannica, 1911
- ↑ Hills, Power from Steam
- ↑ Harris, Model Boilers, pp. 36
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Milton, Marine Steam Boilers, pp. 108-111
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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