List of Tamil monarchs

This is a list of Tamil-speaking monarchs, who ruled in Tamilakam and Sri Lanka.

1 Pandyan Kingdom
2 Chola Kingdom (c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE)
3 Chera Kingdom
- 3.1 Early Cheras
- 3.2 Later Cheras
4 Pallava Kingdom
5 Ay Kingdom
6 Aryacakravarti dynasty (c. 1215 – 1619 AD)
7 Nayakars
8 Ramnad Sethupathis
9 Pudukkotai Tondaimans (1680 – 1948 AD)
10 Velir monarchs
11 Palaiyakkarars
12 Others
13 See also
14 References

Pandyan Kingdom

Legendary Pandyans

Sarangadhwaja (A Pandyan king who fought alongside the Pandavas in Kurukshetra wars)
Malayadhwaja (Father of Minakshi)
Soma Sundara Pandyan (Avatar of Shiva)
Ugra Pandyan (Son of Minakshi)

Early Pandyans (3rd century BCE – 3rd century CE)

Koon Pandiyan
Nedunj Cheliyan I (he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi)
Pudappandiyan
Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi
Nedunj Chezhiyan II
Nanmaran
Nedunj Chezhiyan III
Maran Vazhudhi
Kadalan Vazhudhi
Mutriya Chezhiyan
Ukkirap Peruvazhudhi

Medieval Pandyans (6th – 10th centuries CE)

Kadungon (560–590)
Maravarman Avani Culamani (590–620)
Chezhiyan Chenthan (620–640)
Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (670–710)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735)
Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–790)
Rasasingan II (790–800)
Varagunan I (800–830)
Sirmara Seervallabha (830–862)
Varagunavarman II (862–880)
Parantaka Viranarayana (880–900)
Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)

Later Pandyans (10th – 13th centuries)

Sundara Pandyan I
Vira Pandyan I
Vira Pandyan II
Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
Jatavarman Chola Pandya
Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132–1161)
Parakrama Pandyan I (1161–1162)
Kulasekara Pandyan III
Vira Pandyan III
Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175–1180)
Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190–1216)
Parakrama Pandyan II (1212–1215)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216–1238)
Sundaravaramban Kulasekaran II (1238–1240)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251–1268)
Maaravaramban Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268–1308)
Sundara Pandyan IV (1309–1327)
Vira Pandyan IV (1309–1345)

Tenkasi Pandyans (15th – 17th centuries)

During 15th century, the Pandyans lost their traditional capital city Madurai because of the Islamic and Nayaks invasion, and were forced to move their capital to Tirunelveli in southern Tamilakam and existed there as vassals.

Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan 1422-1463 AD
Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan 1429-1473 AD
Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan 1473-1506 AD
Thevan Kulasekara Pandyan 1479-1499 AD
Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan 1534-1543 AD
Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan 1543-1552 AD
Nelveli Maran 1552-1564 AD
Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan 1564-1604 AD
Varathunga Pandyan 1588-1612 AD
Varakunarama Pandyan 1613-1618 AD
Kollankondan (?-?)

Chola Kingdom (c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE)

A sculpture of Raja Raja Chola.

Legendary Cholas

Legendary early Chola kings

Early Cholas (c. 300 BCE – 848 CE)

Medieval Cholas (848 CE – 1070 AD)

Vijayalaya Chola 848–891(?)
Aditya Chola I 891–907
Parantaka Chola I 907–950
Gandaraditya Chola 950–957
Arinjaya Chola 956–957
Sundara Chola 957–970
Uttama Chola 970–985
Rajaraja Chola I 985–1014
Rajendra Chola I 1012–1044
Rajadhiraja Chola 1018–1054
Rajendra Chola II 1051–1063
Virarajendra Chola 1063–1070
Athirajendra Chola 1067–1070

Later Cholas (1070 – 1279 AD)

Kulothunga Chola I 1070–1120
Vikrama Chola 1118–1135
Kulothunga Chola II 1133–1150
Rajaraja Chola II 1146–1173
Rajadhiraja Chola II 1166–1178
Kulothunga Chola III 1178–1218
Rajaraja Chola III 1216–1256
Rajendra Chola III 1246–1279

Chera Kingdom

Early Cheras

Uthiyan Cheralathan
Imayavaramban Nedun-Cheralatan
Palyani Sel Kelu Kuttuvan
Narmudi Cheral
Selva Kadumko Valiathan
Ilango Adigal
Vel Kelu Kuttuvan
Adu Kottu Pattu Cheralathan
Perum Cheral Irumporai
Illam Cheral Irumporai
Yanaikatchai Mantaran Cheral Irumporai
Kanaikkal Irumporai

Later Cheras

Kulashekhara Varman (800–820 AD)
Rajashekhara Varman (820- 844 AD)
Sthanu Ravi Varman (844- 885 AD)
Rama Varma Kulashekhara (885- 917 AD)
Goda Ravi Varma (917- 944 AD)
Kotha Varma (944- 962 AD)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman I (962- 1019 AD)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman II (1019- 1021 AD)
Vira Varman (1021- 1028 AD)
Rajasimha Varman (1028- 1043 AD)
Bhaskara Ravi Varman III (1043–1082 AD)
Ravi Rama Varma (1082-1090 AD)
Rama Varma Kulashekhara (1090- 1102 AD)

Pallava Kingdom

Early Pallavas

Tondaiman Ilandiraiyan (Son of Chola king Killivalavan with Nākar princess Pili Valai according to Manimegalai).
Bappa - Virakurcha — married a Naga of Mavilanga (Kanchi) - The Great Founder of a Pallava lineage
Simha Varman I (275–300 or 315–345)
Skanda Varman I (345–355) (Shivaskandavarman)

Middle Pallavas

Visnugopa (340–355) (Yuvamaharaja Vishnugopa)
Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
Skanda Varman II (370–385)
Vira Varman (385–400)
Skanda Varman III (400–435)
Simha Varman II (435–460)
Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
Nandi Varman I (480–500)
Kumaravisnu II (c. 500–510)
Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

Later Pallavas

Simhavishnu (537-570)
Mahendravarman I 571–630
Narasimhavarman I (Mamalla) 630–668
Mahendravarman II 668–672
Paramesvaravarman I 672–700
Narasimhavarman II (Raja Simha) 700–728
Paramesvaravarman II 705–710
Nandivarman II (Pallavamalla) 732–796
Dantivarman 775–825
Nandivarman III 825–869
Nirupathungan (869–882)
Aparajitavarman 882–897

Ay Kingdom

Ay Antiran
Titiyan
Atiyan
Karunandadakkan 857–885
Vikramaditya Varaguna 885–925

Aryacakravarti dynasty (c. 1215 – 1619 AD)

Image of Singai Parasasekaran, his sons Pandaram, Paranirupsingan and Cankili I

Cinkai Ariyan Cekaracacekaran I 1215-1240
Kulasekara Pararacacekaran I 1240-1256
Kulottunga Cekaracacekaran II 1256-1279
Vikkrama Pararacacekaran II 1279-1302
Varotaya Cekaracacekaran III 1302-1325
Marttanta Pararacacekaran III 1325-1348
Kunapusana Cekaracacekaran IV 1348-1371
Virotaya Pararacacekaran IV 1371-1380
Jeyavira Cekaracacekaran V 1380-1410
Kunavira Pararacacekaran V 1410-1440
Kanagasuriya Cekaracacekaran V 1440-1478
Pararacacekaran VI 1478-1519
Cankili I (Cekaracacekaran VI) 1519-1565
Ilavarasan Puvi Raja Pandaram 1561-1565
Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran 1565-1570
(Name Not Known) 1565-1565
Periya Pillai Pandaram Cekaracacekaran 1570-1582
Puvi Raja Pandaram Pararacacekaran 1582-1591
Ethirmanna Cinkam Pararacacekaran 1591-1615
Paddilarasan Arasakesari Pandaram 1615-1616 (Assassinated)
Cankili II Cekaracacekaran 1616-1619^[1]

Nayakars

Madurai Nayakar (1529 AD – 1736 AD)

Nagama Nayaka
Viswanatha Nayaka
Vitthala Raja Nayaka (1546–1558)
Kumara Krishnappa Nayaka (1563—1573)
Muttu Krishnappa Nayaka (1602—1609)
Muttu Virappa Nayaka (1609—1623)
Tirumalai Nayaka (1623—1659)
Muttu Alakadri Nayaka (1659—1662)
Chokkanatha Nayaka (1662—1682)
Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682—1689)
Rani Mangammal (1689—1704)
Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayaka (1704—1731)
Queen Meenakshi, Chanda Sahib, & the End of the Nayakas (1731 — 1736 AD)

Gingee Nayakar (1509 – 1649)

Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
Chennappa Nayaka
Gangama Nayaka
Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
Varadappa Nayaka
Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
Venkata Perumal Naidu
Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
Ramakrishnappa Naidu (- 1649)

Thanjavur Nayakar (1532 – 1673 AD)

Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)
Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)
Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)

Kandy Nayakar (1739 – 1815 AD)

Vijaya Rajasinha (reigned 1739 – 1747)
Kirti Sri Raja Singha
Sri Rajadhi Rajasinha
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (aka Rajasimha IV; Kannasamy)

Ramnad Sethupathis

Under Madurai Nayakars (1590 - 1670 AD)

Sadasiva Thevar Sethupathi (1590-1621)
Kootan Sethupathi (1621-1637)
Dalavai Sethupathi (1637-1659)
Raghunatha Sethupathi (1659-1670)

Independent Sethupathis (1670 - 1794 AD)

Raghunatha Kilavan (1670–1708)
Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi I (1708–1723)
Sundaresvara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1723-1724)
Bhavani Shankara Thevar (1724-1728)
Kumara Muthu Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi (1728-1734)
Muthukumara Raghunatha Sethupathi (1734-1747)
Rakka Thevar (1747-1748)
Vijaya Raghunatha Sethupathi II (1748-1760)
Muthuramalinga Sethupathi I (1760-1794)

Under British Raj (1795 - 1979 AD)

Mangaleswari Nachiyar (1795-1807)
Annaswami Sethupathi (1807-1820)
Ramaswami Sethupathi (1820-1830)
Muthu Chella Thevar Sethupathi (1830-1846)
Parvatha Vardhani Ammal Nachchiyar (1846–1862)
Muthuramalinga Sethupathi II (1862–1873)
Court of Wards (1873–1889)
Bhaskara Sethupathy (1889–1903)
Dinakara Sethupathy
Raja Rajeswara Sethupathi (1903–1929)
Shanmugha Rajeswara Sethupathi (1929–1967)
Ramanatha Sethupathi (1967–1979)

Pudukkotai Tondaimans (1680 – 1948 AD)

Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman (1686–1730)
Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I (1730–1769)
Raya Raghunatha Tondaiman (1769– December 1789)
Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman (December 1789 – February 1, 1807)
Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman II (February 1, 1807 – June 1825)
Raghunatha Tondaiman (June 1825 – July 13, 1839)
Ramachandra Tondaiman (July 13, 1839 – April 15, 1886)
Martanda Bhairava Tondaiman (April 15, 1886 – May 28, 1928)
Rajagopala Tondaiman (October 28, 1928 – August 15, 1947)

Velir monarchs

Palaiyakkarars

Others

References

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