List of monarchs of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
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The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was a state formed in the Middle Ages by Armenian refugees, who were fleeing the Seljuk invasion of Armenia.[1] It was initially founded by the Rubenian dynasty, an offshoot of the larger Bagratid family that at various times held the thrones of Armenia and Georgia. While the Rubenian rulers were initially regional princes, their close ties with the Western world after the First Crusade saw the principality recognised as a kingdom under Leo I by the Holy Roman Empire in 1198.[2] The Rubenid dynasty fell in 1252 after the death of the last Rubenid monarch Queen Isabella, and her husband Hethum I became sole ruler, beginning the Hethumid dynasty. After the death of Leo IV in 1341 his cousin Guy du Lusignan was elected to replace him as Constantine II, the first king of the Lusignan dynasty. The kingdom fell at the beginning of Leo V's reign to the Mamluks,[3] and henceforth rulers were only claimants to the throne. After Charlotte of Cyprus ceded the throne to the House of Savoy in 1485,[4] the title fell out of use until after 1861.
Lords/Princes
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruben I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1080 | 1095 | Rubenids |  |
||
| Constantine I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1095 | 1102 | Rubenids | |||
| Thoros I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1102 | 1129 | Rubenids | |||
| Constantine II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1129 | 1129 | Rubenids | |||
| Leo I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1129 | 1140 | Rubenids | |||
| Thoros II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1144 | 1169 | Rubenids | |||
| Ruben II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1169 | 1170 | Rubenids | |||
| Mleh <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1170 | 1175 | Rubenids | |||
| Ruben III <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1175 | 1187 | Rubenids | |||
| Leo II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1187 | 1198/1199 | Became first king as Leo I | Rubenids |  |
Kings and Queens
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leo I (II) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1198/1199 | 1219 | Rubenids | |
||
| Isabella <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1219 | 1252 | Queen and co-ruler | Rubenids |  |
|
| Hethum I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1226 | 1270 | Co-ruler | Hethumids |  |
|
| Leo II (III) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1270 | 1289 | Hethumids |  |
||
| Hethum II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1289 | 1293 | Abdicated in favour of Thoros III | Hethumids |  |
|
| Thoros III <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1293 | 1298 | Recalled Hethoum II, with whom he became co-ruler | Hethumids | ||
| Hethum II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1295 | 1296 | Co-ruler with Thoros III | Hethumids | |
|
| Sempad <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1296 | 1298 | Usurper | Hethumids | ||
| Constantine I (III) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1298 | 1299 | Hethumids | |||
| Hethum II <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1299 | 1303 | Reclaimed throne. Abdicated and became regent for Leo III | Hethumids | |
|
| Leo III (IV) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1303 | 1307 | Under regency of Hethum II | Hethumids | ||
| Oshin <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1307 | 1320 | Hethumids | |||
| Leo IV (V) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1320 | 1341 | Under regency of Oshin of Korikos until 1329 | Hethumids |  |
|
| Constantine II (IV) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1342 | 1344 | Elected by nobles | House of Lusignan | ||
| Constantine III (V) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1344 | 1362 | House of Neghir |  |
||
| Constantine IV (VI) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1362 | 1373 | House of Neghir or House of Lusignan | |||
| Leo V (VI) <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1374 | 1375 | House of Lusignan |  |
Claimants
| Name |
Lifespan |
Reign start |
Reign end |
Notes |
Family |
Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leo V <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1375 | 1396 | Lusignan | |
||
| James I <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1396 | 1398 | Lusignan | |||
| Janus <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1398 | 1432 | Lusignan | |||
| John <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1432 | 1458 | Lusignan | |||
| Charlotte <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
|
1458 | 1467 | Lusignan |  |
The title passed to the branch of the Lusignans in Constantinople and eventually Russia. The title is contested by the House of Savoy.
References
- General
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Histoire Des Princes de Lusignan, Anciens Rois de Jérusalem, de la Petite Arménie et de Chypre, St.Petersbourg, Soikine, Stremiannaya 12, 1903
- Specific
- ↑ (Armenian) Poghosyan, S.; Katvalyan, M.; Grigoryan, G. et al. Cilician Armenia (Կիլիկյան Հայաստան). Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. v. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1979, pp. 406–428
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Mutafian, p.90
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
