Indonesian migrant worker

Indonesian migrant worker or Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (abbreviate: TKI) are Indonesian citizen that works in foreign countries outside of Indonesia.

The large population of Indonesia as the world's 4th largest, has contributed to the surplus of workforces in Indonesia. This large workforce, combined with scarcity and unavailability of jobs at home, has led numbers of Indonesians to seek job abroad, to earn money to improve their economy. However this Indonesian migrant workers are mostly low-skilled and works in domestic sector. They are prone to exploitation, extortion, physical and sexual abuses, suffered by those enduring human trafficking. Several cases of abuses upon Indonesian migrant worker has been reported and some has gained worldwide attention.

It is estimated around 4.5 million Indonesians work abroad. Most of them (around 70%) are women, most are employed in domestic sector as maid or domestic helper and manufacture sector. Most of them aged in productive age margin, between 18 and 35 years old. However it is estimated some of them might be under aged through document falsification. Around 30% are men, mostly work in plantation, construction, transportation and service sector.

Placement

Currently Malaysia employs the largest numbers of Indonesian migrant workers, followed by Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, Hong Kong, and Singapore. It is important to note that these are official numbers, the actual numbers might be far larger contributed by unrecorded illegal entry of Indonesian workers into foreign countries.

Employer countries

Source:BNP2TKI

Country	2011	2012	2013	2014*
Malaysia	134,120	134,023	150,236	107,085
Taiwan	78,865	81,071	83,544	68,874
Saudi Arabia	137,835	40,655	45,394	38,104
Hong Kong	50,301	45,478	41,769	30,208
Singapore	47,786	41,556	34,655	25,601
United Arab Emirates	39,917	35,571	44,505	15,276
Oman	7,306	8,836	10,719	15,035
South Korea	11,392	13,593	15,374	9,623
Brunei	10,804	13,146	11,269	9,298
United States	13,749	15,353	15,021	7,839
Qatar	16,616	20,380	16,237	6,872
Bahrain	4,379	6,328	5,384	4,535
Japan	2,508	3,293	3,042	2,093
Kuwait	2,723	2,518	2,534	1,530
Turkey	1,016	1,209	1,518	1,155
Italy	3,408	3,691	3,746	1,075
China	1,072	1,967	2,055	812
Fiji	556	970	848	809
Canada				805
Spain	1,484	1,746	1,417	754
Mauritius	478	982	1,017	734
Netherlands	592	798	1,176	664
Thailand	1,113	1,035	1,041	597
Germany	299	697	1,168	518
Australia	526	945	1,012	441
South Africa	1,272	1,388	905	460
Trinidad and Tobago				481

• to 31 October

Job sector

Country	2011	2012	2013	2014*
Domestic Worker	267,231	164,981	168,318	113,952
Plantation Worker	39,622	36,478	47,598	40,146
Operator	40,847	40,347	46,799	32,819
Care Taker	48,492	51,474	45,751	40,581
Construction Worker	5,625	11,141	15,580	6,779
General Worker	8,364	8,488	13,834	7,338
Deck Hand	4,509	12,283	11,249	8,904
Worker (Man)	33,398	17,030	9,249	2,041
Able Body Seaman	4,777	7,796	8,719	4,017
Housekeepers	14,643	16,006	8,301	4,759
Operator Production	1	1,913	5,856	6,244
Labour	17,098	19,493	5,854	4,270
Fisherman	4,371	5,213	5,559	3,988
Driver	0	974	4,746	6,945
Production Operator	3,745	5,163	4,664	na
Gardener	2,018	2,580	3,831	2,658
Worker	1,195	2,131	3,793	6,300
Agricultural Labour	6,814	3,201	3,604	na
Waiter	4,733	4,144	3,153	1,635
Engineer	2,339	2,939	3,115	na

• to 31 October

External links

• BNP2TKI National Body for Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers
• Migrant Care NGO focused on migrant worker issues
• MTO Resource for Remittance comparison for Overseas Indonesians

See also

• Overseas Indonesians
• Human trafficking in Indonesia
• Erwiana Sulistyaningsih