List of Russian rulers

Monarchy of Russia
Imperial Coat of arms
Nicholas II
Details
Style	His Imperial Majesty
First monarch	Rurik (as Prince)
Last monarch	Nicholas II (as Emperor)
Formation	862
Abolition	15 March 1917 (formally 1 September 1917)
Residence	Winter Palace
Appointer	Hereditary
Pretender(s)	Disputed: Maria Vladimirovna

'List of tsars' redirects here. For other uses, see tsar and tsar (disambiguation).

This is a list of all reigning monarchs in the history of Russia. It includes titles Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev, Grand Prince of Vladimir, Grand Prince of Moscow, Tsar of All Rus', and Emperor of All Russia. The list started with a semi-legendary Prince of Novgorod Rurik sometime in the mid 9th century (862) and ended with the Emperor of All Russia Nicholas II who abdicated in 1917, and was executed with his family in 1918.

The vast territory known today as Russia covers an area that has been known historically by various names, including Rus', Kievan Rus', the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Muscovy and the Russian Empire, and the sovereigns of these many nations and throughout their histories have used likewise as wide a range of titles in their positions as chief magistrates of a country. Some of the earliest titles include Kniaz and Velikiy Kniaz, which mean "Prince" and "Great Prince" respectively but are often rendered as "Duke" and "Grand Duke" in Western literature; then the title of Tsar, meaning "Caesar", which was disputed to be the equal of either a king or emperor; finally culminating in the title of Emperor. The full title of the Russian Emperors, according to Article 59 of the 1906 Russian Constitution, was given as:

Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, of Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Poland, Tsar of Siberia, Tsar of Chersonesos Taurica, Tsar of Georgia, Lord of Pskov, and Grand Duke of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia, and Finland, Prince of Estland, Livland, Courland and Semigalia, Samogitia, Belostok, Karelia, Tver, Yugra, Perm, Vyatka, Bulgaria and other territories; Lord and Grand Duke of Nizhny Novgorod, Sovereign of Chernigov, Ryazan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Beloozero, Udoria, Obdoria, Kondia, Vitebsk, Mstislavl, and all northern territories; Sovereign of Iveria, Kartalinia, and the Kabardinian lands and Armenian territories – hereditary Lord and Ruler of the Circassians and Mountain Princes and others; Lord of Turkestan, Heir of Norway, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Oldenburg, and so forth, and so forth, and so forth.

The Patriarchs of Moscow, who were the head of Russian Orthodox Church, also have acted as the leaders of Russia from time to time, usually in periods of political upheaval as during the Polish occupation and interregnum of 1610–1613.

Monarchs of various Russian states prior to 1547

Main article: List of early East Slavic states

The land that is today known as Russia was populated by various East Slavic peoples from before the ninth century. The first states to exert hegemony over the region were those of the Rus' people, a branch of Nordic Varangians who moved into the region occupied by modern Russia sometime in the ninth century, and set up a series of states starting with the Rus' Khaganate sometime around 830 or so. Little is known of the Rus' Khaganate beyond its existence, including the extent of its territory or any reliable list of its Khagans (rulers). Traditionally, Russian statehood is traced to Rurik, a Rus' leader of Holmgard (later Novgorod, modern Veliky Novgorod), a different Rus' state. Rurik's successor Oleg moved his capital to Kiev, founding the state of Kievan Rus'. Over the next several centuries, the most important titles were those of the Grand Prince of Kiev and Grand Prince of Novgorod whose holder (often the same person) could claim hegemony. By the early 11th century, however, the Rus' state had fragmented into a series of petty principalities which warred constantly with each other. In 1097, the Council of Liubech formalized the federal nature of the Russian lands. By the 12th century, the Grand Duchy of Vladimir became the dominant principality, adding its name to those of Novgorod and Kiev, culminating with the rule of Alexander Nevsky. After Alexander Nevsky, the region once again broke up into petty states, though the Grand Duchy of Moscow, founded by Alexander Nevsky's youngest son Daniel, began to consolidate control over the entire Russian territory in the 15th century. Following the Mongol conquests of the 13th century, all of the Russian principalities paid tribute to the Golden Horde, effectively operating as vassals of the Mongol state. The Russians began to exert independence from the Mongols, culminating with Ivan the Great of Moscow ceasing tribute to the Horde, effectively declaring his independence. The last Grand Duke (sometimes Grand Prince) of Moscow Ivan the Terrible assumed the title Tsar of All Russias in 1547.

Princes of Novgorod

Monarch	Portrait	Born-Died	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Ruled from	Ruled until
Rurik		830-879	none	862	879
Oleg of Novgorod (regent)		855-912	Relative of Rurik and regent of Rurik's son, Prince Igor of Kiev	879	882

Grand Princes of Kiev

Monarch	Portrait	Born-Died	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Ruled from	Ruled until
Askold and Dir (non-Rurikids)		?-882	none	842 or 862	882
Oleg of Novgorod (regent)		855-912	Relative of Rurik and regent of Rurik's son, Prince Igor of Kiev	882	Autumn 912
Igor I		878-945	Son of Rurik	879 (in Novgorod, as an heir of Rurik); 913	Autumn 945
Saint Olga of Kiev (regent)		890-969	Igor I's wife and regent of Sviatoslav I of Kiev	945	962
Sviatoslav I the Great		942–972	Son of Igor I and Olga of Kiev	Autumn 945	March 972
Yaropolk I		950-980	Son of Sviatoslav I	March 972	11 June 980
Saint Vladimir I the Great		958–1015	Younger son of Sviatoslav I, brother of Yaropolk I	11 June 980	15 July 1015
Sviatopolk I the Accursed		980–1019	Son of Vladimir I	15 July 1015	Autumn 1016
Yaroslav I the Wise		978–1054	Younger son of Vladimir I, brother of Sviatopolk I	Autumn 1016	Summer 1018
Sviatopolk I the Accursed		980–1019	Son of Vladimir I	14 August 1018	27 July 1019
Yaroslav I the Wise		978–1054	Younger son of Vladimir I, Younger brother of Sviatopolk I	27 July 1019	20 February 1054
Iziaslav I		1024–1078	First son of Yaroslav I	20 February 1054	15 September 1068
Vseslav of Polotsk		1039–1101	Great-Grandson of Vladimir I. Usurped the Kievan Throne	15 September 1068	29 April 1069
Iziaslav I		1024–1078	First son of Yaroslav I	2 May 1069	22 March 1073
Sviatoslav II		1027–1076	Third son of Yaroslav I	22 March 1073	27 December 1076
Vsevolod I		1030–1093	Fourth son of Yaroslav I	1 January 1077	15 July 1077
Iziaslav I		1024–1078	First son of Yaroslav I	15 July 1077	3 October 1078
Vsevolod I		1030–1093	Fourth son of Yaroslav I	3 October 1078	13 April 1093
Sviatopolk II		1050–1113	Son of Iziaslav I	24 April 1093	16 April 1113
Vladimir II Monomakh		1053–1125	Son of Vsevolod I	20 April 1113	19 May 1125
Mstislav the Great		1076–1132	Son of Vladimir II	20 May 1125	15 April 1132
Yaropolk II		1082–1139	Son of Vladimir II, Younger brother of Mstislav	17 April 1132	18 February 1139
Viacheslav I		1083-2 February 1154	Son of Vladimir II	22 February 1139	4 March 1139
Vsevolod II		1084-1146	Grandson of Sviatoslav II	5 March 1139	30 July 1146
Igor II		1096-19 September 1146	Grandson of Sviatoslav II	1 August 1146	13 August 1146
Iziaslav II Panteleimon		1097–1154	Older son of Mstislav	13 August 1146	23 August 1149
Yuri I the Long Arms		1099–1157	Younger brother of Mstislav	28 August 1149	Summer 1150
Viacheslav I		1083-2 February 1154	Son of Vladimir II	Summer 1150	Summer 1150
Iziaslav II Panteleimon		1097–1154	Older son of Mstislav	Summer 1150	Summer 1150
Yuri I the Long Arms		1099–1157	Younger brother of Mstislav	August 1150	Winter 1151
Iziaslav II Panteleimon		1097–1154	Older son of Mstislav	Winter 1151	13 November 1154
Viacheslav I		1083-2 February 1154	Son of Vladimir II	Spring 1151	6 February 1154
Rostislav I		1110–1165	Second son of Mstislav	1154	January 1155
Iziaslav III		?-1162	Grandson of Sviatoslav II	January 1155	1155
Yuri I the Long Arms		1099–1157	Younger brother of Mstislav	20 March 1155	15 May 1157
Iziaslav III		?-1162	Grandson of Sviatoslav II	19 May 1157	December 1158
Mstislav II		1125–1170	Son of Iziaslav III	22 December 1158	Spring 1159
Rostislav I		1110–1167	Second son of Mstislav	12 April 1159	8 February 1161
Iziaslav III		?-1162	Grandson of Sviatoslav II	12 February 1161	6 March 1161
Rostislav I		1110–1167	Second son of Mstislav	March 1161	14 March 1167
Vladimir III		1132–1173	Younger son of Mstislav	Spring 1167	Spring 1167
Mstislav II		1125–1170	Son of Iziaslav III	19 May 1167	12 March 1169

In 1169 Vladimir-Suzdal troops took Kiev. This act underlined the declining importance of that city.

Grand Princes of Vladimir

The state of Vladimir-Suzdal (formally the Grand Duchy of Vladimir) became dominant among the various petty principalities to form from the dissolution of the Kievan Rus' state; the title of Grand Prince of Vladimir became one of the three titles (along with Kiev and Novgorod) possessed by the most important rulers among the Russian nobility. While Vladimir enjoyed hegemony for a time, it too would disintegrate into a series of petty states, the most important of which became Grand Duchy of Moscow, which itself would eventually evolve into the Tsardom of Russia.

Monarch	Portrait	Born-Died	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Ruled from	Ruled until
Saint Andrei I Bogolyubsky		1110–1174	Son of Yuri I	15 May 1157	29 June 1174
Mikhail I		?-1176	Brother of Andrei I	1174	September 1174
Yaropolk		?-after 1196	Grandson of Vladimir II	1174	15 June 1175
Mikhail I		?-1176	Brother of Andrei I	15 June 1175	20 June 1176
Vsevolod III the Big Nest		1154–1212	Brother of Andrei I and Mikhail I	June 1176	15 April 1212
Yuri II		1189–1238	Son of Vsevolod III	1212	27 April 1216
Konstantin of Rostov		1186–1218	Son of Vsevolod III	Spring 1216	2 February 1218
Yuri II		1189–1238	Son of Vsevolod III	February 1218	4 March 1238
Yaroslav II		1191–1238	Son of Vsevolod III	1238	30 September 1246
Sviatoslav III		1196–3 February 1252	Son of Vsevolod III	1246	1248
Mikhail Khorobrit		1229–15 January 1248	Son of Yaroslav II	1248	15 January 1248
Sviatoslav III		1196– 3 February 1252	Son of Vsevolod III	1248	1249
Andrey II		1221–1264	Son of Yaroslav II	December 1249	24 July 1252
Saint Alexander I Nevsky		1220–1263	Son of Yaroslav II	1252	14 November 1263
Yaroslav III		1230–1272	Son of Yaroslav II	1264	1271
Vasily of Kostroma		1241–1276	Son of Yaroslav II	1272	January 1277
Dmitry of Pereslavl		1250–1294	Son of St. Alexander	1277	1281
Andrey III		1255–1304	Son of St. Alexander	1281	December 1283
Dmitry of Pereslavl		1250–1294	Son of St. Alexander	December 1283	1293
Andrey III		1255–1304	Son of St. Alexander	1293	1304
Saint Michael of Tver		1271–1318	Son of Yaroslav III	Autumn 1304	22 November 1318
Yuri (III) of Moscow		1281–1325	Grandson of St. Alexander	1318	2 November 1322
Dmitry I the Terrible Eyes		1299–1326	Son of St. Michael	1322	15 September 1326
Alexander of Tver		1281–1339	Son of St. Michael	1326	1327
Alexander of Suzdal		?–1331	Grandson of Andrey II	1328	1331
Ivan I of Moscow Kalita		1288–1340	Grandson of St. Alexander	1332	31 March 1340

Since 1331 the title of the Grand Princes of Vladimir assigned to the Princes of Moscow.

Grand Princes of Moscow

Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Vladimir, placed his youngest son Daniel in charge of the territory around Moscow, and establishing the state of Muscovy, originally a vassal state to Vladimir-Suzdal. Daniel's son Ivan I assumed the title of Vladimir himself, establishing Muscovy as the premier principality among the various Russian states. Later rulers of Muscovy would consolidate power, culminating with Ivan III who threw off the Mongol yoke and conquered most of the other Russian states. His son Vasili III completed the task of uniting all of Russia by eliminating the last few independent states in the 1520s. Vasili's son Ivan the Terrible formalized the situation by assuming the title Tsar of All Russias in 1547.

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
Daniel		Son of St. Alexander	1261	unknown	1283	4 March 1303	4 March 1303, Moscow, Russia
Yury		Son of Daniel	1281	unknown	4 March 1303	21 November 1325	21 November 1325, Moscow, Russia
Ivan I Kalita		Son of Daniel	1288	Helena 9 children	21 November 1325	31 March 1340	31 March 1340, Moscow, Russia
Simeon the Proud		Son of Ivan I	7 November 1316	Anastasia of Lithuania no children Euphraxia of Smolensk no children Maria of Tver 4 sons (died young)	31 March 1340	27 April 1353	27 April 1353, Moscow, Russia
Ivan II the Handsome		Son of Ivan I	30 March 1326	Fedosia Dmitrievna of Bryansk no children Alexandra Ivanovna Velyaminova 4 children	27 April 1353	13 November 1359	13 November 1359, Moscow, Russia
Saint Dmitry I Donskoy		Son of Ivan II	12 October 1350	Eudoxia Dmitrievna of Nizhny Novgorod 12 children	13 November 1359	19 May 1389	19 May 1389, Moscow, Russia
Vasily I		Son of Dmitry I	30 December 1371	Sophia of Lithuania 9 children	19 May 1389	27 February 1425	27 February 1425, Moscow, Russia
Vasily II the Blind		Son of Vasily I	10 March 1415	Maria Yaroslavna of Borovsk 3 children	27 February 1425	30 March 1434	27 March 1462, Moscow, Russia
Yury of Zvenigorod	no image	Son of Dmitry I	26 November 1374	Anastasia Yurynovna 3 children	31 March 1434	5 June 1434	5 June 1434, Moscow, Russia
Vasily Kosoy	no image	Son of Yury of Zvenigorod	1421		5 June 1434	1435	1435, Moscow, Russia
Vasily II the Blind		Son of Vasily I	10 March 1415	Maria Yaroslavna of Borovsk 3 children	1435	1446	27 March 1462, Moscow, Russia
Dmitry Shemyaka	no image	Son of Yury of Zvenigorod			1446	26 March 1447	1453, Moscow, Russia
Vasily II the Blind		Son of Vasily I	10 March 1415	Maria Yaroslavna of Borovsk 3 children	27 February 1447	27 March 1462	27 March 1462, Moscow, Russia
Ivan III the Great		Son of Vasily II	22 January 1440	Maria Borisovna of Tver one son Sophia Palaiologina 8 children	5 April 1462	6 November 1505	6 November 1505, Moscow, Russia
Vasily III		Son of Ivan III	25 March 1479	Solomonia Yuryevna Saburova no children Elana Vasilyevna Glinskaya 2 sons	6 November 1505	13 December 1533	13 December 1533, Moscow, Russia
Ivan IV the Terrible		Son of Vasily III	25 August 1530	unmarried as Prince	13 December 1533	26 January 1547	28 March 1584

Tsars of Russia

From the rule of Ivan III, the Grand Duchy of Moscow effectively became the dominant Russian state, overthrowing the Golden Horde, consolidating all remaining Russian principalities under itself, and conquering lands far from its roots in the city of Moscow. While Ivan III became effective ruler over the entirety of Russia, the situation was not formally recognized until his grandson Ivan the IV assumed the title Tsar in 1547, that the state of Russia (apart from its constituent principalities) came into formal being.

Dates are listed in the Old Style, which continued to be used in Russia.

House of Rurikovich

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
Ivan IV the Terrible		Son of Vasily III	25 August 1530, Kolomenskoye, Russia	Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina-Yurieva 6 children Maria Temryukovna one son (died young) Marfa Vasilevna Sobakina Anna Alexeievna Koltovskaya Anna Vasilchikova Vasilisa Melentyeva Maria Dolgorukaya Maria Feodorovna Nagaya	26 January 1547	28 March 1584	28 March 1584, Moscow, Russia
Simeon II	no image	None		Anastasia Mstislavskaya (great great granddaughter of Ivan III)	1575	1576	5 January 1616, Moscow, Russia
Feodor I		Son of Ivan IV	31 May 1557, Moscow, Russia	Irina Feodorovna Godunova one daughter	28 March 1584	17 January 1598	17 January 1598, Moscow, Russia

Time of Troubles

Following the death of the Feodor I, the son of Ivan the Terrible and the last of the Rurik dynasty, Russia fell into a succession crisis known as the Time of Troubles. As Feodor left no male heirs, the Russian Zemsky Sobor (feudal parliament) elected his brother-in-law Boris Godunov to be Tsar. Devastated by famine, rule under Boris descended into anarchy. A series of impostors, known as the False Dmitriys, each claimed to be Feodor's long deceased younger brother. These impostors claimed (and at times actually held) the title of Tsar. A distant Rurikid cousin, Vasili Shuyskiy, also seized power for a time. During the period of Anarchy, foreign powers involved themselves in Russian politics under the leadership of the Vasa monarchs of Sweden and Poland-Lithuania, including Sigismund III Vasa and his son Władysław IV Vasa. As a child, Władysław was even chosen as Tsar by the Seven Boyars, though he was prevented by his father from formally taking the throne. The Time of Troubles is considered to have ended with the election of Michael Romanov to the throne, who established the Romanov dynasty that would rule Russia until the Russian Revolution of 1917.

House of Godunov

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
Irina (disputed)		Wife of Feodor I	c.1557	Feodor I of Russia a daughter	7 January 1598	15 January 1598	29 October 1603, Moscow, Russia
Boris I		Brother of Irina	c.1551, Vyazma, Russia	Maria Grigorievna Skuratova-Belskaya 2 children	21 February 1598	13 April 1605	13 April 1605, Moscow, Russia
Feodor II		Son of Boris I	1589, Moscow, Russia	unmarried, no children	13 April 1605	1 June 1605	1 June 1605, Moscow, Russia

Pseudo-Rurikovich usurpers

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
False Dmitry I (Grigory Bogdanovich Otrepyev)		None	c. 1581	Marina Mniszech no children	1 June 1605	17 May 1606	17 May 1606, Moscow, Russia
False Dmitry II		None	c. 1582	Marina Mniszech one son (posthumous)	10 July 1607	11 December 1610	11 December 1610, Kaluga, Russia
False Dmitry III (Sidorka)		None	unknown	unknown	28 March 1611	18 May 1612	July 1612

House of Shuysky

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
Vasiliy IV		Ninth generation descendant of Andrei II in the male line	22 September 1552, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia	Elena Mikhailovna Repnina no children Maria Buynosova-Rostovskaya 2 children	19 May 1606	17 July 1610 (deposed)	12 September 1612, Gostynin, Poland

House of Vasa

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
Vladislav I		None	9 June 1595, Łobzów, Poland	Cecilia Renata of Austria a daughter and a son, Sigismund Casimir Marie Louise Gonzaga no children	6 September 1610	November 1612 (deposed) 14 June 1634 (resigned his claim)	20 May 1648, Merkinė, Lithuania

House of Romanov

The Time of Troubles came to a close with the election of Michael Romanov as Tsar in 1613. Michael officially reigned as Tsar, though his father, the Patriarch Philaret (died 1633) initially held the real power. However, Michael's descendents would rule Russia, first as Tsars and later as Emperors, until the Russian Revolution of 1917. Peter the Great (reigned 1682-1725), a grandson of Michael Romanov, reorganized the Russian state along more Western lines, establishing the Russian Empire in 1721.

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
Michael I		First cousin once removed of Feodor I	12 July 1596 Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy	Maria Vladimirovna Dolgorukova 1624 one stillborn child Eudoxia Lukyanovna Streshneva 5 February 1626 ten children	26 July 1613	12 July 1645	12 July 1645, Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy
Alexis I the Quietest		Son of Michael I	9 May 1629 Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy	Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya 17 January 1648 13 children Natalia Kirillovna Naryshkina 1 February 1671 3 children	12 July 1645	29 January 1676	29 January 1676, Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy
Feodor III		Son of Alexis I	9 June 1661 Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy	Agaphia Simeonovna Grushevskaya 28 July 1680 one son Marfa Matveievna Apraksina 24 February 1682 no children	29 January 1676	7 May 1682	7 May 1682, Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy
Sophia (regent)		Daughter of Alexis I	17 September 1657 Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy	unmarried, no children	17 May 1682	27 August 1689	3 July 1704, Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy
Ivan V jointly with Peter I		Son of Alexis I	6 September 1666 Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy	Praskovia Feodorovna Saltykova 1684 5 daughters	2 June 1682	8 February 1696	8 February 1696, Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy
Peter I the Great jointly with Ivan V 1682–1696		Son of Alexis I	9 June 1672 Moscow, Tsardom of Muscovy	Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina 1689 3 children Marta Helena Skowrońska 1707 9 children	2 June 1682	2 November 1721	8 February 1725, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire

Emperors of Russia

(Also Grand Princes of Finland from 1809 until 1917; and Kings of Poland from 1815 until 1917)

The Empire of Russia was declared by Peter the Great in 1721. Officially, Russia would be ruled by the Romanov dynasty until the Russian Revolution of 1917. However, direct male descendants of Michael Romanov came to an end in 1730 with the death of Peter II of Russia, grandson of Peter the Great. The throne passed to Anna, a niece of Peter the Great, and after the brief rule of her infant son Ivan VI, the throne was seized by Elizabeth, a daughter of Peter the Great. Elizabeth would be the last of the direct Romanovs to rule Russia. Elizabeth declared her nephew, Peter, to be her heir. Peter (who would rule as Peter III) spoke little Russian, having been a German prince of the House of Holstein-Gottorp before arriving in Russia to assume the Imperial title. He and his German wife Sophia changed their name to Romanov upon inheriting the throne. Peter was ill-liked, and he was assassinated within six months of assuming the throne, in a coup orchestrated by his wife, who became Empress in her own right and ruled as Catherine the Great (both Peter and Catherine were descended from the House of Rurik). Following the confused successions of the descendants of Peter the Great, Catherine's son Paul I established clear succession laws which governed the rules of primogeniture over the Imperial throne until the fall of the Empire in 1917.

Monarch	Portrait	Relationship with Predecessor(s)	Birth	Marriage	Ruled from	Ruled until	Death
Peter I the Great		Son of Alexis I	9 June 1672 Moscow, Tsardom of Russia	Eudoxia Feodorovna Lopukhina 1689 3 children Marta Helena Skowrońska 1707 9 children	2 November 1721	8 February 1725	8 February 1725, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Catherine I		Wife of Peter I	15 April 1684 Ringen (Rõngu), Duchy of Livonia, Sweden	Peter I of Russia 1707 9 children	8 February 1725	17 May 1727	17 May 1727, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Peter II		Grandson of Peter I	23 October 1715 St. Petersburg, Tsardom of Russia	unmarried	18 May 1727	30 January 1730	30 January 1730, Moscow, Russian Empire
Anna		Daughter of Ivan V	7 February 1693 Moscow, Tsardom of Russia	Frederick Wilhelm, Duke of Courland November 1710 no children	13 February 1730	28 October 1740	28 October 1740, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Ivan VI		Great-grandson of Ivan V	23 August 1740 St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	unmarried	28 October 1740	6 December 1741	16 July 1764 (murdered) Shlisselburg, Russian Empire
Elizabeth		Daughter of Peter I	29 December 1709 Kolomenskoye, Tsardom of Russia	Alexey Razumovsky 1742 no children	6 December 1741	5 January 1762	5 January 1762, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Peter III		Grandson of Peter I	21 February 1728 Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein	Princess Sophie Friederike Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst 16 August 1745 one son	9 January 1762	9 July 1762	17 July 1762 (murdered), Ropsha, Russian Empire
Catherine II the Great		Wife of Peter III	2 May 1729 Stettin, Kingdom of Prussia	Peter III of Russia 16 August 1745 one son	9 July 1762	17 November 1796	17 November 1796, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Paul I		Son of Peter III	1 October 1754 St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt 29 September 1773 one stillborn son Princess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg 26 September 1776 ten children	17 November 1796	23 March 1801	23 March 1801 (assassinated) St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Alexander I the Blessed		Son of Paul I	23 December 1777 St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	Princess Louise of Baden 28 September 1793 2 daughters	23 March 1801	1 December 1825	1 December 1825, Taganrog, Russian Empire
Constantine I (disputed)		Son of Paul I	27 April 1779 Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire	Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld 26 February no children	1 December 1825	26 December 1825	27 June 1831 Vitebsk, Russian Empire
Nicholas I		Son of Paul I	6 July 1796 Gatchina, Russian Empire	Princess Charlotte of Prussia 13 July 1817 7 children	1 December 1825	2 March 1855	2 March 1855, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Alexander II the Liberator		Son of Nicholas I	29 April 1818 Moscow, Russian Empire	Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine 16 April 1841 8 children	2 March 1855	13 March 1881	13 March 1881 (assassinated) St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Alexander III the Peace-Maker		Son of Alexander II	10 March 1845 St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	Princess Dagmar of Denmark 9 November 1866 6 children	13 March 1881	1 November 1894	1 November 1894 Livadiya, Russian Empire
Saint Nicholas II		Son of Alexander III	6 May 1868 Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire	Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine 26 November 1894 5 children	1 November 1894	15 March 1917	17 July 1918 (executed) Yekaterinburg, Russian SFSR
Alexis II (disputed)		Son of Nicholas II	12 August 1904 Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire	Unmarried	15 March 1917	15 March 1917	17 July 1918 (executed) Yekaterinburg, Russian SFSR
Michael II (disputed)		Son of Alexander III	22 November 1878 Tsarskoye Selo, Russian Empire	Natalia Brassova 15 October 1911 one son (born before his parents' marriage)	15 March 1917	16 March 1917 (formally, 1 September 1917, the formal abolishment of monarchy)	12 June 1918 (murdered) Perm, Russian SFSR

See List of leaders of Russia for the continuation of leadership.

Pretenders to the Russian throne since 1917

• Cyril Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia (1924–1938) of the Vladimirovichi Branch
• Vladimir Cyrillovich, Grand Duke of Russia (1938–1992) of the Vladimirovichi Branch
• Maria Vladimirovna, Grand Duchess of Russia (1992 – present) of the Vladimirovichi branch
  • Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia, heir apparent and son of Maria Vladimirovna, of the Vladimirovichi branch.
• Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia (1992 – 2014) of the Nikolaevichi branch
• Prince Dimitri Romanovich of Russia (2014 – present) of the Nikolaevichi branch
  • Prince Andrew Andreevich (born 1923)

See Line of succession to the Russian throne

See also

• List of heads of government of Russia
• List of leaders of the Soviet Union
• List of leaders of the Russian SFSR
• Premier of the Soviet Union
• List of presidents of Russia
• Prime Minister of Russia

External links

• Godunov to Nicholas II by Saul Zaklad
• (Russian) Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal
• Timeline of Russian Emperors and Empresses
• History of Russian imperial titles. Bibliography