GEOS (16-bit operating system)
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A screenshot of Breadbox Ensemble 4.1.2
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| Developer | Berkeley Softworks, GeoWorks, then Breadbox Computer Company |
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| Written in | {{#property:p277}} |
| OS family | GEOS |
| Working state | Discontinued ("free, unsupported download"[1]) |
| Source model | Closed source |
| Initial release | 1990 |
| Latest release | 4.1.3 / August 25, 2009 |
| Default user interface | Motif or "Win95 clone" |
| License | Proprietary EULA |
| Official website | www |
GEOS is a computer operating environment, graphical user interface, and suite of application software. Originally released as PC/GEOS, it runs on DOS-based, IBM PC compatible computers. The package later became GeoWorks Ensemble, then NewDeal Office, and is now Breadbox Ensemble. Versions for some handheld platforms were also released.
PC/GEOS was first created by Berkeley Softworks, who later became GeoWorks Corporation. Version 4.0 was developed in 2001 by Breadbox Computer Company, LLC, and named Breadbox Ensemble.
PC/GEOS should not be confused with the 8-bit GEOS product from the same company, which runs on the Commodore 64 and other computers using MOS 6502-compatible microprocessors.
PC/GEOS
GeoWorks Ensemble
In 1990, GeoWorks released GEOS for IBM PC compatible systems, PC/GEOS. Also called GeoWorks Ensemble, it was incompatible with the earlier 8-bit versions of GEOS for Commodore and Apple II computers, but provided numerous enhancements, including scalable fonts and multitasking even on XT and AT-class PC clones. GeoWorks saw a market opportunity to provide a graphical user interface for the 16 million older model PCs that were unable to run Microsoft Windows 2.x.[2]
GEOS was packaged with a suite of productivity applications. Each had a name prefixed by "Geo": GeoWrite, GeoDraw; GeoManager; GeoPlanner; GeoDex, and GeoComm. It was also bundled with numerous PCs at the time, but like other GUI environments for the PC platform, such as GEM, it ultimately proved less successful in the marketplace than Windows. Former CEO of GeoWorks claims that GEOS faded away because Microsoft threatened to withdraw supply of MS-DOS to hardware manufacturers who bundled Geoworks with their machines.[3]
In December 1992 NEC and Sony bundled an OEM version of GeoWorks called the CD Manager with their respective CD-ROM players that sold as retail box add-on peripherals for consumers. The NEC Bundle retailed for around $500.00 with a 1x external CD Rom, SCSI Interface Controller, Labtec CD-150 amplified stereo speakers and 10 software titles.
A scaled down version of GeoWorks was used by America Online for their DOS-based AOL client software from the time of introduction on IBM compatible PCs until the late 1990s when America Online dropped development for graphical DOS in favor of Microsoft Windows. During that time, the popular single 3.5" disk that AOL was distributing on could be hacked to boot the GeoWorks graphical operating environment.
GeoWorks attempted to get third party developers but was unable to get much support due to expense of the developer kit — which ran $1,000 just for the manuals — and the difficult programming environment, which required a second PC networked via serial port in order to run the debugger.
Even though PC/GEOS is referred to as an "operating system", it still requires DOS software in order to load. GEOS and its applications were written in a mix of 8086 assembly and C, both with non-standard language extensions to support object-oriented design.[4][5]
When, under DR DOS 6.0, TASKMAX is loaded before PC/GEOS, PC/GEOS registered as graphical menu system for TASKMAX. This still worked under the pre-emptive multitasker (EMM386 /MULTI + TASKMGR) provided by Novell DOS 7, OpenDOS 7.01 and DR-DOS 7.02 (and higher), allowing for multiple GEOS and DOS applications to run concurrently.
After release of Ensemble 2.01, GeoWorks dropped support for the desktop version to focus on handhelds and smart devices.
Geoworks Ensemble won the 1991 Software Publishing Association Excellence in Software Award for Best Consumer Program.[6]
NewDeal Office
A newer version of PC/GEOS was marketed in the late 1990s as NewDeal Office from NewDeal Inc. in hopes of creating a market among owners of i386, i486 and Pentium PCs that could not run Windows 95 or Windows 98 effectively.
Breadbox Ensemble
After "NewDeal Inc." went out of business, Breadbox[7] purchased the rights in the software from GeoWorks in 2003. Their newest PC/GEOS, 4.x, is now a full productivity and Internet suite, including Web Browser and Email. Other essential programs such as word processing, spreadsheet, flat file database and graphics applications are integrated into this package.
Versions
- 1990: OS/90 (Beta Version)
- 1990: GeoWorks 1.0
- 1991: GeoWorks 1.2
- 1992: GeoWorks 1.2 Pro (with Borland Quattro Pro for DOS with PC/GEOS "Look and Feel")
- 1992: GeoWorks DTP
- 1992: GeoWorks CD Manager
- 1993: GeoWorks Ensemble 2.0 (new kernel PC/GEOS 2.0)
- 1993: Geopublish 2.0
- 1994: Geoworks Ensemble 2.01
- 1996: NewDeal Office 2.2
- 1996: NewDeal Office 2.5
- 1996: NewDeal Publish 2.5 (Shareware version)
- 1997: NewDeal Office 97
- 1998: NewDeal Office 98
- 1999: NewDeal Office Release 3
- 1999: NewDeal Office Release 3 Evaluation
- 1999: NewDeal Office 3.2
- 2000: NewDeal Office 3.2d (German patch)
- 2000: NewDeal Office 2000 (new kernel PC/GEOS 3.0)
- 2000: NewDeal Office 2000 for de (for a Surf´n´Office PC from Ted Turner IV (MyTurn, Inc.) with help from CNN)
- 2001: BreadBox Ensemble Beta Version 4.0.1.1
- 2001: BreadBox Ensemble Beta Versions 4.0.1.x
- 2002: Breadbox Ensemble Full Version 4.0.2.0
- 2005 - March: Breadbox Ensemble Version 4.1.0.0
- 2005 - November: Breadbox Ensemble Version 4.1.2.0
- 2009 - August: Breadbox Ensemble Version 4.1.3.0
PEN/GEOS
PEN/GEOS 1.0 was the new name for PC/GEOS 2.0 when GeoWorks released it on 9 April 1992. Alongside the Newton OS from Apple, PEN/GEOS 1.0 on Zoomer devices pioneered PDA technology.[8] GEOS was also used in the low-end GeoBook laptop from Brother Industries and in several of Nokia Communicator models (GEOS V3.0 in Nokia Communicator 9000 and 9110). PEN/GEOS 2.0 was released in 1992, and version 3.0 was released in 1995.
"Zoomer" devices; Tandy Z-PDA, AST GridPAD 2390, Casio Z-7000 & XL 7000
PEN/GEOS 1.0 was used as the operating system for the Tandy Z-PDA,[9] which was introduced shortly after the first Apple Newton MessagePad. Palm Computing had been incorporated to create software for this device[10] and shipped its first handwriting recognition software, PalmPrint, personal information manager, Palm Organizer, and synchronization software, PalmConnect,[8] on the Z-PDA. Palm Organizer included the PalmSchedule date book, PalmAddress address book, PalmNotes notebook, a dictionary, calculator, clock, forms calculator, 26 language translation dictionary, on-line help, holiday, and travel information.[11][12][13] The device was also sold under license as the AST GridPAD 2390[14] and as the Casio Z-7000 which was the best selling version. In the USA, Casio sold it under the name XL-7000 without the multi-lingual interface, but added an AOL client and some USA specific help files. These devices were all called "Zoomer" and were the first PDAs with a connection to the online services CompuServe and AOL. This was made possible through the pre-installed dial-up software CompuServeAOL.
HP OmniGo 100 & 120
In 1993, GeoWorks released PEN/GEOS 2.0, again based on PC/GEOS 2.0. In 1995, this version of GEOS appeared (running on top of DOS) on the HP OmniGo 100. It featured Graffiti handwriting recognition. The OmniGo is a flip-around clamshell handheld computer powered by a Vadem VG230 integrated PC-on-a-chip. The VG230 chip includes an Intel 80186-instruction set compatible NEC V30 core. It was soon followed by the HP OmniGo 120, which added a high-contrast screen.
Brother LW-Writing System
Brother LW-screen typewriters use PEN/GEOS and are the only version of the operating system that ships with vendor-provided drivers for scanner and it included a GEOS scanning application. In Germany, the Brother LW750ic system is equipped with PEN/GEOS.
Brother GeoBook
In 1997, Brother, in collaboration with IBM, brought the GeoBook series of notebooks to market. GeoBook models NB-60, NB-80C and PN-9100GR used a modified version of PEN/GEOS using the Yago user interface. The GeoBook series was marketed mainly in education and was part of the "IBM Eduquest School View" strategy.
Nokia Communicator 9000(i) and 9110(i)
In 1996, the Nokia 9000 Communicator smartphone was introduced. This phone uses PEN/GEOS 3.0 and established the smartphone market. Nokia followed with Communicator models 9000i, 9110 and 9110i.
GEOS-SC
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. GEOS-SC was a 32-bit RISC-CPU smartphone OS & GUI for the Japanese cellphone-market. It was released in 1997. Originally built as GeoWorks' planned future OS and codenamed 'Liberty', GEOS-SC became the basis for cellphones designed by Mitsubishi Electric Company of Japan (MELCO).
GEOS-SE
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Alongside this, GEOS-SE which was an OS designed and developed by Eden Ltd. a UK-based company acquired in 1997 by Geoworks. It became the basis of several other devices, most notably the Seiko Epson Locatio which was a multifunction device incorporating browser, PIM software, phone, GPS and Camera. It was launched in Japan in 1998.
References
- ↑ http://www.osnews.com/story/23882/The_Death_of_GEOS_
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- ↑ Breadbox Pens GEOS Exclusive License and Ownership Rights Agreement with Geoworks, April 29, 2003, Breadbox Computer Company LLC / Archive copy at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- Notes
- GEOWORKS. (1990). "Product Packaging (a printed card box with corrugated card liner) Part number: 16-2001-0101 Bar Code: 0 14233 20010 6". GeoWorks, Berkeley, CA 94704
External links
- Breadbox Computer Company — Current developer/publisher of GEOS
- Usenet
- comp.os.geos.misc newsgroup on Usenet (alternative free web access using Google Groups)
- comp.os.geos.programmer newsgroup on Usenet (alternative free web access using Google Groups)
