Turnera diffusa
Turnera diffusa | |
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Scientific classification | |
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T. diffusa
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Binomial name | |
Turnera diffusa |
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Varieties | |
T. d. var. aphrodisiaca (G.H.Ward) Urb. |
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Synonyms | |
Turnera microphylla Ham.[2] |
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Turnera diffusa, known as damiana,[3] is a shrub native to southwestern Texas in the United States,[4] Central America, Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean. It belongs to the family Passifloraceae.[2]
Damiana is a relatively small shrub that produces small, aromatic flowers. It blossoms in early to late summer and is followed by fruits that taste similar to figs. The shrub is said to have a strong spice-like odor somewhat like chamomile, due to the essential oils present in the plant.[5]
Contents
Uses
Damiana is an ingredient in a traditional Mexican liqueur, which is sometimes used in lieu of triple sec in margaritas. Mexican folklore claims that it was used in the "original" margarita. The damiana margarita is popular in the Los Cabos region of Mexico.[6][7]
Damiana was included in several 19th-century patent medicines, such as Pemberton's French Wine Coca. The leaves were omitted from that product's non-alcoholic counterpart, Coca-Cola.[8]
Properties
Damiana contains damianin; tetraphyllin B; gonzalitosin I; arbutin; tricosan-2-one; acacetin; p-cymene; β-sitosterol; 1,8-cineole; apigenin;[9] α-pinene; β-carotene; β-pinene; tannins; thymol;[10] and hexacosanol.[11] In total, 22 flavonoids, maltol glucoside, phenolics, seven cyanogenic glycosides, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, the polyterpene ficaprenol-11, fatty acids, and caffeine have been found in the genus Turnera.[12]
As of 2006, damiana's constituents have not been identified for their effects attributed to the whole herb.[13] Damiana's anxiolytic properties might be due to apigenin.[11]
References
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- ↑ Damiana Liqueur at Damiana.net
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External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 506: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]]. |
Wikispecies has information related to: Turnera diffusa |
- Commons category link from Wikidata
- Turnera
- Plants described in 1820
- Liqueurs
- Flora of the Bahamas
- Flora of Brazil
- Flora of the Cayman Islands
- Flora of Central America
- Flora of Cuba
- Flora of Hispaniola
- Flora of Jamaica
- Flora of Mexico
- Flora of Puerto Rico
- Flora of the Turks and Caicos Islands
- Flora of Texas
- Mexican alcoholic beverages