Boris Vannikov

Boris Lvovich Vannikov
Born	August 26, 1897 Baku, Russian Empire Present-day Azerbaijan
Died	22 February 1962 (1962-02-23) (aged 64) Moscow, Russia
Allegiance	Soviet Union
Service/branch	Red Army
Years of service	1918-1941
Rank	Colonel general
Commands held	People's Commissar for Armament Deputy Minister of Middle Machinery
Battles/wars	World War II Cold War
Awards	Hero of Socialist Labor USSR State Prize

Boris Lvovich Vannikov (Russian: Бори́с Льво́вич Ва́нников; 26 August 1897, Baku, Russian Empire – 22 February 1962, Moscow, USSR) was a Soviet government and military official, a three-star General.

Vannikov was People's Commissar for Armament from January 1939 through June 1941. On June 7, 1941, Vannikov was arrested for "failing to carry out his duties". However, as the war with Germany started on 22 June, Vannikov was released on 25 July 1941 then appointed First Deputy People's Commissar for Ammunition from February 1942 through June 1946.

From 1945 through 1953 Vannikov was Head of the 1st Main Directorate of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. In this position Vannikov worked under direct leadership of Lavrenty Beria overseeing the Soviet atomic bomb project. He inadvertently helped the nuclear scientists Yulii Khariton and Igor Kurchatov by walking close to their test reactor. His body fat reflected enough neutrons to approach criticality.

Vannikov was thrice named a Hero of Socialist Labor (1942, 1949, and 1954), and twice awarded the Stalin Prize (1951 and 1953). After Beria's arrest and death in 1953, Vannikov was demoted to the position of First Deputy Minister of Middle Machinery (a code word for the nuclear research and atomic weapons production in the USSR). He retired in 1958.

References

• (Russian) Записки наркома (Narkom's Essays). Prepared for publication in 1960s, it was published in 1988 in Znamya magazine (Знамя, 1988:1-2)