Bobbin driver
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Throughout history, lockstitch sewing machines have used a variety of methods to drive their bobbins so as to create the lockstitch.
| Names | Invented | Description | Picture | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transverse shuttle Longitudinal shuttle |
1846 by Elias Howe[1]
File:USPatent4750.Howe.TransverseShuttle.jpg
Figure 5 from Howe's patent 4750, showing transverse shuttle 'K' in its race
|
Transverse shuttles carry the bobbin in a boat-shaped shuttle, and reciprocate the shuttle along a straight horizontal shaft. The design was popularized in Singer's 'New Family' machine.[2] The design became obsolete once the other bobbin driver designs were developed.[3] |
File:BobbinDrivers.TransverseShuttle.shuttle.jpg
Shuttle from a transverse shuttle bobbin driver
|
Sometimes incorrectly called an "oscillating shuttle". |
| Vibrating shuttle | 1850 by Allen B. Wilson[4]
File:VibratingShuttle.WilsonPatent7776.page2.zoom.jpg
Figure 2 from Wilson's patent 7776, showing vibrating shuttle
|
Vibrating shuttle machines carry their bobbin in a bullet-shaped shuttle, and reciprocate their shuttle through a short arc. The design was popularized in the White Sewing Machine Company's 'White Sewing Machine' and Singer's 27-series machines.[5] Now obsolete.[6] |
File:BobbinDrivers.VibratingShuttle.shuttle.jpg
Shuttle from a vibrating shuttle bobbin driver
|
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| Rotary hook Rotating hook |
1851 by Allen B. Wilson[8]
File:USPatent9041.Wilson.RotaryHook.jpg
Figures from Wilson's patent 9041, showing rotary hook and bobbin
|
Rotary hook machines hold their bobbin stationary, and continuously rotate the thread hook around it. The design was popularized in the White Sewing Machine Company's 'Family Rotary' sewing machine[9] and Singer's models 95 and 115.[10] |
File:BobbinDrivers.RotaryHook.hook.jpg
Hook from a rotary hook bobbin driver
|
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| Oscillating shuttle | 1877 by Lebbeus B. Miller and Phillip Diehl[11]
File:USPatent208838.MillerAndDiehl.OscillatingShuttle.jpg
Figure 10 from Miller/Diehl patent 208838, showing oscillating shuttle
|
Oscillating shuttle machines mount their bobbin on the hook, and reciprocate the hook through a short arc. The design was popularized in Singer's models 15 'Improved Family' and 31.[12] |
File:BobbinDrivers.OscillatingShuttle.shuttlewithbobbin.jpg
Shuttle and bobbin from an oscillating shuttle bobbin driver
|
|
| Oscillating hook | ? | Oscillating hook machines hold their bobbin stationary, and reciprocate the hook through a short arc. The bobbin lays horizontally, right under the needle plate. The design was popularized in Singer's model 66.[13] |
File:BobbinDrivers.OscillatingHook.hook.jpg
Hook from an oscillating hook bobbin driver
|
"Rotating shuttle"
The term rotating shuttle is ambiguous. Sometimes it refers to a bobbin case,[14] and sometimes it refers to a rotary hook design.[15]
References
- ↑ US patent 4750, published 10 September 1846
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- ↑ Refer to Vibrating shuttle for full inventor credits with references
- ↑ All information drawn from the Vibrating shuttle article
- ↑ Singer's last vibrating shuttle machine was built in 1962, according to the references on the Singer Model 27 and 127 page
- ↑ See e.g. US patent 5617803, "Rotary Loop Taker with Replaceable Tip", issued 1997
- ↑ US patent 9041, published 15 June 1852; but see Rotary hook for full inventor credits with references
- ↑ All information drawn from the Rotary hook article
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ US patent 208838, issued 8 Oct 1878; and refinement US patent 221338, issued 4 November 1879. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found., the date of invention is given as 1879, but the Miller/Diehl patent trail actually began in 1877.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ See e.g. US patent 3921553, "Lock Stitch Rotating Shuttle", issued 1975, or US patent 3698333, "Rotating Shuttle Drive Mechanisms", issued 1972
- ↑ See e.g. US patent 36256, "Sewing Machine" (ironically filed by Wheeler & Wilson), or US patent 2257950, "Sewing Machine", issued 1941
