Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport

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For the Birmingham, England, airport, see Birmingham Airport. For military use of this airport, see Birmingham Air National Guard Base.
Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport
Birmingham International Airport.svg
Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport.jpg
NAIP aerial image, June 2006
IATA: BHM – ICAO: KBHM – FAA LID: BHM
– WMO: 72228
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner City of Birmingham
Operator Birmingham Airport Authority
Serves Birmingham, Alabama
Elevation AMSL 650 ft / 198 m
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Website FlyBirmingham.com
Map
BHM is located in Alabama
BHM
BHM
Location of airport in Alabama
Runways
Direction Length Surface
ft m
6/24 11,998 3,657 Asphalt
18/36 7,099 2,164 Asphalt
Statistics (2013)
Aircraft operations 104,864
Based aircraft 206
Passengers 2,598,428
Daily aircraft operations 301 (avg)
Sources: FAA[1][2]

Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport (IATA: BHM[3], ICAO: KBHM, FAA LID: BHM), formerly Birmingham Municipal Airport and later Birmingham International Airport, is a joint civil-military airport serving Birmingham, Alabama, United States and its metropolitan area including Tuscaloosa. It is located in Jefferson County, five miles northeast of downtown Birmingham,[1] near the interchange of I-20 and I-59.

Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport averages 301 aircraft operations a day, including 136 flights to 43 airports in 40 cities.[1][4] BHM served 2,598,428 passengers in 2014, and is the largest and busiest airport in the state of Alabama by passenger volume.[5]

The airfield can handle all aircraft types. The main runway is 12,002 feet (3,658 m) long.[6] The secondary runway is 7,100 feet (2,200 m) long. A Category II ILS allows operations in visibility as low as a quarter-mile.

The airport was renamed in July 2008 after Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth.

The Southern Museum of Flight is on Airport Authority property, on the east side of the North-South runway.

History

Aerial photo of Birmingham Airport, March 1951

Commercial air service to Birmingham began in 1928 by St. Tammy and Gulf Coast Airways, at Roberts Field on the west side of Birmingham on a route from Atlanta, Georgia to New Orleans, Louisiana.[7] Delta Air Service began service to Birmingham in late 1929 with six seat Travel Air airplanes along a route from Love Field in Dallas, Texas to Birmingham.[8] When American Airways (now American Airlines) began their Atlanta, Georgia to Fort Worth, Texas route, Birmingham was not included because their Ford Tri-Motors could not land at Roberts Field. So Birmingham began construction of what is now Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport.[9]

The airport opened on May 31, 1931 with a two-story, white, Georgian style terminal and a single east-west runway. The terminal was just east of the later 1962 and 1971 terminal complexes.[10][11] No remains of the 1931 terminal or landscaping are visible. With the addition of American Airlines in 1931 and Eastern Airlines in 1934, air traffic increased enough to warrant a second runway.[9]

World War II saw the airport leased to the United States Army Air Forces for $1 a year to support national defense. Birmingham Army Airfield was a section assigned to the Third Air Force as a fighter base, operated by the 310th Army Air Force Base Unit. The Army Air Force considerably improved the airport with land acquisitions, paving of additional taxiways, and construction of a control tower and an aircraft modification center south of the terminal (this is now operated by Pemco).[9]

After the airport returned to city control in August 1948 Southern Airways began service.[9] By March 1951 four runways were in use, Runways 5/23 (now designated 6/24) and 18/36, and runways at about 45/225 degrees north of Runway 5/23 and 85/265 degrees mostly south of Runway 5/23. Runway lengths were about 4,000 feet (1,200 m) to 5,500 feet (1,700 m). The runway at 45/225 degrees is now largely removed, though a paved portion remains crossing taxiway F near the Alabama Air National Guard facilities, used for airport equipment and helicopter landing/parking. The runway at 85/265 is also mostly removed, with remaining segments making up taxiway A5 and a portion of taxiway F east of Runway 18/36.[10][12]

1954 and 1969 airport diagrams

By 1959 Runway 5/23 was 10,000 feet (3,000 m) and service was started to Birmingham by Capital Airlines with British-made Vickers Viscounts. The first scheduled jets were Delta 880s in October 1961, flying ATL-BHM-MSY-LAX and back. (Birmingham then had nonstops to Newark and Washington, but no other nonstops beyond Charlotte, Memphis and New Orleans, and no nonstops to Florida.) By the late 1960s Douglas DC-8, Douglas DC-9, Convair 880 and Boeing 727s were all scheduled to BHM.

During the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion, pilots and crews from the Alabama Air National Guard's 117th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing at Birmingham were selected to train Cuban exile fliers in Nicaragua to fly the Douglas B-26 Invader in the close air support role. Although the 117th was flying the RF-84F Thunderflash, it had only recently retired its RB-26C Invaders, the last squadron in the Air Force to do so; thus the 117th was seen as the logical choice for the CIA's secret mission. Seven of the volunteer aviators participated combat operations during the final day of the invasion, on August 19, 1961. Birmingham natives Leo Baker, Wade Gray, Riley Shamburger, and Thomas "Pete" Ray were killed when their (two) aircraft were shot down. While American involvement had been suspected since before the invasion even began, Pete Ray's frozen body was kept as concrete proof of U.S. support.[13]

The lobby of the 1962 Birmingham Air Terminal viewed from the front doors. The ticketing area is in the background and the stair led to the boarding area. The terminal was torn down to make way for the 2011 terminal expansion.

Continued growth in passenger traffic by 1962 resulted in the construction of a second passenger terminal and a new air traffic control tower,[9] built west of the original 1931 terminal. This was dedicated on February 11, 1962 as the Birmingham Air Terminal. Charles H. McCauley Associates was the supervising architect and Radar & Associates was the designing architect.[14] It consisted of a single story building of repeated bays with steeply pitched roofs, which flanked a wider, higher center bay at the south end of the building for ticketing. A long, flat roofed northern section comprised the ground-level aircraft gates.[11][15] The south portion remains today for various airport support functions.

In 1973 the current semi-circular terminal was completed west of the 1962 terminal and air traffic control tower. It had 15 aircraft gates and a 1,600 space parking deck. Allegheny Air (now US Airways) began service from Birmingham to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the late 1970s. Deregulation of the airline industry saw airlines such as Comair, Florida Express, People Express, Air New Orleans, L'Express Airlines, and most importantly Southwest Airlines enter the Birmingham market.[9] With the introduction of flights to Canada and Mexico, the official name of the airport was changed to Birmingham International Airport on October 20, 1993.[16] Also in 1993, the airport marked the completion of a $50.4m terminal renovation.[17]


In the early 1990s Runway 18/36 was extended to 7,100 feet, allowing use by airline jets. By the early 2000s Birmingham had constructed a new 211 feet (64 m) tall control tower and completed improvements to the air cargo areas, including a new facility at the far west end. The 1960s blue air traffic control tower was demolished in 2001. In 2006 Birmingham International Airport celebrated its 75th year. In July 2007 an 2,000-foot (610 m) eastward extension to Runway 6/24 was completed. Now 12,002 feet (3,658 m) in length, Runway 6/24 allows a fully loaded Boeing 747 to land or take off.[9][18]

On June 23, 2008 Birmingham city mayor Larry Langford announced his proposal to rename the airport as the Fred L. Shuttlesworth International Airport, in honor of civil rights activist Fred Shuttlesworth.[19] On July 16, 2008, Mayor Langford and the Birmingham Airport Authority voted to change the name of the airport from the Birmingham International Airport to the Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport after the former civil rights activist. The name change cost about $300,000.[20] The FAA approved the name change and signage of the airport took place on April 3, 2009.

Facilities and aircraft

Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport covers 2,000 acres (809 ha) at an elevation of 650 feet (198 m) above mean sea level. It has two asphalt runways: 6/24 is 11,998 by 150 feet (3,657 x 46 m) and 18/36 is 7,099 by 150 feet (2,164 x 46 m).[1]

Atlantic Aviation operates two general aviation fixed base operator facilities, and there are numerous corporate hangars north of Runway 6/24 and east of Runway 18/36. AirMed International, a fixed-wing air ambulance company, operates its main hub from here.

There is a large, full service aircraft modification and maintenance facility on the south side of the airport. It was originally built during World War II, but was subsequently expanded. While little work is now performed at the complex, the facility sits on approximately 180 acres of land and has 1.7 million square feet under roof. It has 10 aircraft pull-through bays with space under the roof for 54 737 sized narrow-body aircraft.

In 2014 the airport had 94,534 aircraft operations, an average of 259 movements per day. Itinerant aircraft movements broke down as follows: 41% general aviation, 26% scheduled commercial, 26% air taxi, and 6% military. A total of 242 aircraft were then based at this airport.[1]

Commercial aircraft

Seven narrow body mainline airplanes start the day at Birmingham International Airport in May 2008. See photo description for more details.

In September 2014 typical commercial passenger traffic included Airbus A319/A320s, Boeing 737s, Embraer 170s, MD-80s, Boeing 717s, CRJ 900s, CRJ700s, CRJ 200s, and Embraer 145s models on about 128 take offs or landings daily.[21] The dominant mainline aircraft was the Boeing 737 due to Southwest Airlines and Delta Air Lines service. Delta also uses the Airbus A319/A320 and MD-88 on its mainline flights. American Eagle (Republic Airlines) and Delta Connection (Compass Airlines) uses the Embraer 170. The CRJ700/900 family was the most common regional aircraft, being used by American Eagle, Delta Connection, and United Express. The Canadair Regional Jets and ERJ 145 shared the second spot for regional jets, being utilized by the airlines above as well as American Eagle. Southern Airways Express operates on demand charter flights to select cities on the Cessna 208 Caravan aircraft (the only scheduled passenger service to BHM on turbo-prop aircraft). Mountain Air Cargo also operates daily flights to Memphis using the ATR-72 twin-turboprop aircraft on behalf of FedEx Express. Unique regularly scheduled aircraft included a Boeing 727-200 and Boeing 757-200 operated by FedEx as well as the Airbus A300-600 and Boeing 767-300F (seasonal) operated by UPS, the only wide body aircraft to routinely use the airport. Numerous other aircraft are used for frequent charter flights. Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport is also a primary diversion airport for both Memphis International Airport and Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport due to its 12,002 ft runway, which frequently brings brief but unique visitors.

Military aircraft

Birmingham Air National Guard Base is also located at the airport and consists of approximately 147 acres and essential facilities to support the mission of the 117th Air Refueling Wing (117 ARW), an Alabama Air National Guard unit operationally-gained by the Air Mobility Command (AMC), and its KC-135 Stratotanker aircraft.

The 117 ARW occupies 101 facilities including offices, mission support structures, maintenance hangars, s petroleum/oil/lubricants (POL) storage and refueling station, and a joint Army and Air Force evacuation hospital. As of 2002 the 117 ARW was nine (9) KC-135R Stratotankers. The current complement of personnel is 275 full-time personnel, including military and civilian employees. This expands to 1,243 personnel for Unit Training Assembly (UTA) weekends and during activation.

The Alabama Army National Guard (AL ARNG) also has facilities and units co-located on the base. These facilities provide for aircraft hangar and maintenance, the 109th Evacuation Hospital and an OMS storage facility.

Terminal and concourses

Airport terminal, tower, and parking deck on March 14, 2008

BHM currently has one new terminal building with three new concourses, which opened on March 13, 2013 (Concourses A, B) and on August 14, 2014 (Concourse C). The landside terminal (the area before the security threshold) has two levels. The upper level has ticketing and check-in facilities, a business center, and a large function room. The lower level has baggage claim facilities, airline baggage offices, airport operations offices, and meeting rooms available for use. The airport also has its own police force with offices on the lower level of the terminal. There are vending machines and ATMs located throughout both levels, pre-security.

Terminal A referred to the former 1962 terminal, which was still in use as office space until it was closed in 2011. The former Concourse B was closed in June 2011 and demolished alongside Terminal A for the first phase of the terminal modernization project to make way for two new concourses, concourses A and B, which opened on March 13, 2013.[22] Concourse C was closed in March 13, 2013 upon completion of concourses A and B. Concourse C was not demolished, but was completely gutted and structurally modified, removing the rotunda at the end of the old concourse and changing the structure to make a rectangle shape with the same width from end to end. It then underwent an intensive remodel covering all aspects of the concourse, culminating in the opening of the concourse to flights on August 14, 2014.

There is a rental car facility located in an annex on the ground floor of the parking deck. There are 8 rental car companies housed within this facility. The airport offers a parking deck with over 5000 spaces available for hourly and daily parking. There is also a remote lot available for long term parking with over 700 spaces. There is a shuttle that runs between the terminal and the remote lot continuously throughout the day. There is also a free cell phone waiting lot with a digital flight display for people waiting on arriving passengers.

Concourses

A ribbon cutting ceremony for the new concourses A and B took place on February 26, 2013.[23] The new terminal officially opened for business on March 13, 2013.[22] The new concourse C was completed along with the second half of the main terminal building and baggage claim upon the completion of the second and final phase of the terminal modernization project. A ribbon cotton ceremony for the concourse C and phase 2 completion was held on August 11, 2014 and concourse C officially opened for arriving and departing flights on August 14, 2014.[24]

Concourse A, which opened on March 13, 2013, consists of 8 gates: A1-A8. It is used by Delta, American, and Vacation Express/Aeromexico. It also contains US Customs and Immigration facilities capable of processing arriving international aircraft. For international arrivals, a partition is closed, forcing deplaning passengers through a glass corridor wherein they can see the interior of the main concourse, but cannot exit the corridor. The corridor leads down a special set of escalators into the US customs an immigration facility located below the main level. After being processed, passengers proceed through one-way doors into the main arrival hall.

Concourse B, which opened on March 13, 2013, consists of 5 gates: B1-B5. It is used by American and Bahamasair.

Concourse C, which opened on August 14, 2014, consists of 6 gates: C1-C6. It is used by Southwest and United.

Former concourse B consisted of 6 gates, B1-B6. Prior to its closure and demolition, concourse B was used by Northwest/Northwest Airlink, American/American Eagle, Continental/Continental Express, and US Airways Express. Northwest moved to concourse C in May 2009 and was merged into Delta a year later. American Airlines moved to concourse C on June 10, 2011; while US Airways and Continental moved to concourse C on June 24, 2011.[25] Concourse B was then closed and demolished in August 2011 to make way for the construction for future concourses A and B.[26]

Former concourse C consisted of 13 gates, C1-C14. It was the only concourse at the airport in operation and in use during the first phase of the terminal modernization project. Therefore, all commercial and charter services used this concourse. Concourse C was then closed when the new concourses A and B opened on March 13, 2013.[27]

Architecture

The 1974 terminal was built in the International style of architecture popular for American commercial and institutional buildings from the 1950s through the late 1970s. It consists of a single curved terminal with concourses radiating outward. Large floor to ceiling plate glass windows form curtain walls on the departure level of the terminal with horizontal bands of repetitive white architectural panels above and below. A slight departure from typical International style, the upper band of panels was decorated with raised circles of four sizes, two circles per size per panel. The roof is flat over the terminal and concourses; a series of steel columns painted white with stay cables for the terminal awning project from the roof. An enclosed white-clad Observation Deck jutted out from the airside terminal face at a sharp angle between the old concourses B and C. On the airside of the terminal, a large horizontal white sign with teal lettering identified the city as Birmingham.

The Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport terminal and the former concourse C at night as viewed from parking deck

Externally, concourse C and concourse B before their reconstruction were radically different than the terminal structure, consisting of straight radial spokes clad with white panels. Concourse C included a circular end which invokes the appearance of the terminal, whereas concourse B terminated at a flat wall. The concourse walls had relatively few windows, typically at waiting and dining areas. The presence of multiple shops, restrooms and service areas reduced the need for windows in the concourses. Jetways were used for the majority of the gates and aircraft, though Delta Connection and United Express used stairs leading to the tarmac to board flights on regional jets (currently all flights at the new concourses uses jetways). Passenger gates and services are located on the second floor with airside baggage handling and aircraft servicing on the ground level.

Interior view of the former concourse B. Concourse B was demolished to make way for the new concourses A and B

The interior of the terminal was renovated in the early 1990s and completed in 1993 at a cost of $50.4 million[16] which included new floor surfaces, lighting, wall coverings, renovated public spaces, and public art. The flooring was a mixture of carpet and large tiles, with tile primarily in the heavily used terminal spaces, dining areas, and restrooms. Numerous planters were positioned in hallways.

Terminal expansion and modernization

There is a $201.6 million terminal renovation project in progress. This project includes a renovation and upgrade to the airport's existing concourse C, as well as completely new concourses A and B. There will also be changes made to the interior lobby and ticketing area of the main terminal building, as well as improving the way passengers get from the parking deck to the terminal. More security screening areas, concessions, as well as US customs offices will be added.[28] The new airport is said to be built with new efficient building standards, making it one of the greenest airports in the country.[29] As of August 2011 the project is well underway, with Terminal A, the old cargo terminal, and concourse B already demolished.[26][28][30] The first phase of construction was completed on February 26, 2013 with the entire modernization project to be complete by 2014.[26] The second phase of construction is expected to begin in the spring of 2013 (when the new concourses A and B opens) when the airport's current and only concourse C will be demolished and renovated.[31][32] The ribbon cutting ceremony for the new terminal took place on February 26, 2013[23] with the terminal to open for business on March 13, 2013.[22] The project team includes KPS Group and KHAFRA (Architects & Engineers), A.G. Gaston Construction (Project Management), and Brasfield & Gorrie and BLOC Global Services Group (Construction Management).[33] The second and final phase of the terminal modernization project was completed on August 7, 2014.[34]

Artwork displays

Several pieces of artwork are displayed within the Terminal and on the airport grounds. Approaching the airport along Messer Airport Boulevard, travelers pass a series of white three dimensional triangular shapes placed on raised posts along the shoulder and median of the roadway with a mid-span folded crease to suggest the wings of birds in flight or aircraft. The two-story open space between the baggage claim carousels and the exterior entrances is filled with internationally recognized artist Larry Kirkland's mixed sculptural work Birmingham Beacons. The centerpieces of this work are two tall steel towers, recalling Birmingham's heavy industrial heritage, carved with images from nature, science, leisure and cultural activities that reflect the local environment and people. A granite map of Alabama, a small red stone house with quotes from local residents, and a series of suspended objects round out the piece.[35] The viewing area between concourses B and C displays whimsical sculptures of fruits and vegetables depicted as airplanes. Across from the viewing area is a display of the dedication plaque for the 1962 Birmingham Air Terminal and the large analogue clock with blinking stars which once hung above the main entrance doorway of the 1962 terminal and, with an adjacent sign, welcomed arriving passengers to Birmingham as they exited the terminal. Modified from its original appearance, the clock now includes photos of the current terminal, the 1931 terminal, and Birmingham's Moorish style Terminal Station which served the railroads of Birmingham until being demolished in 1969.[15]

Dining options

In 2014, Yahoo Travel ranked the airport as the 49th out of 72 on a list of "Every Important U.S. Airport, Ranked by Its Food and Drink."[36] Concourse A features a Starbucks, Hudson News shop, and a Good People Brewing Company outpost. The concourse A/B connector node has a Chick-Fil-A, Great American Bagel, and another Hudson News. Concourse B features a third Hudson News stand, and a Jim 'n' Nick's BBQ. Concourse C is home to another Starbucks, Talledega Grille, and Grounded in Birmingham, a local hamburger restaurant. There is also a fourth Hudson News in the C concourse. On the ticketing level of the main terminal, before the TSA security screening checkpoint, there is the airport's fifth Hudson News, as well as "The Local: Rustic Market", a deli style restaurant with a range of meals and snacks.[37][38]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines Destinations Concourse
American Eagle Charlotte, Dallas/Fort Worth, Miami, Philadelphia, Washington-National A, B
Delta Air Lines Atlanta A
Delta Connection Atlanta, Detroit, New York-LaGuardia A
Southwest Airlines Baltimore, Chicago-Midway, Dallas-Love, Houston-Hobby, Las Vegas, Orlando, Tampa C
United Express Chicago-O'Hare, Denver, Houston-Intercontinental C

Charter

Airlines Destinations Concourse
Bahamasair Seasonal: Freeport B
Southern Airways Express Atlanta-Peachtree, Destin, Gulf Shores, Panama City (FL) FBO
Vacation Express
operated by Aeroméxico		 Seasonal: Cancún A

Cargo

Airlines Destinations
FedEx Express Memphis
UPS Airlines Louisville

Statistics

Carrier shares: (Jan. 2014 – Dec. 2014) [39]
Carrier Passengers (arriving and departing)
Southwest
884,000(34.28%)
Delta
676,000(26.22%)
ExpressJet
339,000(13.13%)
PSA
220,000(8.52%)
American
141,000(5.46%)
Other
320,000(12.39%)
Top domestic destinations: (Sep. 2014 – Aug. 2015) [39]
Rank Airport Passengers Airline
1 Atlanta Hartsfield–Jackson International (ATL) 378,000 Delta
2 Charlotte Douglas International (CLT) 130,000 US Airways
3 Dallas/Fort Worth International (DFW) 86,000 American
4 Houston George Bush Intercontinental (IAH) 77,000 United
5 Dallas Love Field (DAL) 71,000 Southwest
6 Orlando International (MCO) 67,000 Delta, Southwest
7 Chicago Midway International (MDW) 63,000 Southwest
8 Tampa International (TPA) 60,000 Southwest
9 Baltimore–Washington International (BWI) 60,000 Southwest
10 Houston William P. Hobby Airport (HOU) 52,000 Southwest

Accidents and incidents

  • One fatal Part 121 (Air Carrier) accident has occurred at or in the immediate vicinity of Birmingham International Airport since 1934; the crash of Pennsylvania Central Airlines (a United Airlines predecessor) Flight 105 on January 6, 1946. The DC-3 landed on Runway 18 and continued off the end of the runway into Village Creek, three crew members sustained fatal injuries as a result of the accident.[40]
  • Two Part 135 (Air Taxi & Commuter) accidents have occurred since 1962 which resulted in fatalities. The most significant accident was the crash of L'Express Airlines Flight 508 on July 10, 1991 with the loss of 13 lives. Eight fatal General Aviation accidents have occurred at or in the vicinity of Birmingham International Airport since 1962, including a flight line ground accident[41][42]
  • On November 10, 1972, Southern Airways Flight 49 was hijacked shortly after departing Birmingham for Montgomery, Alabama on its multi-stop journey to Miami, Florida. All passengers and crew were safety released and the hijackers arrested over the two day event which is particularly notable as it lead to the requirement that U.S. airline passengers be physically screened before boarding, beginning January 5, 1973.
  • On March 22, 2013 following a $201 million renovation construction in the airport terminal, a digital arrival/departure screen fixture fell on a mother and her children, killing ten-year-old Luke Bresette, and injuring his mother and 2 other siblings of Overland Park, KS.[43][44]

Controversy

In September 2013, Atlanta-based ExpressJet Airlines, the largest regional US passenger airline, told its pilots to avoid landing on Runway 18, where a UPS cargo jet crashed in Birmingham. An internal review following the accident concluded planes come "dangerously close" to nearby hills if even a few feet too low, that there is a significant "terrain threat" and a non-standard glide path. An aviation safety expert said the runway is "absolutely" safe.[46][47]

See also

Images

  • A Delta Air Lines MD-88 taxis past the two United States Air National Guard 117th Air Refueling Wing hangars, a 117th KC-135, and the airport fire station at Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport.

  • The main entrance to Birmingham–Shuttlesworth International Airport

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 FAA Airport Master Record for BHM (Form 5010 PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. Effective November 15, 2012.
  2. ↑ FAA CY 2014 Passenger Boarding and All-Cargo Data http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective November 28, 2024. Federal Aviation Administration.
  7. ↑ Dodd, Don "Birmingham Aviation: From Fairgrounds Air Shows to the Southern Museum of Flight”, Alabama Review, January 2004.
  8. ↑ Georgia Encyclopedia, Delta Air Lines
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 US Geological Survey, Aerial Photo; Birmingham Airport, Alabama; March 9, 1951
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Aerial Photo, Birmingham Airport, 1967, University of Alabama collection
  12. ↑ Federal Aviation Administration Airport Diagram, Birmingham International (BHM), SE-4, June 5, 2008
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Birmingham Air Terminal dedication plaque; 1973 Terminal 2nd Floor
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ http://www.myfoxal.com/story/26274075/new-concourse-at-bhm-opening-to-arriving-passengers
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ http://www.alabamas13.com/story/26229432/ribbon-cutting-ceremony-held-for-terminal-modernization-project-at-birmingham-shuttlesworth-international-airport
  35. ↑ Kirkland, Larry. Birmingham Beacons interpretative sign, 1992.
  36. ↑ https://www.yahoo.com/travel/u-s-airports-ranked-by-food-and-drink-102255301782.html?hp=1
  37. ↑ http://www.flybirmingham.com/passenger-terminal.html
  38. ↑ http://www.flybirmingham.com/files/map-upper-level-new-terminal-rev.pdf
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Civil Aeronautics Board, Docket No. SA-111 File No. 301-46, adopted June 17, 1946 DOT Library – Special Collections
  41. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  42. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  43. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  44. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  45. ↑ UPS, "UPS Flight 1354", August 14, 2013. Accessed August 14, 2013
  46. ↑ http://www.seattlepi.com/news/us/article/Airline-warns-pilots-about-runway-after-UPS-crash-5299638.php
  47. ↑ http://www.miamiherald.com/2014/03/08/3982067/airline-warns-pilots-about-runway.html

External links

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