Archosauriformes

Archosauriformes Temporal range: Lopingian–Present, 260–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Life restoration of a proterosuchid Proterosuchus fergusi
American alligator (A. mississippiensis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Clade:	Crocopoda
Clade:	Archosauriformes Gauthier, 1986
Subgroups
†Uatchitodon †Erythrosuchidae †Euparkeriidae †Proterochampsidae †Proterosuchidae Crurotarsi

Archosauriformes (Greek for 'ruling lizards', and Latin for 'form') is a clade of diapsid reptiles that developed from archosauromorph ancestors some time in the Late Permian (roughly 250 million years ago). It was defined by Jacques Gauthier (1994) as the clade stemming from the last common ancestor of Proterosuchidae and Archosauria; Phil Senter (2005) defined it as the most exclusive clade containing Proterosuchus and Archosauria. These reptiles, which include members of the family Proterosuchidae and more advanced forms, were originally superficially crocodile-like predatory semi-aquatic animals about 1.5 meters (5 ft) long, with a sprawling elbows-out stance and long snouts. Unlike the bulk of their therapsid contemporaries, the proterosuchids survived the catastrophe at the end of the Permian, perhaps because they were opportunistic scavengers, perhaps because they could retreat into water to find respite from an overheated climate. Any such scenarios are hypothetical; what is clearer is that these animals were highly successful in their new environment, and evolved quickly. Within a few million years at the opening of the Triassic, the proterosuchids had given rise to the Erythrosuchidae (the first sauropsids to totally dominate their environment), who in turn were the ancestors of the small agile Euparkeriidae, from which a number of successfully more advanced families – the archosaurs proper – evolved rapidly to fill empty ecological niches in the devastated global system. The archosaurs include Crocodylia, dinosaurs, birds, and a few extinct orders.

Pre-Euparkeria Archosauriformes have previously been included in the suborder Proterosuchia of the order Thecodontia. Under the cladistic methodology, Proterosuchia has been rejected as a paraphyletic assemblage, and the pre-archosaurian taxa are simply considered as basal Archosauriformes.

Relationships

Below is a cladogram from Ezcurra et al. (2010):

Archosauriformes	Proterosuchus Sarmatosuchus Fugusuchus Osmolskina Koilamasuchus  Erythrosuchidae  Shansisuchus Vjushkovia Erythrosuchus Euparkeria Chanaresuchus Vancleavea Doswellia  Archosauria  Pseudosuchia Avemetatarsalia

Below is a cladogram from Nesbitt (2011):

Archosauriformes	Proterosuchidae  Archosaurus Proterosuchus Erythrosuchus Vancleavea  Proterochampsia  Tropidosuchus Chanaresuchus Euparkeria  Crurotarsi   Phytosauria*  Parasuchus Smilosuchus Pseudopalatus  Archosauria  Pseudosuchia Avemetatarsalia *Note: Phytosaurs were previously placed within Pseudosuchia, or crocodile-line archosaurs.

External links

• Paleos
• Mikko's Phylogeny Archive