RuneQuest

RuneQuest

RuneQuest Deluxe Edition (boxed set) as published by Avalon Hill in 1984. Illustration by Jody Lee, 1983.
Designer(s)	Steve Perrin Ray Turney Steve Henderson Warren James Glorantha Material by Greg Stafford
Publisher(s)	Chaosium Avalon Hill Mongoose Publishing The Design Mechanism
Publication date	1978 1st edition 1980 2nd edition 1984 3rd edition 2006 Mongoose RuneQuest 2009 Mongoose RuneQuest II 2012 6th edition
Genre(s)	Fantasy
System(s)	Basic Role-Playing

RuneQuest is a fantasy role-playing game first published in 1978 by Chaosium, created by Steve Perrin and set in Greg Stafford's mythical world of Glorantha. RuneQuest was notable for its original gaming system (designed around a percentile die and with an early implementation of skill rules). There have been several incarnations of the game. The most recent version was released in July 2012 by The Design Mechanism under the title RuneQuest 6. As of November 2015, a new edition titled RuneQuest: Classic Edition had reached its funding goal on Kickstarter. This edition is a reprint of the second edition with errata incorporated.

In Britain in the 1980s, RuneQuest was recognised by the gaming world as one of the 'Big Three' games with the largest market share, the others being Dungeons & Dragons and Traveller.

Setting

Main article: Glorantha

With the exception of the Third and Sixth (current) Editions, the default setting for RuneQuest has been the world of Glorantha. However, supplements published by Mongoose showcase other settings. (Young Kingdoms, Sláine and a pirates setting). The first edition of Clockwork & Chivalry, a clockpunk version of the English Civil War, by Cakebread & Walton also used the Mongoose rules before switching to their in-house Renaissance Deluxe system.

The well-developed background of the game offered a breadth of material for players and gamemasters to draw from. At a time when many RPG settings were cobbled together, RuneQuest offered players a vibrant living world, giving them a much more developed fictional world with established geography, history, and religion.

The Dragon Pass Area

The original rules contained a map of an area called Dragon Pass, a region offered as the default setting for adventures. The original RuneQuest game was set during a period of invasion, offering plenty of opportunities for game scenarios. A supplement titled Cults of Prax added more detail to many of the setting's locations.

Cults and Religion

A key element of RuneQuest flavor is a character's affiliation with a cult. Characters begin as lay members and progress through a series of membership levels, such as initiate or Rune Lord. This system offers narrative and mechanical benefits to players who chose to have their characters join a cult.

The basic rules described a handful of original and mythological gods. These were greatly expanded upon in the supplements Cults of Prax and Cults of Terror.

Magic in RuneQuest

Characters in RuneQuest are not divided into magic using and non-magic using characters. At the time of the game's release, this was an unorthodox mechanic. Although all characters have access to magic, for practical gameplay purposes a character's magical strength is proportional to his or her connection to the divine or natural skill at sorcery.

The exact divisions of magic vary from edition to edition, but most contain divisions such as Battle Magic, Sorcery, Petty Magicks, Divine Magic, Spirit Magic, and Enchantments.

System

Character Creation

As with most RPGs, players begin by making a Player Character. Player characters are devised through a number of dice rolls to represent physical, mental and spiritual characteristics.

Characters in RuneQuest gain power as they are used in play, but not to the degree that characters do in other fantasy RPGs. It is still possible for a weak character to slay a strong one through luck, tactics, or careful planning.

Task resolution

Both combat and non-combat actions use a percentile roll-under system to determine success of actions. The game features mechanics for critical hits and fumbling. For example, if a character has climbing at 35% and her player rolls 25 on a D100, the character has succeeded. However, a nuanced range of results existed in every die roll. If a die roll was 1/5 of the necessary percentile roll or less, it was a special success, and if it was 1/20 of the necessary roll or less it was a critical success. Very high rolls (in the range 96-00) on the other hand, could be "fumbles" or spectacular failures if they were in the top 1/20 of possible failed rolls.

Combat

The game's combat system was designed in an attempt to recreate designer Steve Perrin's experience with live-action combat. Perrin experienced mock medieval combat through the Society for Creative Anachronism. The player rolls against the character's combat skill. If the number rolled is equal to or less than the character's skill level, they have hit their target. The defender has the chance to roll to avoid the blow or parry it.

The RuneQuest combat system has a subsystem for hit location. Successful attacks are allocated randomly (or by decision) to a part of the target's body. In RuneQuest, a lucky hit against a character's leg, weapon arm, or head could have specific effects on the game's mechanics and narrative. This was a unique part of the game's combat system and helped to separate it from the more abstracted, hit-point-based combat of competitors such as Dungeons & Dragons.

Combat in RuneQuest is more detailed, slower and often riskier than in competing RPGs. When combat takes place it is tactical, and outcomes depend on strategic advantages from terrain, position, numerical superiority, or clever thinking.

Character advancement

Rules for skill advancement also use percentile dice. In a departure from the level based advancement of Dungeons and Dragons, Runequest allowed characters to improve their abilities directly; the player needs to roll higher than the character's skill rating. For the climber example used earlier, the player would need to roll greater than 35 on a D100 in order to advance the character's skill. Thus, the better the character is at a skill the more difficult it is to improve.

Other rules

The RuneQuest rule book contained a large selection of fantasy monsters and their physical stats. As well as traditional fantasy staples (Dwarves, Trolls, Undead, Lycanthropes, etc.), the book featured original creatures such as the goat-headed creatures called Broo. Some of its traditional fantasy creatures differed notably from the versions from other games (or fantasy or traditional sources), for example, Elves are humanoid plant life. Unlike other fantasy RPGs of the time, RuneQuest encouraged the use of monsters as player characters.

History

In 1975, games designer Greg Stafford released the fantasy board game White Bear and Red Moon (later Dragon Pass), produced and marketed by Chaosium, a game publishing company set up by Stafford solely for the release of the game. The board game introduced the region of Dragon Pass and many of the creatures and personalities that would appear in the world of the RuneQuest games. In 1978 Chaosium published the first edition of RuneQuest, a role playing game set in the world of Glorantha from White Bear and Red Moon. RuneQuest quickly established itself as the second most popular fantasy role-playing game, after Dungeons & Dragons. RuneQuest is the original percentile die-based and skill-based rule set. A second edition, with various minor revisions, was released in 1980.

The game was sold to Avalon Hill, who published a third edition in 1983 under a complex agreement that required all Glorantha-related content first be approved by Chaosium. In an attempt to also have a setting they could release freely, Avalon Hill also supported a new "default" setting, Fantasy Earth, based on fantasy interpretations of several eras of earth's pre-modern history. Later Avalon Hill published generic fantasy material (Lost City of Eldarad, Daughters of Darkness). Critics consider these later "Gateway" publications inferior to the earlier RuneQuest publications.

A proposed fourth edition was originally meant to return the tight RuneQuest/Glorantha relationship, but it was shelved in 1994, mid-project.

Following the financial failure of the collectible card game Mythos, Stafford, along with fellow shareholder Sandy Petersen, left the management of Chaosium in 1998, taking the rights to the Glorantha setting with him (he remained a shareholder in the company). Stafford formed a company, Issaries, Inc., to manage the Glorantha property. He partnered with Moon Design Publications to produce the all-new game system Hero Wars, later renamed HeroQuest. In 2003 the rights to the name "RuneQuest" were acquired from Avalon Hill by Issaries.

Mongoose Publishing released a new version of RuneQuest, in August 2006 under a license from Issaries. Mongoose was required to recreate much of the function of prior editions without reusing the prior texts (the copyrights of which were retained by Chaosium). The new rules were developed by Mongoose co-founder Matthew Sprange, and were released under a variant of the Open Game License. The official setting takes place during the Second Age of Glorantha (previous editions covered the Third Age). In 2010, Mongoose published a much-revised version written by Peter Nash and Lawrence Whittiker called "RuneQuest II, known as "MRQ2" by fans, this time with no OGL system reference document (SRD) for third-party publishers.

In May 2011, Mongoose Publishing announced that they had parted company with Issaries, and that the RuneQuest II rules system that they had devised would live on under a Wayfarer banner, but without the Gloranthan content. A month later Mongoose announced a further name change to Legend, so as not to conflict with the already existing Wayfarers RPG.

In July, 2011, The Design Mechanism, a company formed by Nash and Wittiker, announced that they had entered a licensing agreement with Issaries, and would be producing a 6th edition of RuneQuest. RuneQuest 6 was released in July 2012. RuneQuest 6 rules are largely similar to the Mongoose RuneQuest II rules. The RuneQuest 6 rules aim at providing rules that can be adapted to many fantasy or historical settings, and do not contain any specifically Gloranthan content (though they do use the Gloranthan runes).

In 2013, Stafford outright sold the Glorantha setting and RuneQuest and HeroQuest trademarks to Moon Design, which continued to publish HeroQuest and maintained Design Mechanism's RuneQuest license. In June 2015, following a series of financial issues at the company, Stafford and Petersen retook control of Chaosium. They in turn arranged a merger with Moon Design, which saw the Moon Design management team take over Chaosium. Shortly thereafter a new edition of RuneQuest was announced for a 2016 release. It is planned to be based on the 2nd edition, drawing upon ideas from later editions.

Reception

Jennell Jaquays comments: "After RuneQuest and Glorantha, detailed fantasy worlds would become the norm, not the exception. Dragon Pass paved the way for TSR's Faerûn, better known as the Forgotten Realms, and Krynn, setting for the Dragonlance saga. But few would ever achieve the elegant but approachable rules complexity of the original RuneQuest or instill a fervent loyalty in fans that would span decades."

Legacy

Chaosium reused the rules system developed in RuneQuest to form the basis of several other games: in 1980 the RuneQuest system of rules was simplified and published by Greg Stafford and Lynn Willis under the name of Basic Role-Playing (or BRP, for short). BRP was a generic role-playing game system, derived from the two first RuneQuest editions (1978 and 1979). It was used for many Chaosium role-playing games that followed RuneQuest, including:

• Stormbringer (1981)
• Call of Cthulhu (1981)
• Worlds of Wonder (1982)
• Superworld (1983)
• ElfQuest (1984)
• Ringworld (1984)
• Pendragon (1985) -see below-
• Hawkmoon (1985)
• Nephilim (1992)
• Elric! (1993)

The science-fiction roleplaying game Other Suns by Fantasy Games Unlimited, 1983, licensed the Basic Role Playing system as well.

Minor modifications of the BRP rules were introduced in every one of those games, to suit the flavor of each game's universe. Pendragon used a 1-20 scale and 1d20 roll instead of a percentile scale and 1d100. In combat, it used a single STR-based damage value where weapons only gave bonuses or penalties to the number of d6s. Prince Valiant: The Story-Telling Game (1989), which used coin tosses instead of dice rolls, was the only Chaosium role-playing game that didn't use any variant of the BRP system.

In 2004, Chaosium released a print-on-demand version of the 3rd edition RuneQuest rules under the titles Basic Roleplaying Players Book, Basic Roleplaying Magic Book, and Basic Roleplaying Creatures Book. The same year, Chaosium began preparing the most complete version yet of Basic Role-Playing. This new BRP edition was provisionally named Deluxe Basic Role-Playing (DBRP) but was finally released on June 24, 2008 as a single comprehensive book with the title Basic Role-Playing. The book offers many optional rules, as well as genre-specific advice for fantasy, horror, and science-fiction. Currently Chaosium is selling both a printed and pdf version of the game. No current version of BRP includes any Gloranthan content.

Steve Perrin, one of two authors of the original RuneQuest game, later developed a similar system known as Steve Perrin's Quest Rules (SPQR), which some RuneQuest fans consider to be a successor to the original game.

Ray Turney, one of two authors of the original RuneQuest game, later developed a similar system known as Fire and Sword, which some RuneQuest fans consider to be a successor to the original game.

Since losing the license to use the RuneQuest name and Glorantha setting, Mongoose Publishing have announced that they will release a new series of books under the title of Legend, which are designed to be 100% compatible with the RuneQuest II ruleset. Legend will be released in late 2011 under an open license so that others will be able to release books based on those rules. As well as a new series of titles to be released for Legend, current Mongoose titles for RuneQuest II, such as the Vikings sourcebook, will be re-released as Legend-compatible books.

External links

• Official Runequest 6 homepage
• Pete's RuneQuest! page
• The Design Mechanism
• Kickstarter campaign for RuneQuest Classic Edition