Eichler system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Eichler system was the first phylogenetic (phyletic) or evolutionary system.[1][2] It was developed by August W. Eichler (1839 – 1887), initially in his Blüthendiagramme (1875–1878) and then in successive editions of his Syllabus (1876–1890).[3][4][5] After his death his colleague Adolf Engler (1844 – 1930) continued its development, and it became widely accepted.
The system was based on dividing the plant kingdom into those plants with concealed reproductive organs (non-floral), the (Cryptogamae, = hidden reproduction) and those with visible reproductive organs (floral), the (Phanerogamae, = visible reproduction).[6] Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and the former into Monocotyledonae and Dicotyledonae.[7]
Contents
Fourth edition (1886)
The system (here taken from the 4th edition of the Syllabus, 1886) divides plants into divisions, classes and groups. Groups were further divided into orders.
- Note: ranks translated into Latin
German | Latin | English |
---|---|---|
Abteilung | divisio | Division |
Unterabteilung | subdivisio | Subdivision |
Klasse | classis | Class |
Reihe | ordo | Order |
Unterreihe | subordo | Suborder |
Fam. | familia | Family |
Unterfam. | subfamilia | Subfamily |
Gruppe | tribus | Tribe |
Gattung | genus | Genus |
Art | species | Species |
Outline: p. 6.[8] Page numbers refer to text
- A. Cryptogamae
- division I. Thallophyta
- classis I. Algae
- group I. Cyanophyceae
- group II. Diatomeae
- group III. Chlorophyceae p. 8
- group IV. Phaeophyceae
- group V. Rhodophyceae
- classis II. Fungi
- group I. Schizomycetes
- group II. Eumycetes
- group III. Lichenes
- classis I. Algae
- division II. Bryophyta
- division III. Pteridophyta p. 21
- classis I. Equisetinae
- classis II. Lycopodinae
- classis III. Filicinae
- division I. Thallophyta
- B. Phanerogamae
- division I. Gymnospermae p. 33
- division II. Angiospermae p. 34
- classis I. Monocotyleae (7 orders) p. 34
- order I. Liliiflorae p. 34
- ordo II. Enantioblastae
- ordo III. Spadiciflorae
- ordo IV. Glumiflorae
- ordo V. Scitamineae
- ordo VI. Gynandreae
- ordo VII. Helobiae
- classis II. Dicotyleae p. 39
- subclassis I. Choripetalae
- subclassis II. Sympetalae p. 58
- classis I. Monocotyleae (7 orders) p. 34
Index of families: p. 67.
Class Monocotyleae
-
- order I. Liliiflorae p. 34 (6 families)
- 1. Liliaceae (3 subfamilies)
- a. Lilieae
- Tulipa Gagea Fritillaria Lilium Ornithogalum Allium Hyacinthus Asphodelus Aloë
- b. Melanthieae
- Colchicum Veratrum Tofieldia
- c. Smilaceae
- Paris Convallaria Asparagus Smilax
- a. Lilieae
- 2. Amaryllidaceae p. 35
-
- Galanthus Leucojum Narcissus Agave
-
- 3. Juncaceae p. 35
- 4. Iridaceae
- 5. Haemodoraceae
- 6. Dioscoreaceae
- 7. Bromeliaceae
- 1. Liliaceae (3 subfamilies)
- ordo II. Enantioblastae
- ordo III. Spadiciflorae
- ordo IV. Glumiflorae
- ordo V. Scitamineae
- ordo VI. Gynandreae
- ordo VII. Helobiae
- order I. Liliiflorae p. 34 (6 families)
References
Bibliography
Works by Eichler
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- Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde Lipsius und Tischer, Kiel 1876.
- Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik, 2nd ed. 1880, 3rd ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886, 5th 1890
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- Outline: p. 1 (Eichler 1883, p. 1)
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- Subsequent editions published as Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik, 2nd ed. 1880, 3rd ed. 1883, 4th ed. 1886, 5th 1890
Other
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